A good biography of a wrier is like having another book by that writer. Jonathan Blunk’s biography of the indispensable American poet James Wright is such a book, bringing us closer to an unreachable man.
Some of Blunk’s revelations are startling, including Wright’s probable erotic involvement with Anne Sexton. I was particularly astonished to learn that three of Wright’s best known poems were all written during a single month, September 1960: “Autumn Begins in Martin’s Ferry, Ohio,” “Lying in a Hammock at William Duffy’s Farm in Pine Island, Minnesota,” and the surely immortal “A Blessing.”
Blunk is at his sharpest in the sentence that immediately follows his full quotation of “Lying in a Hammock at William Duffy’s Farm in Pine Island, Minnesota”: “The startling impression originally made by this poem is hard to recapture, now that its sensibility and strategies have been so widely assimilated.”
In discussing Wright’s poem “The Journey,” Blunk writes: “In quoting Jesus’ admonition, Wright roughens the poem’s diction. translating the Gospels into Southern Ohioan.” (The admonition referred to is “Let the dead bury the dead.”)
Once again we confront the deep emotional conflict that can result in some of the most sublime poetry. Some graduate student might consider exploring this phenomenon in the lives and poetry of Wright and James Schuyler. In Wright, the conflict shows. In Schuyler, it never shows, even after we know of it, at least for this reader.
The underside of it all, at least with Wright, is sometimes operatic. The alcoholic Wright arrives at the three poems cited above after spending time away from his wife and sons at Robert Bly’s farm with Bly, his then wife Carol and other visiting poets. Then comes this:
“When Wright spent a(nother) weekend with the Blys in early October, he recounted Liberty’s (his soon to be estranged first wife) bitter remark as he left: ‘They think you’re something, but they don’t know you like I do.’ In a blind rage, she had struck him repeatedly with the steel handlebars from a broken bicycle. That November, Liberty finally agreed to speak to her priest about a divorce.”
Blunk quotes generously from Wright’s work, and where he only refers to a poem, you’re free to turn to the Collected Poems and experience or re-experience the poem for yourself. Page 284 of the biography is blessed with the opening of Wright’s “The First Days”:
“The first thing I saw in the morning
Was a huge golden bee ploughing
His burly right shoulder into the belly
Of a sleek yellow pear
Low on the bough.”
You will quarrel with Wright now and then, but you cannot quarrel with that. Shoulder and belly, yes.
It’s notable how often Wright’s most striking moments involve living things other than us. Other examples: those memorable horses in “A Blessing,” that Botticellian turtle in This Journey, and this in his response to poems by his young son Franz:
“I especially value the startling one about the wolf-spider. Did I ever tell you about the spider I found on a country road, just outside the very old town of Anghiari in Italy? The town itself is medieval, sloping down a very steep hill and suddenly sweeping out to the edge of a steep cliff at the bottom of the town. Annie and I had climbed the hill behind the town and found ourselves in a strange Tuscan countryside. Wind had been blowing across hilltops for days, and everything was covered with dust — everything, including several small children whom we met along the road, strolling along and carrying a little caged bird. We sat to rest in some dusty brushwood by the roadside, and I looked into a spiderweb between bushes. It positively sagged with dust. And as I watched, a slim, brilliantly yellow spider stepped out of her doorway in the center of the web. In all that dust she was amazing: she was totally untouched by the smallest speck, as though she had just gone inside and taken a shower.”
(The Wrights are the only American father and son both of whom have won a Pulitzer Prize in the same category, poetry.)
The passage above later gets reworked into a poem. As a poet, Wright drew heavily from his own letters and journals, sometimes with much revision, sometimes with little.
Downers abound throughout this biography, but there’s the other side as when in 1978 Wright writes to Donald Hall: “I had my coffee, my Perrier, and my notebook, and my God I was happy. I felt like Thoreau and e. e. cummings rolled into one fat Ohioan.”
At the heart of this book is a complex, troubled and moving love story (It arrives in the nick of time, for Wright and for the reader) — the relationship between Wright and his second wife Anne, who entered his life fully aware of his chronic alcoholism and other difficulties.
This is probably not a book for the general reader. But if you have read and admired Wright’s work and are familiar with other poets of his time, it’s a compelling and rewarding read. And Blunk, while being admirably thorough, never oversteps the biographer’s role. He’s not a biographer who’s going to try to tell you what Hart Crane was thinking when he jumped from the deck of the Orizaba into the Gulf of Mexico.
The portrait on the front of the dust jacket is by Thomas Victor, who has done definitive portraits of many writers. I lack the technical knowledge to say what makes his portraits so special: I just know that Victor somehow seems to get inside his subject.