L'homme et la ville

by Henri Laborit

La finalité de toute structure vivante est de maintenir cette structure : un groupe social représente une structure vivante d'un certain niveau de complexité. Henri Laborit démontre que la ville est l'un des moyens utilisés par tout groupe social pour conserver sa structure. En effet, l'Homme qui, jusqu'à une époque récente, n'a découvert que la physique et l'a utilisée pour accroître sa puissance technique, permettant la domination de certains individus ou de certains groupes humains sur d'autres (le plus souvent par l'intermédiaire du profit), a utilisé la ville clans ce même but. Tout y est fait pour assurer la défense de la propriété des objets, des êtres, des moyens de production, des niveaux hiérarchiques. La destruction progressive de l'environnement et la disparition de l'espèce humaine, auxquelles peut aboutir ce type de comportement de puissance, fonderont peut-être la grande crainte qui conduira l'homme à transformer la finalité des groupes sociaux au seul " profit " de l'espèce humaine. La participation de la ville à cette évolution montre que l'urbanisme n'est pas seulement un problème de spécialiste : c'est le problème de la vie humaine dans son ensemble qui est posé.

215 pages, Paperback

Published January 1, 1971

About the author

Henri Laborit was a French surgeon, researcher, writer and philosopher. Animated by a robustly nonconformist spirit, he maintained an independence from academia and never sought to produce the orderly results that science requires of its adherents. His laboratory was self-funded for decades and allowed him to pursue his interdisciplinary interests. He is widely considered to be a pioneer of systems thinking and complexity theory in France.

He won the prestigious Albert Lasker Award for Clinical Medical Research in 1957. Laborit later became a research head at Boucicault Hospital in Paris.

His interests included psychotropic drugs, eutonology, and memory. He pioneered the use of dopamine antagonists to reduce shock in injured soldiers. His observation that people treated with these drugs showed reduced interest in their surroundings led to their later use as antipsychotics.

He was also the first researcher to study GHB, in the early 1960s. He hoped that it would be an orally bioavailable precursor to the neurotransmitter GABA, but it proved to have other uses and was later discovered as an endogenous neurotransmitter.

He appeared in the 1980 Alain Resnais film Mon oncle d'Amérique, which is built around the ideas of Laborit and uses the stories of three people to illustrate theories deriving from evolutionary psychology regarding the relationship of self and society. This movie includes short sequences of rat experiments that are used to illustrate the behaviors of some of the characters in different situations (such as inhibition in the action).

The French-born American market researcher Clotaire Rapaille considered Laborit to be an important influence in his work.

The 1991 Italian film Mediterraneo begins with a quote from Laborit which, translated, means "In times like these, escape is the only way to stay alive and keep dreaming."