For what it attempts to do, this book is quite good. Whether what the book is attempting to do is worth pursuing in great detail is another matter, but I hope it is and I will see as I go back to reading some more Kafka.
The point to note here is that Kafka had a day job. It was not just any day job however, but a specialized and relatively high level position as what we would today call an actuary for an Institute concerned with the implementation of mandatory workman’s insurance in the pre-WW1 Austrian Empire. This involves formadible legal, economic, statistical, and political skills in situations of great conflict at a time when the Empire and the entire European world appeared to be going to hell. The question is then whether Kafka’s office writings might shed some light on his mysterious and influential fiction writing which has established a distinct and troubling perspective for viewing the bureaucratic soul killing view of modernity that seems as relevant today as when Kafka wrote.
For anyone who has spent time reading, writing, and generally working through bureaucratic memos, legal briefs, or academic papers, it will not be surprising to learning that this book is not an easy read, or even an easy slog. Still, the world of insurance regulation in pre-WW1 Austria seems primed to provide the conflicts, tensions, and paradoxes that have been associated with Kafka. To start with, there is the contrast between the “real world” of particular situations and cases and the regulatory world of categories and statistical likelihoods. Employers and employees work in the real world while regulation and adjudication occurs in the abstract world of bureaucratic regulations and court cases. Then there is the world of politics versus administration. On the one hand, bureaucracies are meant to be “rational” (goal directed in a variety of ways) while at the top one finds battles over conflicting goals and scarce resources - “rational” perhaps in some sense but not obviously to an observer or someone adversely affected. Then you have the various other boxes to which individuals may be assigned to bureaucratic processes - economic (labor or management) or various ethnic and linguistic categories (German, Czech, Slovak, Jewish, Polish). In a polyglot empire, how does one get everyone involved to even speak the same language? One can even sense the inroads of technological change, as mention is provided of new office equipment or new machines like elevators or automobiles (how does one insure those things?). I have not event mentioned that the Empire is going to be subjected to the trauma of WW1 and eventually disintegrate as the war drew to a close.
If this was all that the book provided, it would be a lot of work to come to the conclusion that the organizational world in which Kafka worked and about which he wrote when he went home was quite complex. OK, but this would be hardly surprising. The editors of the collection do a good job in pointing out how Kafkaesque situations arise in these situations because they are highly contested by parties pursuing different objectives and who see the world in very different ways. Some employers do not want to pay their fair share in insurance premia. Complaints and court cases are contested and the parties involved come up with their own stories to support their positions for a common set of “facts” that support a situation. Distorting the world becomes a part of the game in which words become weapons and in which the consequences of losing are catastrophic. Get caught in the middle of such a multi-party contest and none of the stories at issue will necessarily match “the real world” and the person in the middle will be lost and confused and start looking to Kafka for guidance.
This is all well and good, but do any of these documents relate directly to Kafka’s works? My fear was that the linkages would be indirect at best, but the editors were extremely helpful at pointing the reader to various Kafka short stories and to key elements of his larger works (the Castle, the Trial, America). This is very helpful for following up. That is what I hope to do now - start the third volume of the Stach biography and look harder at The Trial and Amerika.
I think this collection will prove helpful.