Nietzsche I. La nascita della tragedia; Il viandante e la sua ombra; La gaia scienza

by Friedrich Nietzsche, Germán Cano (preface), Susanna Mati (translator)

Siamo ormai nel XXI secolo e la figura di Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900) continua a interrogarci in modo quanto meno inquietante. La filosofia contemporanea è tutt'oggi costretta a fare i conti con quel suo messaggio spigoloso e radicale, scontroso e inafferrabile, con la sua critica feroce ai capisaldi metafisici della cultura occidentale. La riflessione di Nietzsche inaugura un'ardua opera di demolizione di tutto quel fardello di imperativi consegnato al mondo dal cristianesimo e dal suo antenato diretto, che il filosofo identificava nel platonismo o più semplicemente nella morale. Collocato, come disse lui stesso, "nella contraddizione tra l'oggi e il domani", Nietzsche - autore noto con l'etichetta di "critico della morale" - si propone ai posteri in una duplice forma: quale epilogo tardivo della contraddizione occidentale e al tempo stesso quale figlio prematuro di un futuro ancora da costruire. Si capisce allora perché la sua opera sia stata oggetto di suggestive interpretazioni esegetiche, ma anche di grandi malintesi.

Genres: Philosophy

512 pages, Hardcover

First published January 1, 2014

About the author

Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche was a German classical scholar, philosopher, and critic of culture, who became one of the most influential of all modern thinkers. He began his career as a classical philologist before turning to philosophy. He became the youngest person to hold the Chair of Classical Philology at the University of Basel in 1869 at the age of 24, but resigned in 1879 due to health problems that plagued him most of his life; he completed much of his core writing in the following decade. In 1889, at age 44, he suffered a collapse and afterward a complete loss of his mental faculties, with paralysis and probably vascular dementia. He lived his remaining years in the care of his mother until her death in 1897 and then with his sister Elisabeth Förster-Nietzsche. Nietzsche died in 1900, after experiencing pneumonia and multiple strokes.
Nietzsche's work spans philosophical polemics, poetry, cultural criticism, and fiction while displaying a fondness for aphorism and irony. Prominent elements of his philosophy include his radical critique of truth in favour of perspectivism; a genealogical critique of religion and Christian morality and a related theory of master–slave morality; the aesthetic affirmation of life in response to both the "death of God" and the profound crisis of nihilism; the notion of Apollonian and Dionysian forces; and a characterisation of the human subject as the expression of competing wills, collectively understood as the will to power. He also developed influential concepts such as the Übermensch and his doctrine of eternal return. In his later work, he became increasingly preoccupied with the creative powers of the individual to overcome cultural and moral mores in pursuit of new values and aesthetic health. His body of work touched a wide range of topics, including art, philology, history, music, religion, tragedy, culture, and science, and drew inspiration from Greek tragedy as well as figures such as Zoroaster, Arthur Schopenhauer, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Richard Wagner, Fyodor Dostoevsky, and Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.
After his death, Nietzsche's sister Elisabeth became the curator and editor of his manuscripts. She edited his unpublished writings to fit her German ultranationalist ideology, often contradicting or obfuscating Nietzsche's stated opinions, which were explicitly opposed to antisemitism and nationalism. Through her published editions, Nietzsche's work became associated with fascism and Nazism. 20th-century scholars such as Walter Kaufmann, R.J. Hollingdale, and Georges Bataille defended Nietzsche against this interpretation, and corrected editions of his writings were soon made available. Nietzsche's thought enjoyed renewed popularity in the 1960s and his ideas have since had a profound impact on 20th- and early 21st-century thinkers across philosophy—especially in schools of continental philosophy such as existentialism, postmodernism, and post-structuralism—as well as art, literature, music, poetry, politics, and popular culture.

Reviews

[Ary Ayala · Rating 4 out of 5]

Creo que sería conveniente tener alguna noción de la literatura griega, pero las notas ayudan bastante.
Nietzsche hace hincapié en la necesidad de retomar la dualidad en el arte, lo dinisiaco/apolineo como lo era en la Antigua Grecia ya que eso permite al hombre cconectarse con la naturaleza.
También, Nietzsche hace un acercamiento a su pensamiento en cuanto a la cultura, la música, la sociedad y la religión.
Los temas que más me interesaron personalmente son los referentes a la justicia, la moral y la soledad.

[Jorge Tapia · Rating 4 out of 5]

Es la primera vez que leo a Nietzsche y agradezco haber empezado con estos tres textos. Su forma de exponer sus ideas mediante el uso de aforismos, lo dota de una singular exposición. Algunos textos son complejos, pero tienen la particularidad de dejarte pensando y sacar tus propias conclusiones, quizá en algún momento lo vuelva a retomar cuando transite al conocimiento de la literatura griega.

[Leonor Ramírez · Rating 4 out of 5]

Ensayo oscuro que aborda la interpretación de la tragedia antigua Griega y la influencia. Propone llegar al uno originario desde la perspectiva de lo dionisiaco y lo apolíneo.

[Pablo · Rating 4 out of 5]

Muy interesante disertación sobre las artes apolíneas y las dionisíacas, sobre la razón y los sentimientos, y cómo Sócrates fue el gran destructor con su maximalismo de la razón.

[Luigi Galicia · Rating 4 out of 5]

leer a Nietzsche debería ser obligatorio para cualquier artista. Un escalón imposible de saltar en la búsqueda de la verdadera expresión estética, en busca de lo sublime