Every once in a while, an important book is published, which reflects upon parts of society that are often hidden from the Western world. Yes, I am sure that we are all familiar with the conflict in Syria, which has been ongoing for years, but we rarely get to see what the situation is like for the civilians who call the country home. The Raqqa Diaries: Escape from "Islamic State" does just this; it gives an insight, through the eyes of a Syrian man in his early twenties, of exactly what living under so-called Islamic State (also referred to as both Daesh and IS in this review) is like, and the hatred which they spread into all corners of society.
John Humphrys writes that The Raqqa Diaries 'should be compulsory reading for all who care about the horror of Syria', and Hilary Benn states that it is: 'Remarkable... We owe it to the author - and to all those who have died - to read his account of the evil cruelty of Daesh and the horrors of the Syrian civil war'.
Since so-called Islamic State occupied the Syrian city of Raqqa, journalists were forbidden, and the penalty 'for speaking to the Western media is death by beheading'. The BBC, after much effort, finally managed to make contact with a small activist group named Al-Sharqiya 24, of which the anonymous author "Samer" is a member. Samer is 'fighting back the only way he can; by telling the world what is happening to his beloved city.' BBC Foreign Affairs Correspondent Mike Thomson's introduction to the volume reflects thus: 'What followed [making contact with Samer] is an extraordinary and chilling insight into how the brutality and injustices perpetrated by IS permeates almost every level of life in its now infamous capital.' Once recorded by Samer, the diary was encrypted and sent to an intermediary country, 'before being passed on to the BBC'. The communications network in Raqqa has largely been cut off, and there is little access for its civilians to the outside world: 'Their entire presence would provide journalists with an alternative narrative, dilute the effectiveness of Daesh propaganda and expose its lies.' They cannot even keep up with the news in their own country, as much about the war is blocked, and not reported upon.
Samer's narrative begins in March 2013, at a pivotal moment at which the rebels have taken over Raqqa. At first, this seems relatively hopeful to Samer, as he wants to be freed from Assad's regime. However, he soon begins to worry about the presence of Daesh and the Al-Nusra Front in proceedings. Daesh soon defeats the Free Syrian Army in the region, and takes over the city of Raqqa itself: 'Daesh members came in two basic types. Those who actually believe they have come to save us were amongst the first to enter the city; the second type are much more violent.'
The Raqqa Diaries is an important and insightful account of extremist views, and what it is like for ordinary citizens to have to live under often bizarre rules, which they can be punished severely for breaking. A rule is imposed, for instance, which states that all men have to wear their trousers above ankle length. The punishment for this is to undergo 'a week-long Sharia course'. Samer views such rulings as 'committing crimes against our beloved religion', and goes on to say: 'That is a terrible offence, because Islam is the most precious thing we have, a glimpse of light in these very dark times.'
The Raqqa Diaries is told in short bursts; all are shocking, and many heartbreaking, and demonstrate both the brutality of so-called Islamic state, and Samer's bravery. He thoughtfully shows that Western intervention is not always welcome within Syria; when the Russians stage an air strike 'supposedly targeting terrorists', he writes of the huge human cost: 'Isn't the terrorism on the ground enough? Now you bring it from the skies as well.' The Raqqa Diaries is incredibly human in this, and many other ways; it is both poignant and relatable. Samer speaks about studying, falling in love, and his dreams of living abroad. Of course, we live in relative safety in the West, and have freedom, but we have so much in common with Samer - our hopes, our dreams, and our compassion are based upon the same foundations, and our love for our people and our country is really no different to his. Of his patriotism in the face of warfare, Samer writes: 'I felt a calling to serve the land that I had been raised to love and cherish. The needs of our country felt more important than our own individual welfare.' Thus, he echoes a lot of those soldiers from Western shores who fought in the First and Second World Wars, amongst others, doing so for the greater good.
Samer constantly balances his own experiences with those of others, writing: 'I try not to question the many terrible things that have happened to me, or think too much about them. I look at others around me. Some have been even less fortunate, their positions much worse than mine.'
Chilling and harrowing, The Raqqa Diaries are a reflection upon the awful brutality which exists in the world which we all call home, and deserves to be read by everyone. It gives such insight into what it is like to be repressed. Samer demonstrates how Daesh became more powerful over time, and how their rule became even worse, staging public executions, where they behead all of those who fought for Assad. 'The aim,' Samer tells us, 'is to instill so much fear into the hearts of onlookers that nobody will dare to challenge their reign of terror.' The book is hard-hitting, and not for the fainthearted, but one cannot stress the important enough of being aware of such atrocities, and doing all we can to help those affected.