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288 pages, Paperback
First published September 19, 2017
싸움, 간통, 살인, 도둑, 구걸, 징역, 이 세상의 모든 비극과 활극의 근원지인, 칠성문 밖 빈민굴로 오기 전까지는, 복녀의 부처는,(사농공상의 제 이 위에 드는) 농민이었었다. (Modern Korean - although even here there are multiple historic version, also making use of Chinese characters, and indeed the inclusion or otherwise of 'begging' in the different versions, likely reflects different sources)See the Review of Korean Studies paper 'Comparative Analysis of Four English Translations of “Gamja” by Kim Dong-in' by Sohn Tae-soo for more details (book.aks.ac.kr/lib/down2.asp?idx=929), albeit this predates this Jung translation.
Fighting, adultery, murder, begging, imprisonment,- the slums outside the Ch'ilssŏng Gate were the point of origin for all of life's tragedies and conflicts. Pongnyŏ and her husband were farmers - the second in class ranking (scholar, farmer, artisan, and tradesman). (Jung 2017)
Before they moved to the slums outside the Gate of Seven Stars—the epicenter of all the vices and tragedies of the world: fighting, adultery, murder, robbery, beggary and imprisonment—Poknyo, like her husband,had belonged to the respectable caste of farmer, which ranked just below the gentry and above the artisans and merchants in the social hierarchy. (Kang 2000)
Squabbling, adultery, murder, theft and imprisonment—all these things happened every day in this slum clustered around the Ch’ils̆ong Gate. Before Pok-nyŏ and her husband moved to this place, they lived among farmers who till and hoe the field all day long. (Chin 1970)
Fighting, adultery, murder, theft, prison confinement—the shanty area outside the Seven Star Gate was a breeding ground for all that is tragic and violent in this world. Up to the time of coming there, Pok-nyŏ and her husband belonged to the second of the four traditional classes—scholar, farmer, tradesman, merchant—they were farmers. (O’Rourke 1981 - see http://www.korean.arts.ubc.ca/b_tb/tb...)
Strife, adultery, murder, thievery, begging, imprisonment— the slums outside the Ch’ilsŏng Gate of P’yongyang were a breeding ground for all the tragedy and violence of this world. Until Pongnyŏ and her husband moved there they had been farmers, the second of the four classes (scholars, farmers, artisans, and merchants) of society. (Rosenberg and Lee 1974)
그날부터 복녀도 '일 안하고 품삯 많이 받는 인부'의 한 사람으로 되었다.
복녀의 도덕관 내지 인생관은, 그때부터 변하였다.
그는 아직껏 딴 사내와 관계를 한다는 것을 생각하여본 일도 없었다. 그것은 사람의 일이 아니요, 짐승의 하는 짓쯤으로만 알고 있었다. 혹은 그런 일을 하면 탁 죽어지는지도 모를 일로 알았다.
그러나 이런 이상한 일이 어디 다시 있을까. 사람인 자기도 그런 일을 한 것을 보면, 그것은 결코 사람으로 못할 일이 아니었었다. 게다가 일 안하고도 돈 더 받고, 긴장된 유쾌가 있고, 빌어먹는 것보다 점잖고… 일본말로 하자면 '삼 박자(拍子)' 같은 좋은 일은 이것뿐이었었다. 이것이야말로 삶의 비결이 아닐까. 뿐만 아니라, 이 일이 있은 뒤부터, 그는 처음으로 한 개 사람이 된 것 같은 자신까지 얻었다.
그 뒤부터는, 그의 얼굴에는 조금씩 분도 바르게 되었다.
Pongnyŏ became one of those women who did not work but collected a higher wage. Pongnyŏ's outlook on life and morals also changed.
Up to this point, she'd never considered having sex with another man. That wasn't the sort of thing a person does. It was only fit for animals. She also thought that if she did such a strange thing she'd drop dead on the spot. But life was indeed strange. Even as a person, she found that she was capable of such business. It wasn't out of bounds for her. On top of that, she didn't work but made more money and experienced increased pleasure, it was easier than begging ... Like the Japanese saying, it contained the joy of three beats, and there was nothing like it. This was the life wasn't it? Not only that, but after this incident, she found a confidence in herself as a human being for the first time. She even began to wear a bit of powder on her face.
She came to the unpleasant conclusion that she would never be treated as a complete person. The patrons looked down on kiseangs condescendingly as lovable animals. Her parents looked on her as a gold mine that brought in income. Christians looked upon her as though she were the devil. Moralists looked upon her as a wicked being. Children teased her, calling her a doormat.At the pivotal moment, two clients have a similar conversation in front of her in Japanese, not realising she can understand, and it doesn't seem too fanciful to interpret the story as a metaphor for Korea's own fate during Japanese colonial rule.