Edward Thomas Collected Poems
First, an apologia pro me: I must be honest, Thomas’s poems are a re-read, having lived with them ever since I can remember. But as part of this reading challenge I decided to do something I have never done hitherto and read them as a body of work, not as individual pieces. The results were surprising and revealing. It opened my eyes to the thematic preoccupations which intrigued Thomas throughout his life.
Thomas’s poetry has received much attention in recent years with writers such as Robert Macfarlane bringing his work to wider attention. Thomas, like Macfarlane is today, was an inveterate walker and much of his output was born of his epic walks around England. The pulse of walking runs through his writing like a heartbeat; it is the life force of his art.
To understand Thomas’s poetry, we should first recognise that it represents only the last three years of what was a prolific, if short, life as a prose writer. By the time he came to write his first stanza he was already the author of several masterpieces, ‘In Search of Spring’, ‘The Icknield Way’ and ‘The South Country’, inter alia. Above all, these works established him as a writer of rural life, of its people and its places. It was Robert Frost who suggested that Thomas’s elegiac prose style would lend itself admirably to poetry, and so late in 1914 he published his first set of verses, initially under the name Edward Eastaway. He was perhaps both easily persuaded and daunted in equal measure, as he always considered poetry to be the highest form of literature. Thomas is, of course, revered as a war poet alongside Owen, Sassoon, Blunden, Brooke and many others. But even in this grave subject it is his close connection with the countryside and his feeling for its past that make his poetry stand apart. Whereas Owen sighed that ‘all a poet can do today is warn’, Thomas both warns and crucially remembers the effect of war far from the battlefield itself.
Thus remembrance and loss; these words are the refrain that are absorbed into one’s psyche time and time again when reading Thomas. Writing prose about the countryside had taught him close observation and a sense of the subtle changes, both seasonal and evolutional, that all rural landscapes undergo. These changes inevitably give rise to the feelings of memory and the passing of all matter. Even in ‘In Memoriam’ (Easter, 1915) the loss of men in war is related to the memory of their presence in a rural idyll:
'The flowers left thick at nightfall in the wood
This Eastertide call into mind the men,
Now far from home, who, with their sweethearts, should
Have gathered them and will do never again.'
And, away from conflict, the simple transience of life in nature, in ‘First Known when Lost’:
'I never had noticed it until
'Twas gone, - the narrow copse
Where now the woodman lops
The last of the willows with his bill
It was not more than a hedge overgrown.
One meadow's breadth away
I passed it day by day.
Now the soil is bare as bone,'
Throughout Thomas crystallizes his recollection with moments in the year’s seasonal cycle as in ‘The Word’, ‘I am content/With the wild rose scent that is like memory’ ... ‘The Path’, ‘The Combe’ and ‘The Manor Farm’ and many other poems shaped by the memory of what has been but will be again. So outwardly Thomas's concern with memory is a reading of the landscape gleaned not from stasis but a natural dynamic – birth, death and life. The wild rose is destined to fade, but spring will come again as it does in many of the poems. In decline and death lie the vestiges of hope and renewal.
Thomas too, was a ghost-seer often in his work there are allusions to long disappeared people and places which, like revenants, linger still. Here memory and loss re-materialise as spectres. In ‘The Chalk Pit’ ‘emptiness and silence and stillness haunt me ... some ghost has left it now’ even though past activity has been lost the spiritual essence remains. It speaks too, of the impermanence of man against the continuity of immemorial nature.
Nowhere is the poignancy of memory and loss more evident than in his most famous poem ‘Adlestrop’, composed on 24th June 1914 as his train made an involuntary stop at Adlestrop station:
Yes, I remember Adlestrop –
The name, because one afternoon
Of heat the express-train drew up there
Unwontedly. It was late June.
The steam hissed. Someone cleared his throat.
No one left and no one came
On the bare platform. What I saw
Was Adlestrop – only the name
And willows, willow-herb, and grass,
And meadowsweet, and haycocks dry,
No whit less still and lonely fair
Than the high cloudlets in the sky.
And for that minute a blackbird sang
Close by, and round him, mistier,
Farther and farther, all the birds
Of Oxfordshire and Gloucestershire.
The poem soon became a requiem for a world swept away by the First World War and is now tainted with the ironic reality that the railway station itself no longer exists, swept away by the Beeching cuts in the 1960s.
Frost’s great Poem ‘The Road Not Taken’ (1916) was seen by Thomas as criticism of his indecisive nature and perhaps instrumental in his choosing to join up and fight in France, rather than follow Frost on his return to America. Whatever the truth of it, the title had sad implications, because Thomas died on the Western Front in 1917 at the battle of Arras.
Thomas has now taken his rightful place in the pantheon of English poesy; his work appeared at a time when the modernist revolution in letters was taking hold, so in many ways it is seen as seminal. Despite this, Thomas still managed a nostalgia for the past and a deep understanding of the countryside which survived this cultural shift, without ever descending into sentimentality. His poetry manages to be accessible whilst simultaneously retaining that sense of mystery and wonder which all great observers of life possess. There are no epic poems, nor gratuitous classical references here but the use of everyday language in pursuit of the reminiscences that all of us carry. Little wonder that Ted Hughes described him as ‘the father of us all.’
This is a book for life.