Relationship Management
Influence
The competency of influence of the emotional intelligence framework is, essentially, of expressing one’s ideas in a meaningful and effective manner that will appeal to others (convince/persuade by building trust/maintaining integrity/showing authenticity/being honest as opposed to fraught with resistance) or presenting the ideas by taking into consideration of others’ perspectives/concerns. More specifically, for leaders with the positive leadership styles of visionary, participative, coaching and affiliative, the competency of influence is a powerful, inherent way to get a group engaged, mobilised to execute an influential idea. There is also a general public understanding that leadership equates to influence irrespective of within families, communities or at work. On the other hand, common, old-styled pacesetter and command-and-control leaders create a negative emotional climate, thus making it difficult to perform the act of influencing. It is important that leaders are sensitive to the culture of the organisation/ having an awareness of the cultural DNA when engaging in a major influencing/change activity. Not surprisingly, the authors have identified several other emotional intelligence competencies, in addition to prominent self-awareness and empathy, that are instrumental to the competency of influence: self-control, adaptability and positive outlook.
Interestingly, the authors have highlighted how the competency of influence becomes important in a team environment. Insightfully, they have presented the need for leaders to influence the team members to develop team norms (referred to as team EI norms) for true collaboration such as interpersonal understanding, caring behaviour and building external relationships. Besides, research shows, as expected, that warm-demanding style of influencing was highly effective as opposed to the styles of unintended enabling (avoiding conflicts at all cost)) and negative controlling (believe personal relationships with direct reports weaken leader’s position) that demotivate the team. In warm-demanding style, leaders deeply believe in their teams, and at the same time, have high expectations from the members.
In twelve booklets, a team of contributors led by the world-renowned psychologist/author Dr Daniel Goleman enlightens readers with the essentials of the competencies associated with the important personal/leadership development framework of emotional intelligence (EI). Year of research has shown that EI competencies are directly related to high performance at all levels of work, and EI is referred to as the distinguishing competency when used over a threshold competency such as general intelligence/IQ. In fact, it was a book on emotional intelligence published by Dr Goleman over two decades ago that made the notion highly popular among many others working in the field of psychology, and business leaders alike. We further see that EI competencies also provide useful guidance for any individual in their personal growth so that he/she could become a valued social member/citizen in general. These twelve booklets give the readers the latest enhancements/refinements on the notion compiled by associating the research outcomes, experiences and knowledge/insights of many other scholars working in the area. The authors have divided the notion of emotional intelligence into two broad sets of abilities: self-awareness led self-management and social-awareness led relationship management. It is very interesting and insightful to see that EI led personal growth/leadership development must start from internally oriented self-management before extending to externally oriented relationship management. In other words, it suggests that some introversion characteristics need to be more prominent and given focus before moving onto the extrovert ones. Another interesting research revelation highlighted is that depending on the number of EI competencies a leader possesses, he/she would follow different approaches to managing/leading. A leader with six or more EI competencies was shown to be more democratic in their approaches, and as a result, boost employee motivation and effectiveness, leading to strategic gains. On the other hand, a leader with three or fewer competencies tends to fall back onto directive/coercive approaches (i.e. giving commands and ordering people around) that are likely to produce only short-term relative results, if, if at all.
Moreover and importantly, the authors give the neuroscience basis of the EI framework. Essentially, achieving a higher degree of EI is indicative of enabling the use of the executive area of the brain- the prefrontal cortex (PFC) - to manage one’s emotions (and associated brain areas including the amygdala), disallowing the situations referred to by amygdala hijack. Another example of a neuroscience basis for the EI framework is the use of the brain areas referred to as the social brain, which includes mirror neurones, for understanding and connecting with other people/relationship management.
This review/appreciation is written on “Building Blocks of Emotional Intelligence: 12 Leadership Competency Primers” by Daniel Goleman, Richard Boyatzis, Vanessa Druskat, Richard J. Davidson, George Kohlrieser, Mette Miriam Boell, George Pitagorsky Michele Nevarez, Matthew Lippincott, Ann Flanagan Petry, Peter Senge, Matthew Taylor, Amy Gallo and Claudio Fernández-Aráoz