生き延びるための思想

by Chizuko Ueno

大義のために生きること、それはしばしば反転して「死ぬための思想」として機能してきた。女性も兵士となる権利をえるのが「平等」か、自爆テロや連合赤軍事件にかかわった女たちはどんな力学の中にいたのか―。「逃げよ、生き延びよ」と、弱者が弱者のままに生きられる社会のためのメッセージをこめた論考群。東日本大震災後の東京大学最終講義等も収録した新版。

Genres: Feminism

416 pages, Paperback

Published October 10, 2012

About the author

Chizuko Ueno is a Japanese sociologist and Japan's "best-known feminist".

Her research field includes feminist theory, family sociology, and women's history. She is best known for her contribution to gender studies in Japan. As a public intellectual, she played a central role in creating the field of gender studies in Japanese academia. At the same time, her radical tendency and strong character has invited criticism (she described herself as "critical, assertive, and disobedient").

Ueno is a trenchant critic of postwar revisionism and criticizes the whitewashing of Japanese history, which she claims attempts to justify its colonialism, wartime atrocities, and racism both before and after World War II. In particular, she has defended the compensation of Korean comfort women who were forced into prostitution by the Empire of Japan.

Reviews

[Emily · Rating 5 out of 5]

Insightful feminist work from Ueno, exploring topics such as women in war, citizenship, nationalism, colonialism, capitalism, Okinawa, Fukushima, Grenada, Korea. Especially interesting was her pointed analysis of the two types of state sanctioned violence, relating policing and military in the public domain to domestic abuse in the private domain. The recurring theme of her commentary is the view that feminism isn’t about bringing women to the privileged position that men occupies (where they can exert power or violence towards other underprivileged groups), is instead about creating a society where any underprivileged individual can live with dignity. Her rigor as well as her deep compassion shine through this work, and I have so much respect for her. I wish her body of work could be translated into English soon, as it resonates with and answers questions I encounter in America and Australia.

[Zhen · Rating 5 out of 5]

向既有的价值发起挑战，完整而自洽，非常精彩。

[Hazel P · Rating 5 out of 5]

“对于英雄主义和向“非日常”的趋同心理，田中这样谈道，“革命同法西斯主义仅有一线之隔。在非日常的空间之中，它们是两个极端，都想要把生命最大限度地燃烧殆尽”。”

和贝尔胡克斯《All About Love》与《The Will To Change: Men, Masculinity, and Love》同时读，让我对“女性主义所追求的并不是与男性一样”有了更好的理解。

也感谢作者在民族主义，是否存在正义的暴力的问题上的分析。“既要反对恐怖主义，又要反对战争”，听上去是难以实现的事，但女性主义的可贵价值就在于给予我们新的视角和语言去大胆设想一个更好的世界。

阅读上野千鹤子，也让我体会到作为双语使用者的好处，上野在开篇提到文明是一个法国国家主义词汇，并分析了“公民”一词的局限性，这样的观点是大部分时间都在读英文作品的我不会见到的。殖民主义此前于我只是一个词汇和面目模糊的概念，而作者结合历史的分析让我对“文明化”有了新的理解。

我们为什么要反对父权呢？支持女性主义究竟对我们有什么好处呢？上野最后提到，寿命的增长使我们一生并不总在走“上坡路”，而对养老的思考，会让我们更体味女性主义的益处 - 一种能让弱者以弱者的姿态生存的思想。而贝尔胡克斯在她的作品中，则提到只有走出父权制的谎言，我们才能与我们内心的情感直接接触，才能真正地爱与被爱。

而只有基于爱的价值革命，才能终结男性暴力（“Only a revolution of values in our nation will end male violence, and that revolution will necessarily be based on a love ethic”）。胡克斯在《The Will To Change》中，也分析了父权制如何压制男性的情感表达，使“愤怒”成为父权制中唯一被认可的情感表现，而男性因无法抒发对爱与情感表达的渴求，转向暴力，以回避情感无以抒发、不得认可的现实。

“I think the reason that men are so very violent is that they know, deep in themselves, that they’re acting out a lie, and so they’re furious at being caught up in the lie." (pg4) ...they're homesick for the truth, and the truth is men are longing for love. This is the longing feminist thinkers must dare to examine, explore, and talk about.”

本书并不是轻松读物，但每页纸张都极具分量。我也发觉作为读者，读到作者反复强调女性主义是“弱者的思想”时，这不能使我清晰地从中捕捉到加入女性主义、转变思维方式的鼓励信号。因此也在此推荐贝尔胡克斯的书籍 —— 为了爱，成为女性主义的一员。

[Noonelh · Rating 5 out of 5]

这本书实在是太让我惊喜了，民族主义卷土重来的今天，以女性主义的视角再次思考战争与和平的意义却得到了这样振聋发聩的回答：“如果我们的目的是将私领域的暴力全部铲除，为什么就不能一并铲除公领域的暴力呢？”
尤其喜欢在书最后的解题部分提到的“海啸来临各自逃命”，这句话其实并不是什么对人的不信任，而是包含着对他人的信赖，相信我们一定可以再活着相见，女性主义正是一种为“逃出去，活下去”而想办法的学问。
另外我个人很感兴趣的其实是第一部分论述的那些概念：公私领域的暴力结构与父权结构以及民族主义与女性主义与民族主义的关系。前段时间简体中文互联网上还出现了拒绝承认女性是弱者的热潮，作为中国人这些概念和观点给了我很多反思和一个更全面的视角。绝对是今年阅读过的最棒的一本书。 不知后面有没有机会看到日本网友和美国网友对这本书的评价，哈哈。appreciate everything about this book.❤️

[Kathy Li · Rating 3 out of 5]

接受弱者以弱者的姿态存在。

[Yilin Wong]

最近在和一些女性主義者合作的時候覺得我們還是太不一樣了.我不覺得女性天生應該表達更多的感情, 所謂母系氏族,and i want answers