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Bruken av ord

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Dette er bare, som dere ser, noen små strømvirvler, noen kortvarige bølgebevegelser som er fanget opp blant de utallige som disse ordene skaper. Hvis noen av dere synes denne leken er underholdende, kan de – til det trengs tålmodighet og tid – more seg med å lete etter flere. De kan i alle fall være sikre på at de ikke tar feil, alt det de oppdager, er virkelig der, i hver og en av oss: ringer som utvider seg når disse ordene, sendt så langt borte fra, faller ned i oss med en voldsom kraft og rokker ved oss fundamentalt: Ich sterbe.

Tsjekhovs siste ord – «Ich sterbe» («Jeg dør») – åpner denne samlingen med ti kortprosatekster av Nathalie Sarraute. Ordene som Tsjekhov ytrer på sitt dødsleie, i det han henvender seg, på et fremmed språk, til sin tyske lege, blir her gjenstand for en rekke undersøkelser av komplekse sinnsbevegelser som kan skjule seg bak – eller utløses av – den døende forfatterens siste uttalelse. Kortekstene i denne boken utgjør små episoder som alle tar utgangspunkt i setninger eller uttrykk – noen av prosastykkene utspiller seg i anskuelige omgivelser, i en park, på en kafé eller i en fransk landsby, mens andre foregår i mer diffuse, mentale rom; felles for alle tekstene er at de hver for seg avdekker skjulte fornemmelser og ørsmå bevegelser i menneskesinnet som utspiller seg under samtale med andre.

139 pages, Hardcover

First published February 8, 1980

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About the author

Nathalie Sarraute

76 books228 followers
Nathalie Sarraute (July 18, 1900 in Ivanovo, Russia – October 19, 1999 in Paris, France) was a lawyer and a French writer of Russian-Jewish origin.

Sarraute was born Natalia/Natacha Tcherniak in Ivanovo (then known as Ivanovo-Voznesensk), 300 km north-east of Moscow in 1900 (although she frequently referred to the year of her birth as 1902, a date still cited in select reference works), and, following the divorce of her parents, spent her childhood shuttled between France and Russia. In 1909 she moved to Paris with her father. Sarraute studied law and literature at the prestigious Sorbonne, having a particular fondness for 20th century literature and the works of Marcel Proust and Virginia Woolf, who greatly affected her conception of the novel, then later studied history at Oxford and sociology in Berlin, before passing the French bar exam (1926-1941) and becoming a lawyer.
In 1925, she married Raymond Sarraute, a fellow lawyer, with whom she would have three daughters. In 1932 she wrote her first book, Tropismes, a series of brief sketches and memories that set the tone for her entire oeuvre. The novel was first published in 1939, although the impact of World War II stunted its popularity. In 1941, Sarraute, who was Jewish, was released from her work as a lawyer as a result of Nazi law. During this time, she went into hiding and made arrangements to divorce her husband in an effort to protect him (although they would eventually stay together).
Nathalie Sarraute dies when she was ninety-nine years old. Her daughter, the journalist Claude Sarraute, was married to French Academician Jean-François Revel.

From Wikipedia

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Displaying 1 - 12 of 12 reviews
Profile Image for Alan.
Author 6 books379 followers
November 14, 2020
Sarraute takes up ten "words," ten phrases much used, showing the dramatic scene each cliché raises, from "And why not?" to "Mon petit," from "Don't talk to me like that" to "Je ne comprends pas." She begins with the root of a common phrase where the French use German, "Ich sterbe." Who knew this began as Chekhov's dying words--great Renaissance tradition, that-- but here, the Russian writer in 1904 visited a German spa, hoping for improvement of his tuberculosis. So he spoke in German, to the German physician. He did not intend to say "famous last words," "Non, pas lui, sȗrement non, ce n'était ps de tout son genre," Surely not, that was not his way.(11)
But they came to be used by everybody less literally, "ces mots nets, étanches," these these clear words, watertight. (13) Now you understand, "I'm at wits end, I'm at the border, Ici où je suis est le point extrême."(14)

Skipping from the first to Ch 7, about "Mon petit," a common French male vocative for a woman interlocutor.
Common, though condescending, what could hold back women in careers or, say, from the Boardroom. (My word here, from 2020.) She talks about "Mon petit" said in the course of a friendly conversation, mixed with other genial or kidding words. Nothing in its tone should suggest either aggressiveness or tenderness, the words "ne doit porter la trace d'une quelqonque émotion"(98). They should not carry any trace of emotion.
"Mon petit" comes from someone higher, or older, "quelqu'un qui posséderait une supériorité évidente, reconnue, que ce mot esprimerait"(98). Someone who possesses evident, recognized superiority which this phrase expresses. How to counter this disquieting, intolerable intrusion (her words)? A good defense can be the simple, "Ne me dites pas mon petit," to make the intrusion flee. (101)
But what happens? He can't budge, he's tied to his words, "Il ne peut bouger, il est comme ligoté." You must tear off the blind man's blinders, and say again with more force, Don't call me mon petit.
Maybe finally the "bonhomme" nods with a conciliating smile, as if a child were addressing him. You need not spit in his face. Of course he cannot understand why a charming phrase raises your hostility, when he was only speaking to connect, with no intention to self-aggrandize. Anyone who would object to them, how could they possibly understand troops at the border, foreign languages, even games, with their suspicious, vindictive, proud spirit, "quel esprit vindicatif, soupçonneux, orgueilleux..."(105).

One chapter's on "Eh bien quoi, c'est un dingue," So what, he's nuts; another on "Ton père. Ta soeur," If you keep on like that, Armand, your father will favor your sister.
The last two chapters are expansive, more comprehensive, the 9th, "Ne me parlez pas de ça," Don't talk to me about that. Often, it stands for what is not said. Your (male) interlocutor speaks of something disagreable to you, that makes you sick; do you have the courage to interrupt with, "Don't talk about that." Do not leave. Make him react to your phrase. He's a little surprised, full of good will, he awaits an explanation why. Do not give it. Surprise on his face, almost terror.
Sarraute divides women into two groups, those who can say, and those who would never say, "Ne me parlez pas de ça." Not the same as saying the hopeless, " Ne parlons nous de ça." The ones who cannot say the phrase vary from feeling it loutish, "une goujaterie," or even insulting, a breach of politesss. The chapter builds the difference between both groups until Sarraute envisions disgust and finally a fight between the groups.

Her last chapter starts with a conversation on a park bench as evening shadows fall. Turns out, only one person does all the talking, familiar words piling on words so that " le fracas des mots heurtés les uns contre les autres" the words colliding with one another "couvre leur sens" hide their meaning (142). [Good description of US president in 2020, his "fracas of words colliding one on another hiding any sense."] The woman is talking to a man who naively smiles without comprehension. Sarraute says near chapter's end that the park bench in shadows has become like shadowy "lieux de tortures" (147).
The talker's structure of words are like the facades "Potemkine faisait dresser sur le passage de la Grande Caterine," Potemkin built village facades as the Czarina passed through, behing them uninhabited ruins and empty fields.
One must dare to say "Je ne comprends pas," but this phrase transforms the orderly structure of language, "transformés en champs dévastés couverts de cadavres" into a field covered with dead soldiers who have abandoned their arms, renounced their rights. (146)
Profile Image for Nate D.
1,653 reviews1,251 followers
December 3, 2012
Essayish fictional reconstructions disecting all the hidden hazards of words deployed at others, scientific scrutiny of the underside of the commonplace. Quick and oddly entertaining for such a single-mindedly anthropological-linguistic book, and stylistically quite interesting as well, as nouvelle roman co-progenitor Sarraute lurches in and out of perspectives, clinical remove, and a kind of conversation with the reader all within a paragraph. I'm always saying this, but I really need to read more of her work.

(another neat random find in a magnificently cluttered bookshop in Portland Maine)
Profile Image for diario_de_um_leitor_pjv .
780 reviews138 followers
April 28, 2022
Primeiro livro de Nathalie Sarraute que li. A sua fama de experimentalista na ficção precede este meu contacto.

Este pequeno volume é constituído por 10 ensaios sobre o "uso das palavras".

A densidade da escrita tornou a leitura um processo difícil, o estruturalismo vigente tornou a compreensão e interpretação desinteressante.

Aconselharia a leitura do texto "A Palavra Amor".

Um pedaço:

"O uso das palavras não é como uma equação matemática: exato. O emissor da mensagem precisa adequar o vocabulário de acordo com o(s) receptor(es), o contexto, o conhecimento prévio dos envolvidos na comunicação, entre outros aspectos."
Profile Image for Pauline.
73 reviews27 followers
October 11, 2024
« Vous ne serez pas surpris d'apprendre, puisque ce sont les mots, certains mots qui, à eux seuls, nous occupent en ce moment, que ce drame, c’est un mot, un petit mot tout simple qui le produit. »
Profile Image for Shira.
210 reviews13 followers
Read
May 26, 2020
Omdat ik dacht dat dit Sarrautes essays waren begon ik ze te lezen. Heel eenvoudig had ik kunnen ontdekken dat dit niet haar essays zijn in de meer traditonele zin van het woord. Al weet ik niet of traditioneel en Sarraute ooit samen gaan en zouden haar 'essays' wellicht ook met 'non-essays' te verwarren kunnen zijn. Het kan.

Dit zijn dus niet Sarrautes essays, daar kwam ik eigenlijk al snel achter, al bleef ik toch redelijk lang twijfelen, bovenstaande legt uit waarom. Waarom wilde ik dan liever Sarrautes 'essays' lezen? Ik las tot nu toe haar Tropismes en een kort toneelstuk. Beide niet om te vergeten. Toch, gebasseerd op Tropismes, meende ik nog even wat tijd te moeten laten voorbijgaan - voor ik Sarrauts 'fictie' weer zou willen oppakken. En toen had ik het ineens toch opgepakt en las ik door, en bleek Tropismes hier eigenlijk een soort voorganger van te zijn.

Ik snap mijn eigen verwarring wel. Het gebruik van het woord raakt aan iets essayistisch, is eigenlijk zowel een taalonderzoek, naar het ongezegde binnen taal en vooral naar de trillingen van het gezegde en ongezegde tussen personen - en daarmee ook een psychologisch onderzoek (als zulke afbakeningen al mogelijk zijn).

Nathalie Sarraute neemt de lezer in losse hoofdstukken mee in een soort voorstellings- en reflectiespel op taal en op intermenselijk contact. Laten we willekeurige mensen op straat aanspreken en vragen of ze in een gesprek - wanneer overmand door een emotie door wat de ander aan het vertellen is (dat kan verveling, angst, en dergelijke zijn) - kunnen zeggen: "Praat me daar niet van"? Om ze vervolgens in twee groepen, diegenen die dat kunnen en diegenen die dat niet kunnen in te delen en hun argumenten aan te horen. Oh, maar, wat zeggen ze? Nee, dat is geen argument, dat is verdediging. Zo lijkt ze te willen zeggen. Zo lijkt ze te willen tonen. Want voor mij was er veel sprake van een vermoeden, niet van een weten.

Sarraute permiteert, of eerder, nodigt zichzelf, en de lezers, uit - om te kijken. Om te luisteren. Om te verwonderen. Wat doen woorden? Wat doen ongezegde woorden? Kunnen bepaalde woorden altijd een zelfde effect hebben, ongeacht in welke context ze tot uiting worden gebracht (ik weet niet of dit écht klopt, dit is mijn eigen hypothese, dat dat ook een beetje is wat het is)?

Wat Sarraute hier doet, ligt niet voor het oprapen (het zijn ook weer geen duistere raadsels, het is wel navolgbaar). De verhalen in deze bundel zijn als een soort rondedansen. Groepsrondedansen. We dansen als lezer samen met Sarraute om al het (on)woordige, om al de subtiele effecten van dat (on)woordige. Sarraute neemt de lezer haast letterlijk bij de hand door hem of haar aan te spreken, door de lezer mee te laten kijken met wat zij ziet. Zie je dat lezer?, lijkt ze uitnodigend (en ook wel letterlijk) te vragen.

Ik zag het niet altijd. Maar zag het vaak ook wel. En zo volgde ik haar dan in de rondedans en voelde dan vooral een blijdschap. Een blijdschap dat dit boek er is. Een blijdschap vanuit een ongemakkelijke herkenning. Dat ik in ongemakkelijke situaties terug kan denken aan stukken uit Het gebruik van het woord en me gerustgesteld kan voelen in lastige intermenselijke situaties, wetende dat er mogelijk een Nathalie Sarraute is, die stiekem vanuit de bank ernaast, de situatie aan het analyseren is en er met een groep mensen omheen danst.
Profile Image for Christopherseelie.
230 reviews25 followers
March 9, 2011
Some moments of brilliance but ultimately this is an intellectual exercise: something to get through rather than enjoy. Don't get me wrong, the ideas are worth reading, and at its best the author illuminates the power of utterance and vividly constructs its use in sophisticated conversations.
Profile Image for Brulois Brigitte.
66 reviews1 follower
January 25, 2019
Une attention aux moindres petits mots échangés ou entendus dans une conversation révèlent les subtilités du langage, tout ce qui passe imperceptiblement à travers des mots et qui se passe entre deux interlocuteurs. Un plaisir à lire dans cette ''disssection de la parole".
Profile Image for Dharma.
5 reviews
March 20, 2025
Read this at work, in silence, in one sitting, during a slow, sunny day. Love, death, and the banality of words all take root here. Sarraute was first described to me as an author who makes a lover of language - this text holds true to that portrait of desire, equal parts textual and material.
Profile Image for Han Far.
122 reviews8 followers
April 25, 2022
Utgitt av Solum i 2016. Likte denne. Særlig godt satte jeg pris på den interessante skrivestilen. Kommer nok til å lese mer av Sarraute etterhvert.
Profile Image for Marc Nash.
Author 18 books467 followers
March 22, 2017
I preferred the stories that were riffs on words like "love" or the German for "I'm dying" rather than when she was shaping the dimensions of space between a couple having a conversation by talking about the geometry of the words between them. But still, all in all very satisfying literary stuff
Profile Image for heyyonicki.
511 reviews
March 23, 2025
2025/03 : 3/5. Un livre auquel je reviens dix ans après l'avoir découvert. Je reste sur cette impression d'écriture insaisissable, langagière et orale, mais que je n'entends pas vraiment, ou du moins sur laquelle je n'arrive pas bien à me concentrer. Je vois bien qu'il y a des choses intéressantes, mais dans l'ensemble, je me perds. Je retiendrai entre autres le premier chapitre sur Tchekov, et un des derniers chapitres, dont je me souviens déjà plus de rien à part qu'il me paraissait intéressant et en lien avec mes sujets d'études.

2015/02 : 4/5.
Profile Image for Cyndie.
509 reviews2 followers
March 27, 2012
Autant j'avais apprécié Enfance, autant là... je ne sais pas trop quoi dire.
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