(This review was written in 1999. I have developed in different ways since and may not have the same views now, but am posting this for my own reference.)
Kushner’s case is for clearly for organised religion, and the social and psychological need for religion. However, much as I find that many of his points relevant and insightful, I feel that he has failed in being clear on some issues which would likely be of interest and importance to any reader who picks up a book with the title “Who Needs God?”
Although most of the examples and experiences quoted in the book are from the Judo-Christian tradition (Kushner is a rabbi), the author has used the word “religion” so generally that it can mean any other faith including Buddhism which has a very different cosmic view.
We do not know for sure from what platform Kushner is talking from - Judaism, Christianity or general “religion”. Why? Does he fear being labeled dogmatic? Is it because he wants to reach a wider audience? Or is he simply liberal (unusual for someone who is a rabbi and has seemingly chosen a specific religious platform)? Then again, even if he is liberal, how can one reconcile between Christianity and Judaism which differ on one fundamental theological point that made them separate religions?
However, there are many insightful points for the reader. For example, Kushner acknowledges that that recent years have not been kind to religion* thus many do not believe in organised religion but who feel that believing that God exists or leading a morally good life is good enough. But, “A God who exists but who does not matter and whose existence does not affect the way you live might as well not exist at all. “
Man’s conquest of new milestones has gradually led to the a demystification of things once held sacred and together with the growth of individualism, has led to a decline in a belief and practise in religion.
Religion primarily affects the way we see the world. The fact that there seem to be some absolute rights and wrongs which transcends culture and time shows that we are a creation of a morally just God and that it is our in-born inclination to believe in a God that matters: “We want to be taken seriously. In the end we want to be held accountable, to be judged and to be forgiven.” Kushner gave the example of a man, having died and met God, was simply told to choose one of two doors to enter. One of the doors lead to heaven, the other to hell - it becomes a games of chance. The point is we do not want our ending to be dependent on the toss of a coin. And God is important too as: “Whenever one wavers from doing something because it is hard, unpopular or expensive I need to know that my path is God’s path.”
A point that Kushner has made clear is the social obligations we have to the community and to each other: “Do not ask questions such as why is this child born retarded but what kind of community does God want us to become so that this child’s illness does not become a barrier to a meaningful and fulfilling life?”
The difference between a person who believes in God and one who is lives a morally good life is that believer has have endless resources from God to draw from.
*e.g. disgrace of well-known clergy men, churches frequently are breeding grounds for hypocrisy, self-righteousness, small minded-ness, fundamentalism bordering on fanatism, dogmatism and arrogance and condemnation of those who disagree. Also Copernicus and Galilee, Darwin and Freud - Science vs religion. Spokesmen from church tried to challenge the scientific discoveries to embarrassing consequences. “To search for truth and not rely on ancient guess work is an affirmation truth and religion.“
Harold Kushner is the Rabbi of Temple Israel in Massachusetts. This other books are When All you Ever Wanted isn’t Enough and When Bad Things Happen to Good People