First, a review. Second, an attempt at analysis.
The review:
“Rubik” can be read as a collection of nearly independent short stories. The stories are all connected, but in a somewhat loose manner. Many of them are exciting in their own right, some more than others. The stories are well-written, though as others have commented the writing is quite rich, quite "creative" in a "creative writing-phd" manner. The short stories deal with themes of identity, meaning-searching, alienation and predation, loss, and making one’s own path. They do so in roundabout ways: a boy copes with his piano-playing mediocrity, a Japanese (?) child and her “multi-purpose octopus” stop an evil corporation in cartoon/anime fashion, a woman lives her robot transformation fantasy, etc.
But to be fair, if this was all that Rubik was, it wouldn’t be enough to capture my attention and interest. That’s not all that Rubik is. It’s a puzzle. The stories are more closely connected than they seem, and they fit together into a coherent overall narrative. But to put that back together, one has to solve an extremely difficult puzzle. On the first read, this amounts to putting together a Rube Goldberg machine from its scattered pieces, without having as much as a diagram of it, without even knowing, initially, that it's supposed to be some kind of Rube Goldberg machine. A bit too difficult for me, which is why I’m giving it only 3 stars, though I believe it’s meant to be read twice and the second time around it would be easier to piece everything together.
The analysis:
Given that I’m not sure whether I’ve figured this puzzle out, I don’t think this counts as a spoiler; rather, take this as some friendly hints before you begin. But if you feel very certain of your ability to figure this out on your own, don’t read further.
So, Rubik is full of meaningful references, and each reference is a hint. A good place to start is the title, which has three different meanings:
- Rubik’s cube – broken down into a myriad of colorful little pieces that it is up to the user to bring back together. In the novel, an (unsolvable!) Rubik’s cube appears.
- Rube Goldberg machine – a weird machine that once started keeps moving until its full resolution, in apparently arbitrary fashion, but carefully designed nonetheless. In the novel, a Rube Goldberg machine appears.
- Re-Ubik - where Ubik is the Philip K. Dick sci-fi masterpiece (for whatever reason nobody on the internet, including several extensive reviews of this book, seems to have picked up on this until now! A google search for “Philip K Dick Ubik Elizabeth Tan Rubik” gives zero results...). Beyond the title, the references to Ubik or Philip K. Dick are extremely numerous: half-life vs. virtual-life after death; replicants; mechanical animals; sinister corporate presences; the manifestations of the voice of Runciter/Spiegel; April Kuan’s "power" vs. Pat Conley’s power; the twin killed at birth; coins and the faces on them; the references to movies that are themselves inspired by P. K. Dick, e.g. Inception, Matrix, The Truman Show… The cat named “Ulysses” is probably a reference to James Joyce’s Ulysses – another novel with deep ties to a prior literary work.
Character names are often more or less direct references. I mentioned the cat Ulysses. There’s also Jules Valentine (Jill Valentine, Resident Evil), April Kuan (April O’Neil?), Seed and HarvestTime (the real-life Apple corporation), and probably many more that I didn’t figure out (Peter Pushkin: push-key? Or a reference to the Russian poet?). Philip K. Dick usually infused his character names with hidden meanings; this is also done here. There's also a lot of stuff I didn't quite figure out: Seeds of Time, for instance; the name of the bullies in Peter Pushkin's story (they resemble brand names), and are these the same bullies encountered by Audrey/April? The faceless corporate drones, who/what do they reference? Etc. etc.
Rubik can be read as a continuation and update of the reflections proposed in Philip K. Dick’s Ubik (which is itself a puzzle novel). Philip K. Dick explored the conflictual relationship between an individual and reality, encompassing metaphysics, weird theological obsessions, drug abuse, mental illness, and hostile invasions into the hero’s own reality, in a sort of detective investigation seeking the culprits for reality itself. “Ubik”, despite its bleak tone, concludes optimistically with the hero Joe Chip (a sort of combination between Jesus-Christ and Corben Dallas) becoming the maintainer and preserver of his own reality.
Rubik, in contrast, explores the conflictual relationship between the person and society. Faceless capitalistic brands are out to capture our bodies and our minds, influencing them covertly or directly, with reassuring instructions and with threats of violence. And so are schools, parents, even friends. Against this, we seek to assert ourselves, to become our own persons. Where Ubik deals with schizophrenic grown up adults, Rubik deals with young people and children; where Ubik deals with alien God/Satan-like forces using biblical allusions, Rubik deals with disturbingly familiar evil corporations presences using pop-culture allusions. Because there was no virtual world in PK Dick's time as writer, only the most basic video games, no online forums, no social media to share "memes", he relied instead on unexplained mental powers; Elizabeth Tan corrects this in Rubik. Rubik concludes when April Kuan enters adulthood, choosing among multiple imaginary pasts the one that suits her best, the one that holds promise and preserves her individuality.
In all – it’s a cool novel, if it is a novel at all - in some ways it is more an art project than a novel (like the indie movie that loops and can be viewed from any starting position). It is difficult to avoid an unfavorable comparison with Philip K. Dick’s masterpiece, which has the advantage of really working as a "mere" novel. PKD’s Ubik is 200 pages, tight and full of suspense, the metaphysics fitting seemlessly with the action-packed narrative. Rubik is 300 pages, somewhat slow and loose, too confusing to keep me fully engaged for its duration. But then I'm just not the right reader - I usually don't like experimental novels! So maybe Rubik will seem really excellent to those who like this sort of stuff - certainly it is much better than for instance Cloud Atlas.
Despite that, maybe I’ll read Rubik again, as the novel suggests (you have everything necessary to begin again: April Kuan's life, but also this novel), and like it more that time. After all, it did take me a couple of readings to really figure out Ubik.