The 1960s was a decade of extreme political turmoil in West Bengal, India. West Bengal, the state that had started with the highest GDP among all Indian states immediately after independence, was on a downward spiral in terms of almost everything in less than two decades. This period saw an armed movement by a group with extreme leftist ideology (Maoism; still prevalent in many parts of India). Countless school and college students, moved by the ideology and the promise of a Utopian society free of discrimination, joined the movement. Known as the Naxalite movement (after the place Nakshalbari in North Bengal where this movement started), this movement and the successive measures taken by Government to repress it, maimed an entire generation of the brightest, freshest young minds of West Bengal. West Bengal burned severely in the fire started by the Naxalite movements. The state and its residents suffer from the aftermath of the 70's till this day.
"Hajar Churashir Ma (Mother of 1084)" is set in the backdrop of this devastating inferno. It portrays a day in the life of Sujata, an educated, sophisticated middle-aged woman who is a bank employee, wife of a rich businessman and mother of four. This day is the second death anniversary of her youngest son Broti. Despite being born in a "have-it-all" family, Broti identified with the have-nots and wanted to make a better world where everybody were truly equals. Broti took active part in the Naxalite movement. While delivering a message to four friends and co-rebels, Broti, along with those four friends, was killed by an anti-Naxalite mob of citizens. His father, elder brother and sisters were more concerned about hiding the news of Broti's involvement in the movement, than mourning him. This shattered the bereaved mother Sujata's heart. She did all her mourning for Broti in private, away from the eyes of her unfeeling, unsympathetic, selfish family. She could however never understand why her son chose this path. She felt as if she never truly knew her youngest child, whom she adored the most. Through the events on his second death anniversary, and by meeting Broti's friend Somu's mother and Broti's lover Nandini, Sujata gradually came to know and understand Broti's ideology, beliefs and the sources thereof. After two years of mourning, Sujata finally felt closest to her son's spirit. The story ended on a tragic note when Sujata at last let go of the restraints on her grief and openly mourned her son for the first time since his death, and her husband misunderstood her expression of terrible agony as pain caused by a ruptured appendix.
As I mentioned earlier, almost an entire generation was either killed or maimed in the aftermath of the Naxalite movement. Some of the extreme Naxals killed so-called bourgeois (industrialists, landlords, otherwise rich people, police, right-wing politicians - you name it). In response, the state police force and in some cases ordinary citizens killed Naxalites, often brutally. On both sides, many innocent ones like Broti were killed. In police records Broti was the thousand-and-eighty-fourth Naxal killed. A bright student of twenty two, with his eyes full of dreams of a better world and his heart filled with love for humankind, was reduced to a number while his brutally beaten up, bruised body burned away in the crematorium.
"Hajar Churashir Ma" is open in its criticism against the brutality of the Govt. and the police in thwarting the Naxalite movement. It does not however tell the other side of the story, which can mislead a reader unfamiliar of the historical background. It is true that the Naxals were killing people and destroying public property. But that does not give the State the right to kill them without trial and in fake encounters. The law is same for every citizen. Some people are not less equal than others. The flaws in the social and economical system that gave rise to the movement in the first place, were completely valid, and sadly remains to be so till date. However, that does not justify the path of violence, often targeting people just because they were not from the poor labour class. At the same time, some Naxalites being violent killers does not justify the no-trial shoot-at-sight spree of the police. The Naxalite movement primarily gained popularity among students because of the mistrust towards establishment, towards the hypocrisy and lack of integrity of the privileged, the so-called "elite"class of society. Ironically, their downfall came mostly because of their blind trust towards everybody who joined them. Taking advantage of the vulnerability, the Govt. had infiltrated the Naxlas with spies. The tip off from such a spy caused the exposure and killing of Broti and his four friends.
While reading and empathizing with the bereaved mother Sujata, I could not help grieving the immense loss of everyone. Many of the Naxalites who were not killed, lost organs and normal function of body and mind due to brutal torture in police custody. One cannot start to fathom the loss of the friends and families of the deceased ones on both sides. As a whole, the society not only lost some of its brightest mind, but the method applied by the govt. to stop the rebellion probably instilled enough fear in the upcoming generations not to question authority and think of anything beyond their agenda of personal gain. I am not preaching. I am a member of the subsequent selfish - or rather - indifferent generation. We have stopped caring. Can there be anything more sad than that? The movement and it's repression ended in a lose-lose situation for both the rebels and the society.
The author Mahashweta Devi was once an ever-present voice to plead the case of the subaltern, the underprivileged. At one place in the book she criticizes the intellectuals of that time, for being neutral at the moment of crisis: "Jara merudondohin, subidhabadi - hawa badal bujhe mat badlano shilpi sahityik buddhijibi.." (those who are spineless opportunists, the artists, litterateurs, intellectuals who change opinion per convenience). How ironic and sad it is that now the same Mahashweta Devi has become exactly this. Those who are familiar with the present sociopolitical scenario of West Bengal, will understand what I mean.
Summary: A heart-wrenching tale of a bereaved mother's journey of understanding her deceased son's ideology, and coming to terms with his death and her own grief. Neither is this book a literary masterpiece, nor does it offer, in terms of facts and events, anything new about the Naxalite movement. However, the reader can fully empathize with the protagonist and accompany her on her journey. Before reading the book one must be familiar with the political history of West Bengal during the 1960s and 70s, because the book tells only one side of the story (the other side being out of the scope of this book).