"About the middle of the nineteenth century … the order of unchangeableness [in Sweden] was shaken to its very foundations…. [To] a new generation, able to read, came the printed word with tales of a land far away, a land which emerged from the mists of the saga and took on the clearing, tempting aspects of reality.
"The new land had soil without tillers and called for tillers without soil. It opened invitingly for those who longed for a freedom denied them at home. The urge to emigrate stirred in the landless, in the debt-bound, the suppressed and the discontented…. Others wanted to escape entanglements and dilemmas in the old country. They emigrated, not to something but from something. Many, and widely different, were the answers to the question: Why?" – Vilhelm Moberg, Introduction to The Emigrants
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THE EMIGRANTS
The Emigrants, the first of Moberg’s tetralogy about Swedish emigration to the United States during the mid-nineteenth century, is the story of a group of people from the province of Smaland who made the decision to emigrate. Moberg intended his characters to serve as symbolic representations of the various reasons that compelled Swedes to pull up stakes and leave their homeland.
The first half of the book is a recounting of the lives of the main characters and the circumstances that led each of them to take the drastic step of forsaking their native country and sailing to a new land.
Karl Oscar Nilsson had inherited a small parcel of land, but the soil was thin and rocky and he had to heavily mortgage the farm in order to survive bad crop years. He was a hard worker but that has never been a guarantee of prosperity. And in his case no matter how hard he and his wife Kristina labored, the family continuously faced hard times and even famine.
Karl Oskar wanted to live in a land where the sweat of his brow would reap some economic benefit. Emigration to America, he believed, would allow him to provide a better life for his wife and their three small children.
Robert Nilsson, Karl Oscar’s younger brother, as the second son of a farmer, had no prospects of inheriting any of the small holdings of his family. Emigration represented his chance to escape his life of drudgery as an indentured farmhand.
Danjel Andreasson, Kristina’s maternal uncle, had been banished from Sweden due to his religious beliefs. The powerful state Lutheran church was intolerant of any and all dissent in religious matters -- and Danyel was a dissenter.
He viewed America as a place where he and his family would have the freedom to worship as they pleased.
Jonas Petter Albrektsson had an altogether different reason for wanting to leave Sweden. He felt trapped in an unhappy marriage at a time when divorce simply was not an option.
Ulrika of Vastergohl was a former prostitute who was looking to escape her past and to start a new life along with her teen-aged daughter, Elin.
THE VOYAGE TO AMERICA
The second half of the book details the trials and tribulations of the horrendous ten week voyage from the southern tip of Sweden to New York, which was finally reached in the midsummer of 1850. During the voyage some of the emigrants suffered from sea sickness so severe that it made them wish they could die and, even worse, the disease of scurvy did cause a number of deaths.
VILHELM MOBERG (1898-1973)
Vilhelm Moberg was a journalist, author, playwright, and historian who identified with the dispossessed and the impoverished and he wrote about their traditions, their customs, and their struggles to survive another day. He shared the grievances of his main characters in The Emigrants and he sympathized with their wishes to seek a better life in a new land.
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"'Hot-tempered, easily moved, and changeable' was how the Swedish novelist Vilhelm Moberg once described himself. He might have added that in the first half of the twentieth century he was both the most widely admired and the most deeply distrusted of all Swedish authors. A man of humble origins but immense ambition and strong opinions, Moberg spent his entire literary life championing the rights of common people. This tendency, combined with his volatile temperament, earned Moberg a deep, abiding respect from critics, politicians, and religious leaders.” – Roger McKnight, Gustavus Adolphus College
Thanks, Diane. I am looking forward to reading the other three books in the series.