Not the same as Arnold Toynbee, economist and nephew of Arnold Joseph Toynbee
British educator Arnold Joseph Toynbee noted cyclical patterns in the growth and decline of civilizations for his 12-volume Study of History (1934-1961).
He went to Winchester college and Balliol college, Oxford.
From 1919 to 1924, Arnold J. Toynbee served as professor of modern Greek and Byzantine at King's college, London. From 1925, Oxford University Press published The Survey of International Affairs under the auspices of the royal institute of international affairs, and Toynbee, professor, oversaw the publication. From 1925, Toynbee served as research professor and director at the royal institute of international affairs. He published The Conduct of British Empire Foreign Relations since the Peace Settlement (1928).
Toynbee served as research professor and director at the royal institute of international affairs until 1955. People published best known lectures of Toynbee, professor, in memory of Adam Gifford as An Historian's Approach to Religion (1956). His massive work examined development and decay. He presented the rise and fall rather than nation-states or ethnic groups. According to his analysis, the welfare depends on ability to deal successfully with challenges.
50 articles and excerpts from the work of Arnold Toynbee, half of them from "A Study of History". Toynbee was radically criticized by professional historians, and I must say I can imagine they were right: his grand vision of history is very speculative. But I'm impressed by the enormuous breadth of his knowledge, his ability to see the broader picture, and his courage to put aspects of different civilizations next to one another. The second half of the book illustrates Toynbee was a very acute observer of international politics, and he wasn't afraid to dive into the depth of things and cover fundamental questions of live. Whatever one thinks about the lack of 'evidence-based'-approach, grand theories can be stimulating to look at the evidence in a new light. So, I think he deserves to be rehabilitated. As my GR-friend Robert Jeens states in the comments below: "All of the systematizers are wrong but they are extremely useful." Couldn't say it better!
Toynbee is a giant, no doubt about that. This book gives an impression of the breadth of his work. See the more elaborate review in my Sense-of-History-account: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/3...