Defterler 1914-1916

by Ludwig Wittgenstein, Ali Utku (Translator)

Wittgenstein’ın değişmez çalışma tarzı ve yazma biçimi, küçük yaşlardan itibaren geliştirdiği, zamanla yetkinlik kazanan defter tutma alışkanlığına dayanır. Giderek öbeklenecek sorun odakları seçerek bunlar üzerine düşünümlerini sistemsiz biçimde önce cebinde taşıdığı küçük defterlere not olarak düşen Wittgenstein, arkasından bunları daha kapsamlı biçimde ama yine –“değiniler” adını verdiği– kısa paragraflar halinde büyük, ciltli defterlere aktarırdı. Daha sonra bu notlar üzerinde çalışarak manüskriler oluştururdu. Ekleme, çıkarma, düzeltme ve yeniden ifade etme yoluyla metnin arzu ettiği düzeye gelmesini sağlardı.

Bu aşamalı yazım sürecinin tipik ürünü Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus’taki düşüncelerin geliştirildiği önhazırlık notlarını içeren defterlerden bir kısmı, Wittgenstein’ın ölümünden sonra, Defterler 1914-1916 başlığıyla yayınlanmıştır. Tractatus kısa, aklı zorlayıp karıştıran ve dolayısıyla önsözünde Wittgenstein’a “burada bildirilen düşüncelerin doğruluğu bana sorgu-sual edilemez ve kesin-kes görünüyor” dedirtecek kadar kendinden emin bir kitaptır.

Oysa Defterler 1914-1916 incelendiğinde Wittgenstein’ın aynı konuları ele alış biçiminin daha uzun ve ayrıntılı olmasının yanı sıra, hem çatışkılı akıl yürütmelerde bulunduğu hem de şüphe içinde kıvrandığı görülür. Fakat defterlere taşınan düşünceler, temelde yatan bir mantığı (resim teorisi) yansıtır. Bu mantığın yeri doldurulamaz kesinliği birkaç yıl sonra kaleme alınan Tractatus’ta asıl biçimine kavuşacaktır.

Genres: Philosophy, Nonfiction, Classics, Biography, German Literature, Language, Unfinished

176 pages, Paperback

First published January 1, 1916

About the author

Ludwig Josef Johann Wittgenstein (Ph.D., Trinity College, Cambridge University, 1929) was an Austrian-British philosopher who worked primarily in logic, the philosophy of mathematics, the philosophy of mind, and the philosophy of language.

Described by Bertrand Russell as "the most perfect example I have ever known of genius as traditionally conceived, passionate, profound, intense, and dominating", he helped inspire two of the twentieth century's principal philosophical movements: the Vienna Circle and Oxford ordinary language philosophy. According to an end of the century poll, professional philosophers in Canada and the U.S. rank both his Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus and Philosophical Investigations among the top five most important books in twentieth-century philosophy, the latter standing out as "...the one crossover masterpiece in twentieth-century philosophy, appealing across diverse specializations and philosophical orientations". Wittgenstein's influence has been felt in nearly every field of the humanities and social sciences, yet there are widely diverging interpretations of his thought.

Reviews

[Juanjo · Rating 2 out of 5]

expected to find some insights into his views, his mental state, how he experienced war... turns out the answer to all three is philosophy and formal logic, the thing that compromises 95% of these notebooks; i find it really funny that's all he cared to write about but i only enjoy the contents for skimming through at best
his german would be easy enough to read (not understand) if it weren't for all the technical terms

[Safa Furkan · Rating 3 out of 5]

Kişisel notları zannetmiştim. Fakat felsefesi ile ilgili akıl yürütme notları.

[Michael · Rating 5 out of 5]

Though challenging for me because its subject matter is symbolic logic, Notebooks offers the reader an opportunity to experience Wittgenstein's interrogative technique for the philosophical problem of meaning. The experimentation of thought, the questioning that leads him beyond logic as a formal system (which can take care of itself), and the recurring interrogation of the meaning of logic that will be fully developed in the Tractatus and Philosophical Investigation are all present. As such, the Notebooks help to offer a more complete picture of how Wittgenstien thinks, the continuity of his thought, and how an open questioning of simple problems can lead to deeper insights. An excellent supporting work.

[Patrick Berzai · Rating 3 out of 5]

The book isn’t bad at all. However it is much if Wittgenstein’s personal journal during the Great War. It does have the embryonic beginnings of the Tractatus, including his reactions to Tolstoy’s “The Gospel in Brief”, Goethe and Nietszche.

However, most of the book is him complaining he can’t work, how much he doesn’t fit in with the grunts in the war, and records of him masturbating or not.

[nyaru · Rating 4 out of 5]

Nice supplements for understanding early Wittgenstein, or how his thought developed. It's mostly a sort of proto-Tractatus, though it gets pretty mystical near the end (similar to the actual Tractatus). You'd expect to see his reflections on the war in his private journals at least (since he was on the front at this time), but you're treated to none of that.


Some funny quotes:

"Life is serious, art is gay."

"It is one of the chief skills of the philosopher not to occupy himself with questions which do not concern him."

"(Here there is still a definite and decisive lack of clarity in my theory. Hence a certain feeling of dissatisfaction!)"

"(One of the most difficult of the philosopher's tasks is to find out where the shoe pinches.)"

"Don't worry about what you have already written. Just keep on
beginning to think afresh as if nothing at all had happened yet."

"(One often tries to jump over too wide chasms of thought and then falls in.)"

[Arda ÖS · Rating 4 out of 5]

Defterler, kesinlikle 'Acaba neyi nasıl düşünmüş'ü görmek için okunabilecek bir eser. Dil konusunda Prof. seviyesinin bile çözümlemekte güçlük çekebileceği önermeler var. Bizim ipin kısa olmasından değil, kuyunun aşırı derin olmasından kaynaklı.

Bunlarla beraber, Wittgenstein tüm defterlerini yaktırmıştır. Bu, erken seviyede tuttuğu ve Rockefeller'ın elinde tuttuğu arşivlerden derlemedir.

[Ali · Rating 5 out of 5]

Bir kez seven için Wittgenstein okumak gerçekten çok keyifli. Defterler de diğer kitaplar ile bir bütün aslında. Bence Tractatus Logico haricinde diğer tüm kitaplarını istediğiniz sırayla ve hatta karışık olarak okuyabilirsiniz.

[Taleb Jaberi · Rating 5 out of 5]

Das Kunstwerk ist der Gegenstand sub specie aeternitatis gesehen; und das gute Leben ist die Welt sub specie aeternitatis. Dies ist der Zusammenhang zwischen Kunst und Ethik.

«اثر هنری دیدن شی از نگاه ابدیت است؛ و حیات نیکو، جهان از نگاه ابدیت است. وابستگی میان هنر و اخلاق این است»

[Coraline · Rating 5 out of 5]

Actually incredible. This guys minor stuff is more interesting than most philosophy

[Cyprien Saito · Rating 3 out of 5]

Please read my articles 2003-2005.

[Joel · Rating 5 out of 5]

If döbledutch were a book…

[Leonardo]

Wittgenstein denuncia al Dios de la guerra y al desierto de las cosas en el cual lo bueno y lo malo son ahora indistinguibles, situando al mundo en el límite de la subjetividad tautológica: “Aquí puede verse al solipsismo coincidir con el realismo puro, si se lo piensa bien”.

Imperio Pág.281

[Erik Graff · Rating 3 out of 5]

I read this, along with many other materials about the author, while working as a teaching assistant for Dr. William Ellos, S.J. at Loyola University Chicago, Wittgenstein having been the subject of his dissertation which I was editing.

[Sarah · Rating 5 out of 5]

Fascinating to read side by side with Tractatus; several sections correspond almost word for word. Also worth comparing with letters written to friends and family during same period, consideration of impact of wartime experience on the development on his philosophy.

[eric · Rating 4 out of 5]

Pre-Tractatus Wittgenstein. Good stuff.

[Ege]

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