Madrid. 17 cm. 204 p. Encuadernación en tapa blanda de editorial ilustrada. Colección 'El libro de bolsillo. Literatura'. Kafka, Franz ( 1883-1924). Indice .. Este libro es de segunda mano y tiene o puede tener marcas y señales de su anterior propietario. 8420613991
Prague-born writer Franz Kafka wrote in German, and his stories, such as "The Metamorphosis" (1916), and posthumously published novels, including The Trial (1925), concern troubled individuals in a nightmarishly impersonal world.
Jewish middle-class family of this major fiction writer of the 20th century spoke German. People consider his unique body of much incomplete writing, mainly published posthumously, among the most influential in European literature.
His stories include "The Metamorphosis" (1912) and "In the Penal Colony" (1914), whereas his posthumous novels include The Trial (1925), The Castle (1926) and Amerika (1927).
Despite first language, Kafka also spoke fluent Czech. Later, Kafka acquired some knowledge of the French language and culture from Flaubert, one of his favorite authors.
Kafka first studied chemistry at the Charles-Ferdinand University of Prague but after two weeks switched to law. This study offered a range of career possibilities, which pleased his father, and required a longer course of study that gave Kafka time to take classes in German studies and art history. At the university, he joined a student club, named Lese- und Redehalle der Deutschen Studenten, which organized literary events, readings, and other activities. In the end of his first year of studies, he met Max Brod, a close friend of his throughout his life, together with the journalist Felix Weltsch, who also studied law. Kafka obtained the degree of doctor of law on 18 June 1906 and performed an obligatory year of unpaid service as law clerk for the civil and criminal courts.
Writing of Kafka attracted little attention before his death. During his lifetime, he published only a few short stories and never finished any of his novels except the very short "The Metamorphosis." Kafka wrote to Max Brod, his friend and literary executor: "Dearest Max, my last request: Everything I leave behind me ... in the way of diaries, manuscripts, letters (my own and others'), sketches, and so on, [is] to be burned unread." Brod told Kafka that he intended not to honor these wishes, but Kafka, so knowing, nevertheless consequently gave these directions specifically to Brod, who, so reasoning, overrode these wishes. Brod in fact oversaw the publication of most of work of Kafka in his possession; these works quickly began to attract attention and high critical regard.
Max Brod encountered significant difficulty in compiling notebooks of Kafka into any chronological order as Kafka started writing in the middle of notebooks, from the last towards the first, et cetera.
Kafka wrote all his published works in German except several letters in Czech to Milena Jesenská.
A book must be like an axe to the frozen sea within us
The famous quote by Kafka is a perfect opener for The judgement, as he believed that literature can transform a person by opening him to depths of his inner self, the consciousness into which he may take plunge, only to find horrid self of him. Written over a single night with wild passion and unnerving revelation, the drama of father and son sends chilling waves right through your spine, set up a disturbing art, which is violent and unsettling, makes you uncomfortable, grabs you off guard but never leave you- that’s Kafka’s world to you. The punishment attending a failed bid to usurp authority, the brittle transition from vocal resistance to meek acceptance. What starts as an unassuming practically drowsy story of Georg's letter composing and choice to report his commitment to his removed companion in St. Petersburg, takes an abrupt and terrible turn when he talks about the letter and companion with his father. "Am I concealed at this point?" the dad inquires. "No!" he yells, losing the covers, remaining on the bed, whereupon he ridicules, disgraces, and fiercely dismantles his son. It occurs so all of a sudden that we as readers, similar to George the protagonist, are rattled and astonished.
The narrative moves like a hellish nightmare wherein Georg unremittingly tries to justifies his decision to not to invite his friend during his engagement. The narrative draws out all your sympathy towards the friend of Georg, however you could not really do anything about it, for his whole endeavor has been a failure. The man would stay away from all his acquaintances in far Russia, he would be as alienated here too due to unfortunate but cruel circumstances. However, what right others have got to guide him on his situation- why his existence lingers upon the wish of others, how inauthentic his existence might be. You may want to guide him and thereby to move narrative out of netherworld of antipathy, however you would be hesitant to do so, for it may not change anything at all or perhaps you don’t have any right to do so. Although alienation and loneliness distance you from your emotions, for your true emotions blurt out of your consciousness only when they get chance to simulated by your confidants, but they also helps you keep your gruesome sensations deeply buried in the unknown depth of your consciousness. However, if you doesn’t constrain your emotions, as Georg’s friend does not, you would be as unhappy in the company of your friends as you would be alone, for true emotions are unwanted and unwarranted in our society since they may disturb the precarious equilibrium of the society.
What could you say to a man like that, who had obviously lost his way, whom you might sympathize with, but could do nothing to help? Should you advise him to come home, to take up his old life here..
As you explore further, you discover the unrevealed corner of human psyche, you step in to soup of constant tussle between father and son. Wherein each of the players of the drama tries with his full might to twist the narrative to his own advantage. The father who feels undermined and tested by the more youthful age, who feels he is being uprooted and eventually supplanted, who doesn't feel regarded or appropriately thought about; and the son who has been picking up in power and impact, is going to be wed, and is prepared to expect a parental job towards his father. The pendulum of power keeps swinging between the son and father, both of who assert their whole beings in quashing the existence of the other, only to reveal a horrific tale of human existence wherein guilt, contemplation and disgust throw you off your so called morals. Kafka provides us with a state of mind, a progression, and a motivation, but not a philosophical underpinning, nor a moral assessment- that we are not told what ideals or worldview to embrace, nor on what psychological or religious bandwagons the story may be a passenger, in that regard it may be said to an existential tale of human emotions- a treatise about truth that changes according to emotions as both father and son use their own versions of truths to draw power from that.
You’ve come to talk to me about this matter, to get my advice. That does you credit, no question. But it means nothing, less than nothing, if you don’t tell me the complete truth now. I don’t want to stir up matters that don’t belong here. Since the death of your dear mother, there have been certainly unlovely developments. Perhaps the time has come to talk about them, a little earlier than we might have expected.
Like in most of the stories by Kafka, “The Judgement” is also characterized by careful and deliberate use of adjectives which give the narrative a sort of restraint as if it is being pulled forward by some unknown demonic force to produce a disquieting experience. It gives you a sense of illusion that Kafka’s stories make sense, even though their deepest psychological purpose is to offer the most oblique reflection possible on his personal occupation and travails. The stories of Kafka can’t be put in to typical genre of science fiction or fantasy, these stories are not stressed over sensible consistency or world-building, yet work in passionate and clairvoyant power. They are peppered with small details, where the truth of the story disintegrates around it and transforms itself with unforeseen rationale into something new. We are drawn into Kafka’s fictional world, where he breaks down the walls of typical realism (as we know it), sending us down into deeper psychological meanings where emotional pain and dislocated identities take over. The story could easily be said to one of the great and perfect works of poetic imagination drawn from the physic tussles of humanity.
There is no such thing which with the exception of Kafka's long lasting, profound situated, and enormous dread of his capricious father can represent its defense. It lifts the story's second half to the degree of a surrealism and along these lines a sanely mysterious bad dream. The extraordinarily short and thick language remains in repulsive difference to the prevailing subjects of nervousness and fate in Georg's distraught race to his demise. Like Georg Bendemann, Kafka was plagued by the discord between his vocation and his literary ambitions, as well as by his own ambivalence about marriage, which he believed offered the greatest happiness, but which he feared would stifle his creativity. The underlying tension of the story begins to show itself as you move through layers within layers and unwraps them, disguised domineeringly so a casual reader might miss it.
I am as I am, and that’s all there is to it, ‘he said to himself, ‘I can hardly take a pair of scissors to myself, and cut out a different person who might be a better friend of him.
"Es cierto que eras un niño inocente, pero mucho más cierto es que también fuiste un ser diabólico. Y por lo tanto escucha lo que te digo: ahora te condeno a morir ahogado".
Existen momentos estelares en la vida de los escritores. Momentos mágicos y únicos que rara vez vuelven a suceder. Instantes en los que la inspiración llega a raudales y se queda para que el autor logre plasmar lo que tanto anhela en poco tiempo y con niveles de perfección que rara vez vuelvan a pasar. Eso mismo le sucedió a Franz Kafka entre las diez de la noche del 22 de septiembre de 1912 y las seis de la mañana del 23. Ese suceso de creación artística se había instalado en su cabeza y tomando parte de una narración llamada “El mundo urbano” que había escrito en sus Diarios (situado entre las fechas del 21 de febrero y el 26 de marzo de 1911) se dispuso, máquina de escribir mediante, a teclear durante ocho horas sin comer ni descansar las ciento diez páginas este relato tan perfecto y auto biográfico; tal vez el que más hablaba de él y que involucraba lo que ya le sucedía en la tensa y conflictiva relación con su padre codificado en uno de los personajes más entrañables de su obra: Georg Bendemann. Tan extasiado estaba Kafka cuando terminó de escribir este relato, que anotó esa misma mañana el mágico y místico momento que había tenido durante su escritura: «Esta historia, La condena, la he escrito de un tirón durante la noche del 22 al 23 entre las diez de la noche y las seis de la mañana. Casi no podía sacar de debajo del escritorio mis piernas de estar tanto tiempo sentado. La terrible tensión y la alegría a medida que la historia iba desarrollándose delante de mí, a medida que iba abriéndome paso por sus aguas», para luego agregar: «Cómo empezó a azulear delante de la ventana. Pasó un carro. Dos hombres cruzaron el puente. En el momento en que la criada atravesó por primera vez la entrada, escribí la última frase… mi tembloroso entrar al cuarto de mis hermanas. Lectura. Antes, desperezarse delante de la criada y decir: “He estado escribiendo hasta ahora”. El aspecto de la cama sin tocar. Solo así es posible escribir, solo con esa cohesión, con esa total apertura de cuerpo y alma». Necesitaba imperiosamente leer el relato a sus hermanas como descargo y a modo de someterse a la rigurosidad crítica que él creía que emanaba de ellas. También se la lee a su amigo Oskar Baum o como no podía ser de otra manera a Max Brod. El 11 de febrero del año siguiente explica que esa historia «que como un auténtico parto, ha salido de mí cubierta de suciedad y mucosidades y yo soy el único cuya mano es capaz de llegar hasta su cuerpo y tiene ganas de hacerlo» porque sabe que este relato que es su creación, tiene posibilidades claras de ser publicado y así sucederá: primeramente se publicará en la revista Arkadia en 1913 y luego será editado en formato libro por Kurt Wolff en su editorial de Leipzig hacia 1916. Como se hace notar previamente, las características auto referenciales de Kafka impregnan todo el texto; son varias, notorias y hasta él mismo se encarga de aclararlas luego de corregir La condena en una carta que le envía el 11 de febrero de 1913 a su prometida Felice Bauer acerca del nombre del personaje principal Georg Bendemann y el de su novia Frieda Brandenfeld: «Georg tiene tantas letras como Franz. En el apellido Bendemann, mann es solo un refuerzo de Bende, de posibilidades todavía desconocidas de la historia. En cuanto a Bende, tiene el mismo número de letras que Kafka, y la vocal e se repite en los mismos lugares que la vocal a en Kafka. Frieda tiene tantas letras como F. y la misma inicial. El apellido Brandenfeld tiene la misma inicial que B. y a través de la palabra Feld también mantiene una cierta relación con el significado.» El mismo juego de palabras sucederá con el apellido de Gregor, Samsa, en La metamorfosis. Kafka le dedicará este libro a Felice: “Para F.” También le cuenta que para el personaje de Georg se inspiró en un amigo de su infancia apellidado Steuer y también en aspectos de su tío soltero Alfred Löwy, que vivía en Madrid. A todo aquel que podía le enviaba esta historia de la que estaba tan feliz y orgulloso, ya que por primera vez no había habido obstáculos para su consecución. Algunos años más adelante intentará disuadir a Kurt Wolff de publicar lo que «podría constituir un buen libro» como admite Kafka, titulado Los hijos (Die Söhne) y que incluyera las tres narraciones que involucran las relaciones padre-hijo, es decir, La condena, El fogonero, y La metamorfosis. Lamentablemente y aunque Kafka insistió varias veces y más allá de que Kurt Wolff le prometió en reiteradas oportunidades hacerlo, nunca cumplió, aunque Kafka tuvo la satisfacción de ver publicadas estas tres historias como libros independientes. Los encontronazos y discusiones entre Kafka y su padre se hacían cada vez más frecuentes. El funcionamiento de la fábrica de asbestos cada vez era peor y Hermann culpaba a su hijo de no prestarle la debida atención tildándolo de vago por ocuparse de la literatura como función principal o de acostarse a dormir la siesta en vez de atender la empresa. Eso lograba que Kafka escapara aún más de tan odiosas obligaciones utilizando sus Diarios a modo de catarsis, hasta eclosionar todo esto finalmente varios años después cuando escribe su famosa Carta al padre en 1919 y de la que se comentará más adelante. La historia de La condena ocupa uno de los puntos más cruciales que atraviesan la vida de Kafka y que es la Ley, sea filial (Carta la padre), tácita e invisible (El proceso y Ante la Ley) o divina (El castillo). Aquí, en La condena al igual que en otro emblemático relato del autor llamado En la colonia penitenciaria, prima la del castigo ejemplar, que el acusado debe asumir con total sumisión. El otro asunto que mortificaba a Kafka y que el transportaba a sus escritos es el de la soltería si tenemos en cuenta que hace muy poco tiempo que acaba de conocer a Felice Bauer. Para la tradición judía ser soltero significa casi un pecado, una alteración de lo que esa religión establece. Kafka es muy duro consigo mismo confirmando la sentencia talmúdica de que «Un hombre soltero no es un hombre completo». Hay una necesidad, una preocupación, un objetivo primordial: encontrar una mujer como sea, formalizar una relación y casarse; situación que lo descontrolará aún más a partir de los casamientos de sus hermanas Valli y Elli. El estilo de vida de soltero de Kafka por aquellos años puede notarse en que casi todos los personajes kafkianos son solteros (Karl Rossmann, Gregor Samsa, Georg Bendemann, Joseph K., K.). Hasta escribe un relato llamado Blumfeld, un solterón entrado en años o como con el personaje central de “Ser desdichado”, incluido en Contemplación y obviamente en este relato, la lucha de Georg es la misma que de la de Franz: acabar con el celibato e intentar casarse. Prácticamente toda la acción del relato se desarrolla en la habitación del padre de Georg (mismo caso para La metamorfosis que ocupa gran parte de la trama en el cuarto de Gregor Samsa). Comienza con Georg contemplando el río de su ciudad. Prontamente se enfoca en su asunto, que es comunicarle a su padre que ha decidido casarse con su prometida Frieda Brandenfeld, pero previamente y tal vez por una cuestión de confianza, elije confiarla a su amigo que tiene en San Petersburgo escribiéndole que se va a casar con ella y prefiere posteriormente contárselo a su padre, previa discusión con su novia. Georg trabaja con su padre, pero últimamente no come ni pasa tiempo con él ya que su madre ha muerto unos años atrás. Él ya tiene una de las tres cartas que le envió a su amigo a modo de evidencia para la charla con su padre e ingresa en la habitación. En este momento, puede notarse que Georg tiene una imagen o concepto de su padre que lo atemoriza, cuestión ya enraizada en la traumática relación empírica del autor con su propio padre. Nótese como la percepción de Georg va cambiando a medida que vamos leyendo el cuento y Kafka desarrolla un juego de opuestos que va cambiando sobre la marcha, pues cuando Georg ve a su padre un tanto débil y muy senil cuando lo lleva en brazos hasta la cama pero igualmente admite «mi padre aún sigue siendo un gigante». Su padre, como si fuera un niño, juguetea con la cadena del reloj de Georg. Él lo acuesta y en ese momento su padre pregunta dos veces «¿estoy cubierto?», hasta que se rebela contra su hijo y posteriormente profiere el grito atronador «Tu quisieras cubrirme, lo sé», en alusión a enterrarlo en una tumba. Comienza una fuerte discusión en torno al amigo de Georg de quien el padre desconfía. El mismo Kafka se encarga de explicarlo en sus Diarios: «Georg no tiene nada. El padre expulsa con facilidad a su novia, esta solo vive en la relación que guarda con el amigo, es decir, con el nexo común». El padre enfurecido trata de mujerzuela a Frieda acusándola duramente: «porque ella se levantó así la pollera, esa inmunda cochina». Cree que ella ha mancillado el buen nombre de su esposa, para rematar diciendo que él mismo se cartea con el amigo de Georg. La imagen del padre se invierte para Georg. Ahora lo ve tan enorme que casi toca el techo. Georg está aterrorizado. Esto nos lleva a pensar que Kafka ya tenía una visión de su padre que lo atemorizaba (recordemos que la línea inicial de Carta al padre comienza con la frase «Queridísimo padre: no hace mucho preguntaste por qué afirmo tenerte miedo. Como de costumbre, no supe qué responderte…», mientras que en otro pasaje Kafka recuerda cuando su padre lo llevaba a bañarse en un balneario: «Yo, flaco, débil, poca cosa; tú fuerte, ancho. Yo no siquiera necesitaba salir de la caseta para sentirme un guiñapo, y no solo ante tus ojos, no solo a tus ojos, sino a los del mundo entero, pues tú eras para mí la medida de todas las cosas.» Imposible disociar lo biográfico de lo ficcional en este relato, pues si uno como lector intenta leer pasajes de la Carta al padre antes de leer La condena notará que este detalle es casi imposible de pasar por alto. El padre de Georg, ahora transformado en un monstruo fuera de control, le dice a Georg que él mismo se ha estado carteándose con su amigo de San Petersburgo (elemento disruptivo en el entramado del relato) y con la furia de sentirse engañado por el hecho de que Georg le ha ocultado su compromiso. Georg siente que el mundo se le desmorona, ya no queda para él resquicio alguno y su padre ha dictado la sentencia más cruel: «Yo te condeno a morir ahogado». Georg es expelido de la habitación, confuso y derrotado. Solo le queda cumplir la condena que su padre le impuso que es nada màs y nada menos que salir corriendo, previo choque con la mucama y salir a la calle, treparse al puente y de un salto tirarse al río. El final del cuento es atroz: «Ya se prendía con fuerza de la baranda, como un hambriento a la comida… Exclamó en voz baja: “Queridos padres, a pesar de todo siempre los he amado”, y se dejó caer». Esta terrible frase final pareciera ser el comienzo de una carta anterior al relato que estamos leyendo, pero es determinante en el efecto que logra al terminar la lectura del relato y más aún lo es la frase final («En ese momento comenzó en el puente un tránsito interminable»). La condena inicia la sentencia de la muerte como destino final de los personajes kafkianos: Georg Bendemann se suicida ahogándose, Gregor Samsa muere sólo y de inanición en su cuarto convertido en un insecto y Joseph K. es ajusticiado con dos ejecutores retorciéndole un cuchillo en el corazón. Al parecer, el agrimensor K. de El castillo muere también según lo que Brod dice que Kafka le dijo. Solamente Karl Rossmann de El desaparecido, aunque esa novela tampoco está terminada es supuestamente condenado al destierro. Lo cierto que es que en La condena Kafka termina de introducir un elemento clave en su obra de ficción: el de su propia vida.
When I was younger, this fine story absolutely revolted me. Yet it takes to a harrowing conclusion the feeling of helpless anger a young son often has toward his father's discipline. But... then again, Turgenev achieves the same end in his infinitely sunnier novel, Fathers and Sons, and does it infinitely better!
You know, I believe Kafka misinterpreted his own anguished love for his dad.
Like so many sons, Kakfka suffered from a hopeless Oedipus Complex!
He starts, barely, to mitigate that in his last novel, Amerika, but the other major novels are cursed with its enormous emotional logjam. What's a son to do? Extenuating it into deep frustration, dear Franz, is the Wrong Answer!
***
As I say, Kafka believed his dad stood between K. and his mother's love. So he resented that. But, of course his father resented his son's opposition to his own love life.
The birth of the blues.
And the release of all Hell's Furies!
THIS is the basic kernel of Kafka's fiction: frustration, resentment and - above all - Alienation!
***
As Aquinas says, God gave us all His Son's Gospel in the hope that we may be Happy. Our crosses, borne in peace and love, can give us the Freedom to Live our Lives more Happily.
But because Kafka, like so many in the world, could never sit still long enough to give such love an even chance at making his life Work (until the end) -
He could only revert to the schizophrenic stoicism of Catullus in Ancient Rome:
And burn in bale and smother in the smoke of suppressed Love and Hate.
É sabido que Franz Kafka experimentou dificuldades para se emancipar do poder paternal. Este conto, ou novela curta, mostra como a sentença pode ser decretada por quem mais amamos, e, nesse sentido, vi aqui um tribunal paterno: o pai, um juiz doméstico, condena o seu filho à morte por afogamento, por uma culpa desconhecida. Um pai de comportamentos opostos: frágil e doente em casa, autoritário no escritório — mas ainda um gigante aos olhos do filho.
Kafka usa uma sintaxe exímia, frases directas, mas os significados ocultos são difíceis de decifrar. Há um filho dividido entre o desejo de autonomia e a submissão familiar perante as expectativas paternas, mas aceita a sentença. Li o texto entre sentimentos de frustração, impotência e injustiça. Ao mesmo tempo, perguntava-me se esta sentença é literal ou simbólica. Há aceitação sem resistência ou uma culpa inexplicável, apenas sentida? Nascemos culpados num mundo que nos domina e nos transforma em seres apáticos? Há quem diga que Kafka é repetitivo nos temas que aborda na sua obra, nomeadamente a culpa. Lemos aqui que «felizmente ninguém precisa de ensinar um pai a conhecer o seu filho.» Precisa, sim — digo eu. Os pais não podem construir muros, sombras, culpas ou dificultar a comunicação humana porque a família - o núcleo central da sociedade - não deve condenar, mas acolher e oferecer explicações.
Kafka continua actual. Cada geração encontrará na sua obra significados ou explicações para as suas tristezas, revoltas, frustrações causadas por uma sociedade que nos escorraça. Vivemos num ambiente que nos obriga a sentir uma culpa silenciosa, um isolamento ou uma morte simbólica. Dizem que não correspondemos às expectativas. Assim vivemos: inquietos, imersos num labirinto — punidos e não reconhecidos
English Title: The Judgment (1913)
It is well known that Franz Kafka struggled to emancipate himself from paternal authority. This short story shows how judgment can come from those we love most. I read it as a paternal tribunal — the father acts as a domestic judge who condemns his son to death for an inexplicable guilt. The father is portrayed with two distinct behaviors: fragile and ill in private, yet authoritarian in the office — still a giant in his son’s eyes. In his own way, Kafka uses masterful syntax: direct sentences that are difficult to decipher, hiding deeper meanings. The son, cast aside by his father, is torn between the desire for autonomy and the weight of family expectations. He accepts the judgment. I read the story with a sense of frustration, helplessness, and injustice — all while questioning whether the judgment was literal or symbolic. Is there silent acceptance of an inexplicable guilt? Are we born guilty in a world that dominates and transforms us into apathetic beings?
Some say Kafka repeats himself thematically — especially around guilt. In this story, the father says no one needs to teach a father to know his son. Yes, he does — I say. Parents must not build walls, shadows, or guilt. They must foster clear communication. Family, the core of society, should not condemn — it should welcome and offer clear explanations.
Kafka remains relevant. Each generation will find in his work meanings and explanations for its own sadness, revolt, and frustration in a society that casts us out. We live in a world that imposes silent guilt, isolation, and symbolic death. We are told we never measure up. Thus we live: restless, immersed in a labyrinth — punished and unseen.
Das ist mein erstes Buch bzw. meine erste Geschichte von Franz Kafka, daher war ich relativ unvorbereitet. Ich bin mir auch nicht sicher, was ich von dieser Erzählung halten soll bzw. was sie mir sagen will. Ich bin noch ein wenig verwirrt über dieses Ende und werde wohl noch etwas nachdenken und recherchieren.
Kaum zu glauben, welche Literatur nicht geschrieben worden wäre, wenn Franz Kafka einen liebe- und verständnisvollen Vater gehabt hätte. Das Ringen mit der übergroßen Vaterfigur bringt dann so verstörende Erzählungen hervor, voller Täuschungen und Enttäuschungen. Das Urteil beginnt eigentlich recht harmonisch, selbst in den ersten Momenten mit dem Vater, aber dann verdunkelt sich alles in einer Schnelle, dass man am Ende wirklich wieder nur mit offenem Munde den letzten Satz liest, als das vernichtende Urteil vollzogen wird. Hervorragende Kurzgeschichte.
English: The Judgment Kafka himself tried to interpret this story he "gave birth to" (his words) one night in 1912, and his analysis culminates in the sentence: "I'm not sure either" - and that's an argument FOR the text. The power of Kafka is his ability to puzzle readers with worlds that are both familiar and surreal, and there is more than one and no definite way to read him. As Susan Sontag points out in Against Interpretation and Other Essays: "The work of Kafka (...) has been subjected to a mass ravishment by no less than three armies of interpreters. (...) But the merit of these works certainly lies elsewhere than in their meanings." Word, Susan.
"The Judgement" tells the story of Georg Bendemann, a young merchant who writes a letter to his unnamed friend in St. Petersberg. The text tells us that Georg hesitated to convey his successes and recent engagement to the friend because he perceives himself to be happier and more accomplished than his hapless, unmarried friend - and this is why Georg shows the letter to his elderly father first. The old man who sits in a dark room with dirty undergarments goes on a rant and claims that he has been corresponding with the friend for quite some time and that Georg is a terrible son and friend with a fiancee who is more or less a slutty brute...
The first impulse of readers who have heard a thing or two about Kafka is to point to his Letter to the Father / Brief an den Vater which illustrates Kafka's own difficult relationship with his old man. The autobiographical references are of course there, but it's interesting to note that the it's the friend in Petersburg who lives how Kafka imagined an artist should live: Unmarried, lonely, not distracted by being forced to work and provide. So who's the author's alter ego here? Mysterious!
But let's discuss the obvious for a second, which, interestingly, hasn't gotten as much attention as all things more meta: The father in the story can be read as showing signs of beginning dementia. Confusion, low emotional and social control, aggression - is the father ill? And let's question Georg: Is he really a successful, self-assured businessman when he consults his dad before posting a letter to his friend? What kind of friend is a man who never visits and only gets curated information? Mysterious!
And of course you can try to decipher this story by referring to Sigmund Freud. Or ponder the many connections to The Metamorphosis. Or you can find an access via mythology: Georg drowns - in the river Styx / Hades? Does he pass over (hello, theological interpretation) to a new life, or to the realm of the dead, or does he kill a part of himself metaphorically? Hmmm...mysterious!
This is great, great literature, because it's not here to be decoded and digested - it's undecodable, it transcends traditional ideas of meaning. It holds on to the mystery of art.
A story in the style of Kafka: Eerie, sad and makes you think a lot. What I love about Kafka is that you cannot only think of what the book itself says, but also makes you think beyond that, to think outside the box and deeply think about his books even after you finish them. The sad story of a frustrated son because of his father. Does it sound familiar? It does to me. It sounds like Kafka's life, almost a biography of him. Despite being a very sad book, I completely recommend it. I thank you Franz for making me think in a wiser way when I read your books.
Una historia al más estilo Kafka: Oscura, triste y que te da mucho para pensar. Lo que me encanta de Kafka es que no solamente te quedas con los que dice el libro, sino que todo trasciende mucho más allá y hace que pienses en ellos, en lo que intenta comunicar incluso después de haberlo leído. Kafka siempre llama a la reflexión y al pensamiento reflexivo. La triste historia de un hijo frustrado por su padre ¿Suena familiar? A mí sí. Me suena a la vida de Kafka, casi como una autobiografía. A pesar de que es un libro triste, lo recomiendo totalmente. Le agradezco mucho a Franz por hacerme reflexionar tanto una vez habiendo leído sus libros.
"The Judgment" is a work that Kafka wrote in a single night in 1912. It has many autobiographical elements, and the two characters of Georg and his friend show two sides of Kafka. Kafka had recently become engaged to Felice Bauer, and a part of him wanted the love of a wife which is reflected in Georg's situation. But Kafka, like Georg's bachelor friend, also enjoyed being single since it gave him quiet time after work to be creative and write. Georg was ambivalent about writing to his friend about his engagement.
Kafka's father, like the father in this story, was constantly judging his son. His father did not value his writing, and was pressuring him to spend time working at the family business after he finished his daytime legal job. Kafka's father had a negative psychological impact on him; his son did not fit the tough masculine image that his father had in mind. In "The Judgment," the father sentenced Georg to death by drowning. This was interesting as a story, and also as a window to see what was concerning Kafka at this point in his life. 3.5 stars.
Una de los relatos más famosos de su escritor quien, a través de un estilo ciertamente surrealista y confuso puso sobre la mesa una amalgama de situaciones y ocurrencias en las que intentó describir emociones de distinta naturaleza paterno-filial, e incluso de la incapacidad o el miedo del individuo contemporáneo de expresar sus sentimientos con libertad ante familiares y amigos. Los prejuicios, las dudas, las críticas y la desesperanza campan a sus anchas en este interesante relato.
So viele Klassiker im Moment! Woran kann das nur liegen? Mal ganz sicher nicht an der Fernlehre der Uni, für die ich jetzt gefühlt zehn mal so viele Klassiker wie sonst lesen muss. Oder darf. Ist Ansichtssache. Ich lese die Klassiker ja gerne und als Literaturwissenschaftlerin sollte man ja alles gelesen haben, was nur irgendwie geht. Verstehe ich und an meinem Studium gefällt mir ja genau deswegen so gut. Aber dann gibt es Texte, bei denen ich mir nur denke: "Was zur Hölle! Ist das euer Ernst?" "Das Urteil" war so eine Kurzgeschichte.
Ich lese Kafka sehr gerne. Er hat einen spannenden Stil, der mich einfach fesselt. Und seine Bücher sind immer faszinierend, weil sie einfach so...kafkaesk sind! Irgendwie gruselig, immer schräg und nie weiß man, ob jetzt gerade wirklich alles so gemeint ist, wie man es verstanden hat. Kleiner Spoiler: Nein ist es nicht.
"Brief an den Vater" hab ich ja auch schon gelesen und auf diesem Blog rezensiert. Da wurde ja schon ziemlich klar, dass die Beziehung zwischen Kafka und seinem Vater nicht gerade ideal war. Gesund ist was anderes. Das zeigt sich auch hier wieder. Natürlich sind das nicht wirklich Kafka und sein Vater, sondern fiktive Figuren, von denen man nicht sagen kann, ob die jetzt ein Vorbild haben. Aber wenn man nebenher den "Brief an den Vater" liest und den Lektüreschlüssel und dazu noch Kafkas Tagebuch... Also das kann mir keiner erzählen, dass die Figuren nicht an die Realität angelehnt sind! Da sind die real existierenden Menschen, also Kafka und sein Vater, zumindest Vorbilder für die Figuren gewesen!
Viel mehr kann ich zu dieser Kurzgeschichte eigentlich gar nicht sagen. Das ist das Problem mit Kurzgeschichten. Die haben ja nur so um die 20 Seiten - was soll man da groß darüber schreiben. Natürlich könnte ich hier den Inhalt detailgetreu wiedergeben oder euch verraten, was ich am Mittwoch in meinem Referat über Kafas "Urteil" und die Psychoanalyse gesagt hätte, wenn der Server der Fernlehre nicht zusammengestürzt wäre. Aber erstens wären meine Referatspartnerinnen wohl nicht wirklich begeistert, wenn unser Referat plötzlich im Internet landet und zweitens müsste ich dafür zuerst erklären, was die Psychoanalyse denn eigentlich ist und wie zur Hölle das mit der Literatur zusammenhängt. Vielleicht erkläre ich euch das ja sogar irgendwann auf meinem Blog. Aber heute nicht.
Zusammenfassend kann man über diese Kurzgeschichte sagen, dass sie einfach typisch für Kafka ist. Ich mag "Die Verwandlung" lieber, aber das ist wohl Geschmackssache. Auf Goodreads habe ich die Geschichte als "Achterbahn" beschrieben und das trifft es, denke ich, ziemlich gut. Die Geschichte ist verwirrend und schräg, so wie es für Kafka halt typisch ist. Meiner Meinung nach, macht aber genau das die Geschichte so lesenswert. Also blättert sie doch einfach mal durch, ist ja echt nicht so lang!
Hat mich gut unterhalten. Gerade rattern noch die Zahnräder in meinem dampfbetriebenen Hirn, um den Inhalt irgendwie Sinn ergeben zu lassen - nur denkt sich ein Teil von mir auch, dass der Versuch vielleicht fruchtlos bleiben muss und es eher um den Denkprozess geht als um das Ergebnis. Wahrscheinlich ist diese Geschichte ein gutes Beispiel für das, was Schüler von Kafka denken: Kann man gut lesen, aber zum verstehen ist es nicht. Es ist vor allem seltsam und verstörend. Na ja, genau dafür bin ich ja auch zu haben. Trotzdem, dass keine Lesart so richtig passen will, stört mich. Nachgedanke: Das hätte eine Szene aus David Foster Wallaces "Unendlicher Spaß" sein können, besonders einer der Filme von James O. Incandenza. Muss man Infinite Jest vielleicht als in Kafkas Tradition verstehen? Hilft mir mit "Das Urteil" nur leider nicht weiter.
Una sentencia paterna, y el suicidio de un hijo como única forma de emancipación. Sólo un genio como Kafka puede reflejar de esa manera la contradicción que nace de la incapacidad de comprender las cosas de forma diferente a como es proporcionada, y que lleva a que esa misma realidad sea la que impide el acercamiento a aquello que ha proporcionado dicha forma de comprensión: el hijo es incapaz de poseer unos criterios diferentes a los paternos, siendo eso mismo lo que provoca la ausencia de un armonía paterno-filial. Añadiendo, además, la importancia que tiene el sentimiento de culpa y, teniendo en cuenta que estamos con Kafka y con su tratamiento de dicho sentimiento, el desenlace difícilmente podía ser otro.
Confieso que no sé mucho sobre la relación que tuvo Franz con su padre, pero sé que dista mucho de haber sido ejemplar, que constantes juegos de poder y maltrato estaban a la orden del día (cosa que se siente mucho en sus narraciones). Lo que me resulta profundamente interesante es que esta pieza presenta una muerte y renacimiento literario como resultado de esa relación. Escrito en la madrugada del 22 al 23 de septiembre de 1912, «La Condena» marca el nacimiento del literato a través de la muerte, que seguro deseo para sí mismo, pero dejó en papel. Una muerte que emancipó un deseo y cercenó otro.
Estuve leyendo y hay mil y una interpretaciones, pero la verdad es que está llena de abstracciones ocultas que imposibilitan edificar algo tan rígido y aburrido como un sentido absoluto.
Es tan poético y sumamente trágico que así nazca Kafka escritor, en medio de la absoluta incapacidad, escribiendo como un bicho nocturnal que traspapela lo que no se atreve a decir, que llora y se suicida para poder vivir.
"La Condena" de Kafka, publicado por la editorial Alianza, es una compilacion de escritos cortos que nos sumerge en el oscuro y surrealista mundo del autor. Esta edición de Alianza presenta una traducción cuidadosa y fiel al estilo único de Kafka, lo que permite a los lectores experimentar plenamente la atmósfera inquietante y opresiva de la historia.
Una de las fortalezas de esta edición es la inclusion de escritos como "Ante la ley" y "La preocupacion del padre de familia", que son textos que exploran temas como el poder, la autoridad, la identidad y la alienación. "Ante la Ley" presenta una parábola sobre la inaccesibilidad de la ley y la búsqueda de significado en un sistema burocrático y opresivo, mientras que "Las preocupaciones de un padre de familia" aborda la ansiedad y la angustia de un padre que se enfrenta a la incertidumbre y el miedo ante su responsabilidad paternal.
Judith Butler, una destacada filósofa y teórica feminista, ha sido influenciada por la obra de Kafka en términos de su análisis sobre el poder, la performatividad y la construcción social de la identidad. Aunque no ha sido la unica, en mi opinion es la mas importante. En particular, Butler utiliza la noción de la "ley" como un dispositivo de poder que construye y regula las normas de género y la subjetividad. Su concepto de género como una actuación performativa se conecta con la idea kafkiana de la identidad como algo impuesto desde afuera, y cómo los individuos se enfrentan a estructuras sociales que determinan su ser.
De esta manera, las obras de Kafka han influido en el trabajo de Judith Butler al proporcionar un marco conceptual para explorar el poder, la subjetividad y la construcción social de la identidad, temas centrales en su teoría feminista y queer. Por lo que estos breves textos siguen siendo de gran importancia para discusiones y debates contemporaneos.
"Judgement does not come along suddenly; the proceedings gradually merge into the judgement." y Franz Kafka, The Judgement
I’ve said, in other reviews that my relationship with Kafka is extremely complicated.
I really never read a word by him until last year. Now I’ve read about four or five of his works. I seem to be in the category of really loving his stuff or really disliking it. This is a dislike.
I really did not expect this story to take the turn that it did, and I really didn’t care for where it went. There was nothing to really prepare me, I went in reading one type of story, and finished reading something else entirely.
I also had no idea what was going on through most of it. Look, I know that Kafka has some really – well – for lack of a better term — Bizarre works. I have a feeling with this, I stumbled upon one of them.
But I just didn’t care for it. All I felt reading it was bewilderment. had to actually look it up afterwards to really find out what it was even about which shows how baffled I was.
My favorite from him, so far, is the book Metamorphosis which I’ve heard described as one of the best books ever written. I certainly thought it was outstanding as I read it in one sitting. I wish I could say the same about this. I don’t like giving any of his works a low review .
But they can’t all be five stars, and I can’t lie and say I enjoyed the story when I didn’t.
I guess I could say I enjoyed the first couple of pages? If you want to check it out it’s a very quick read. I mean you’ll be done probably in about 15 minutes at the most, but it just wasn’t really a pleasant experience for me.
Not every book is pleasant to read of course , but I do have to find some kind of connection, and my mind was backing away from this, almost from the beginning.
Wow. I know this is about so much more than a relationship between a father and a son, but I can not help but relate it to my own relationship with my father. This hit a little too close to home when I began to feel myself being put into Georg's shoes, when in fact, I've already been in them most of my life. I felt no sympathy for the father, even though I know he was struggling with his aging and lack of youth, but could only relate to the son. Who seemed to do everything for the father and got back only cruel resentment. The son was on the verge of getting married and was thinking about how he would take his father with him into his new house and life because he knew his father couldn't be alone.
As my own father ages, he too, gets more and more cruel. I moved him into a house this summer 3 doors down from me to be able to help more but still it's not enough. I take my mom to dr. appts. I'm a homeschooling mom of 3 and have a full life but still run down the street several times a week to help them out when they fall or forget how to use their phones. I've taken over all their bills and finances which is a pain in the neck because my father calls every couple of days to ask about a bill or whether I'm using a good pharmacy plan for my mom's meds. Then he'll call the next day and ask the same questions because his memory is going. He is angry at everything and complains about my mother every day because their marriage has always been horrible.
I, too, often want to run to the river and jump after talking to him. Part of that is sarcasm and part of it isn't, as you often find me sobbing in my room after talking to him. He tells me I do nothing for him and am worthless.
So, I've made this story completely about me. But that is the brilliance of Kafka. He evokes such emotion in his stories, with only a few words, that many of the reviews on his short stories such as this one, end up being longer than the story. Even if you don't like the story, it's well worth the read. Just see if Kafka doesn't bring up some latent emotion hidden away in your psyche after reading this.
In February or March 1911 (the entry is undated), Franz Kafka jotted down a peculiar sketch in his diary. Titled ‘Die städtische Welt’ (‘The Urban World,’ sometimes translated as ‘In the City’), this unpolished piece depicts a confrontation between a son and his father, followed by the son’s failed attempt to rouse a friend from bed. Eighteen months later, in what he described as ‘a complete opening of body and soul,’ Kafka would pen ‘Das Urteil’ (‘The Judgment’) in a single night of feverish creation. The evolution between these two pieces—from a rough diary entry to a story later published in the Arkadia review—reveals Kafka’s rapid development as a writer and his growing mastery of narrative technique.
‘The Urban World’ bears the marks of its origin as a diary entry. Written in clear, declarative prose with minimal description, the opening sentence reads almost like stage directions: ‘Oskar M. an older student—if one looked at him closely, one was frightened by his eyes—stopped on a winter afternoon in the middle of the snowfall on an empty square in his winter clothes.’ The theatrical quality of the piece is no accident; Kafka was a devoted theatregoer (remember his love affair with Yiddish theatre in the fall of 1911), and this early sketch demonstrates his interest in dramatic form. The story unfolds in two distinct scenes: first, the confrontation between Oskar and his father in their living room, then Oskar’s visit to his friend Franz’s apartment. Each scene plays out like a discrete dramatic unit, complete with a small cast of observers (the maid in the first scene, the landlady in the second).
_كافكا يكتب عن نفسه، ومن المؤلم حقاً أن نعرف هذا.. أن نعلم أن هذه التلاعبات الأدبية والكنايات اللغوية ما هي إلا دثار خفيف لصراعات امتدت سنيناً وقامت بشكل أساسي على علاقته بوالده وصف كافكا عملية كتابة هذه القصة بال"ولادة" وهو صادق، فقد حمّلها الكثير من روحه.
Houses don't have a voice. They stand with their heads in mid-air absorbing the voices of their inhabitants in the walls. They all appear calm to a passerby.
This story is of one such house which gives off mundane vibes in the beginning but is hiding a cataclysmic scene behind its door.
The story catches you off guard evoking a feeling of distress, confusion, anger and sadness in between discourses.
If you are versed with Kafka's life, you will find reflections of it in the story. Like it is said, every art is a reflection of its artist.
The protagonist is shone in a vivid light with its intensity changing throughout until the end, when it completely drops.
Kafka shows the relationship between a father and a son and shows the implications of giving someone power over us.
ah, i have just woken up. Cosy morning. Paula lies in bed between the sheets. The smell of coffee. The taste of ginger lemon cumin - tee. Yellow and black. What short story should I read today. What have't I read in a while? - Kafka. Which one? ok I take "Das Urteil" - "The judgment", not too long, not too short.
..... I finished it. What have I read here? I'm rating this 5 stars for not getting any meaning or symbolistic out of it, but getting unbelievable intrigued. There are points where I can associate, still there is a dramatic element I am glad I didn't have in my relation with my father. or did I but it was still and untold?
Oh oh oh - these modern age little prisons called families, how delicate they cut each other's branches of development or creativity
قرأتُها في مجلد الآثار الكاملة وتفسيراتها ،ترجمة إبراهيم وطفي .
يبدو بأننا نحن العرب أكثر الناس مهيئين لتقبل أدب كافكا . كم من أب لدينا أجبر ابنه على ما لا يريد مثل كافكا ؟ كم من ابن خاف من أن يعصي أبيه لتحقيق طموحات الشخصية وتوقف لكي لا يكون ابنّا عاقًا .
كم عدد الأباء الذين لا يجبرون أبنائهم على ما لايريد ويعطونهم الفرصة لإثبات مهاراتهم!؟
حتى متى نتوقف القراءة لكافكا ؟ عند تنتهي المشاكل الإجتماعية في العالم العربي .