STRADIJA • VOĐA • MRTVO MORE • DANGA • KAKO SE PROVEO SVETI SAVA U VIŠOJ ŽENSKOJ ŠKOLI • KRALjEVIĆ MARKO PO DRUGI PUT MEĐU SRBIMA • RAZMIŠLjANjE JEDNOG OBIČNOG SRPSKOG VOLA • UZOR LENjOSTI • ŠTA BI BILO? • SAN JEDNOG MINISTRA • MODERNI USTANAK • NIJE RODOM IZ SINDIKATA • TRAŽI SE POGODAN NEPRIJATELj • KRALj ALEKSANDAR PO DRUGI PUT MEĐU SRBIMA
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Čitaoci ponekad ne znaju da li da se raduju što srpska književnost ima tako velikog satiričara kao što je Radoje Domanović ili da se rastuže nad činjenicom da je on aktuelan i posle više od jednog veka. Ne znaju, da li je smeh bolniji dok Domanović savršeno opisuje palanačko mrtvilo, tu „nepomičnu površinu ustajale pozelenele bare“ ili dok prikazuje junake koji čine sve da do nje dođe, jer „mi Srbi imamo dispozicije vrlo jake da jednog dana postanemo ovako srećan narod“ kao što je taj koji živi u bari. Ne znaju ni kojim je svojim delom najbolje osvetlio naše mane, zgasnuvši nažalost prebrzo kao nekakva intelektualna kometa. Zato mu se uvek i vraćaju.
Radoje Domanović was a Serbian writer and teacher, most famous for his satirical short stories.
Domanović was born in a village Ovsište which is located in Topola municipality, Šumadija District. He attended a gymnasium in Kragujevac. Some of his teachers were Pera Đorđević and Sreten Stojković, followers of Svetozar Marković, who were arrested for an attempt to take control of the local government and displaying a red flag. From 1890 to 1894, Domanović studied at the history and philology department of Belgrade's Grande Ecole (what soon became the University of Belgrade). He read some of his first works to the members of a student organization Pobratimstvo (Bloodbrothers). In 1893, he published his first work, a short story Na mesečini (In the Moonlight), in a magazine Javor. Two years later, he got his first tenure as a lecturer in a gymnasium in Pirot. There he met Jaša Prodanović, who was transferred to that school as a punishment. At that time, Domanović joined Republikanska stranka (The Republican Party), and got married to Natalija Ristić. He took an active part to maintain the doctrine of republicanism during the time of the monarchy, was threatened repeatedly not to criticize The Establishment. After nine months, he was transferred, as a punishment on request of his political rivals, to a gymnasium in Vranje. On the same count, after a year in Vranje, he was transferred to Leskovac. Following a critical speech on the position of teachers in 1898, he was dismissed from his post, along with his wife. As a response, he wrote a short story Ukidanje strasti (The Tearing of Passion). In 1899, he published two collections of short stories and his famous story Danga, perhaps an inspiration for Yevgeny Zamyatin's We (novel). The following year, he got a well-paying, government job as a clerk in the State's Archives. In 1902, after he published Stradija, he was again dismissed from his post. He started writing editorials for magazine Odjek (Echo). After the coup in 1903, Domanović returned to his post, and soon got a stipend to work on his stories. It was rumoured that the coup saved his life, since he was on a list for liquidation of the old government. In 1904, he started a magazine Stradija, that had 35 editions. The following year, he was appointed to the State press. He died in 1908 of tuberculosis survived by his wife and two children Zoran and Danica.
It can be said that Domanović is the diminutive Serbian Swift, if we lend ourselves to compare our writers with foreign ones. During his short literary career he succeeded in developing the great powers of the satirical novel, although some of his stories are distorted by pessimism and grime. Domanović lived for only 35 years and did not publish much, leaving some work in manuscript form. Some of his most famous stories are:
"Danga" (Mark), a story about the author's dream of visiting an imaginary country where all people blindly follow their leaders in a dystopian society. After all of the citizens were branded on the forehead, without complaints, the story culminates when the narrator proclaims that he, as a Serb, is much braver then anybody and requests to be branded ten times.
"Ukidanje strasti" (Abolishing Passion), a satirical fiction about a legislation that outlawed passion, after which people stopped doing things like smoking, drinking, or taking political participation.
"Razmišljanje jednog običnog srpskog vola" (Reasoning of an Ordinary Serbian Ox), criticizes Serbian misuse of their history and tradition.
"Kraljević Marko po drugi put među Srbima" (Marko Kraljević Among Serbs For the Second Time), a story of a return of an epic Serbian hero.
"Mrtvo more" (Dead Sea), a story about resistance of masses against any kind of progress.
"Vođa" (The Leader), a story about people who chose a person they never saw before to lead them to a better place. After suffering through a long trip, they realized that their leader was blind.
Nezaobilazno delo za svakoga ko voli šaljive kritike na temu srpske naravi. A ona se, kako je to Vitezović jednom lepo opisao, "lako ne menja, ako se uopšte menja..."🧐 Tako da su sve priče odavde, na našu (ne)sreću, aktuelne. "Ajde, zaposli mi pobratima, neću ti to zaboraviti."
Iz svake priče prosto isijavaju Domanovićevo nezadovoljstvo i izrugivanje srpskog građanskog sloja. Zgađen njihovom bespogovornom servilnošću Upravi i odsustvom navike da razmišljaju, kroz opise svojih snova (čest fantastični momenat kojim maskira mete svojih kritika) otvoreno ih poredi sa marvom koju je lako jahati, i još lakše ponižavati. Osim građanske pasivnošću, česte teme Domanovića su: korumpirana, troma uprava zemlje, despotstvo najjačih, lažno rodoljublje i carovanje kukavičluka, uvijenih u prazno govorništvo i bezdejstvovanje. Od svih javnih institucija, najčešće upire svoj prst na obrazovanje (dalje zaglupljivanje generacija), i pravoslavnu crkvu (isključivo parazitska uloga u društvu). Jedini aspekt dela u kojem nisam uživala (u prevodu: mnogo me je namučio i smorio) je repetitivnost forme i tematike. Na nesreću, autor nije živeo dovoljno dugo da se oproba u pisanju nekih drugih tema, bez tolikog fokusa na Kritiku.
Književna vrijednost Domanovićevih djela je sasvim standardna. Ništa što bi bilo vanredno. Ne može se reći ni da je loša, s druge strane. Međutim, nacionalizam koji poprima obrise propagande, kao i mizoginija u djelu o Svetom Savi i ženama u obrazovanju je nešto na šta savremeni čitaoci ne smiju da žmure.
Ne smatram da je Radoje Domanović najveći srpski satiričar, kako piše na prednjoj korici ove knjige, ali jeste među najvećima. Doduše, ne znam ceo njegov opus i koje sve priče nedostaju u ovoj knjizi, ali znam da su tu one najpoznatije, koje bi trebalo da pročita svako ko ume da čita na srpskom jeziku. Lektira za svakog ko želi da bude satiričar.
Генијални Домановић! Како пише на корицама, читалац не зна да ли да се радује што има тако великог сатиричара као што је Радоје или да се растужи над чињеницом да је актуелан и после више од једног века. И заиста, хоћемо ли и када дочекати да не буде актуелан?
Ježio sam se sve vreme dok sam čitao "Stradiju" koliko je relevantna pripovetka i za 2025.godinu. Isto važi i za "Mrtvo more" i "Razmišljanje srpskog vola" recimo... Sa druge strane, razumem što su neki Domanovića okarakterisali kao autošovinistu. Pa imamo mi srbi valjda i neke dobre strane, majku mu?!