A thorough, detailed history with clear execution. The author's own love of tea is STEEPED into the writing (sorry, couldn't help myself):
“Tea is more delicate than coffee, infinitely more interesting than water, healthier and more subtle than soda. It is the perfect beverage - one that can be drunk frequently and in great quantities with pleasure and without guilt. Tea, in all its complexities, offers a simultaneous feeling of calm and alertness, of health and pleasure.”
This book goes through the origins of tea - originally consumed not by Homo sapiens but by Homo erectus, 500,000 years ago. Though native to both China and the Assam region of India, tea was only consumed in China up until about 500 CE, when it became popular among Buddhist monks to help them stay awake during long periods of meditation.
The book goes on to describe the role of tea in colonialism: when Britain got tired of trading valuable silver and gold to China for tea (particularly where their access to South American metals had been cut off following the American revolutionary war), the British East India company forced India to grow poppies for opium, then traded that to China for tea.
Laura Martin also walks through the different types and grades of tea:
Types:
Black tea: goes through all five stages of processing. Leaves are completely oxidizied.
Oolong: tea is withered and rolled, then partially oxidized (10-80%), heated, and sorted.
Green tea: not oxidized at all. Buds and leaves are withered, then rolled. In China, green tea is usually pan-fried to prevent oxidation; in Japan, it is typically steamed.
White tea: least amount of processing. No withering, fermentation, or rolling. Air dried, not heated.
Interesting fact: tea grown at low elevation produces more tea, but tea grown at high elevations (like Darjeeling, grown on the slopes of the Himalayas) are finer teas.
Whole leaf is the highest grade of tea; dust or fannings is the lowest grade (usually found in mass-produced teabags like Lipton). The more buds it contains, the higher the quality.
Special finest tippy golden flowery orange pekoe (SFTGFOP) is the highest grade, followed by finest tippy golden flowery orange pekoe, golden flower orange pekoe, flowery orange pekoe, orange pekoe, and pekoe. The more letters the higher the quality, generally.
[Incidentally, Pekoe isn’t pronounced pee-koh but peck-oh. Comes from Chinese pak-ho, meaning the fine downy hair of a newborn infant, referring to the fine hairs on the young tea buds). Also, orange has nothing to do with the flavor or color, and comes from the fact that royals in the Dutch House of Orange purchased it.]