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The Indian Struggle

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The Indian Struggle, 1920–1942 is a two-part book by the Indian nationalist leader Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose that covers the 1920–1942 history of the Indian independence movement to end British imperial rule over India. Banned in India by the British colonial government, The Indian Struggle was published in the country only in 1948 after India became independent. The book analyses a period of the Indian independence struggle from the Non-Cooperation and Khilafat Movements of the early 1920s to the Quit India and Azad Hind movements of the early 1940s.

614 pages, Kindle Edition

First published January 8, 1998

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About the author

Subhas Chandra Bose

69 books50 followers
Subhas Chandra Bose (23 January 1897 – 18 August 1945) was a left-wing Indian nationalist of Congress whose defiant patriotism made him a hero in India, but whose attempt during World War II to rid India of British rule with the help of Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan left a troubled legacy although he was liberal, anti-racist and supported women's emancipation.

Since 1940 he lived in Italy passing for Italian under the name of Orlando Mazzotta and had meetings with Benito Mussolini before went to Nazi Germany where he met his future wife, Emilie Schenkl and receive the honorific Netaji (Hindustani: "Respected Leader"), Bose first expressed his preference for "a synthesis of what modern Europe calls socialism and fascism" in a 1930 speech in Calcutta. Bose later criticized Nehru's 1933 statement that there is "no middle road" between communism and fascism, describing it as "fundamentally wrong." and suggested a "synthesis between communism and fascism" could take hold instead. In 1944, Bose similarly stated, "Our philosophy should be a synthesis between National Socialism and communism."

Bose's correspondence (prior to 1939) reflects his deep disapproval of the racist practices of, and annulment of democratic institutions in Nazi Germany: "Today I regret that I have to return to India with the conviction that the new nationalism of Germany is not only narrow and selfish but arrogant." as he was hoping that racist ideologies of Italy and Germany were only in anti-american and anti-british function and were not real. However, he expressed admiration for the authoritarian methods which he saw in Italy and Germany during the 1930s, and thought they could be used in building an independent India.

With the Nazi and then the Japanese support, Bose created and army for an axis' invasion of India but the war made gradually this plan untenable. Bose later chose not to surrender with his forces or with the Japanese, but rather to escape to Manchuria with a view to seeking a future in the Soviet Union which he believed to be turning anti-British trying to get support by Stalin. He died from third-degree burns received when his plane crashed in Taiwan. Some Indians, however, did not believe that the crash had occurred, with many among them, especially in Bengal, believing that Bose would return to gain India's independence.

The Indian National Congress, the main instrument of Indian nationalism, praised Bose's patriotism but distanced itself from his tactics and ideology, especially his collaboration, although idiosincratic, with fascism.

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5 stars
129 (60%)
4 stars
47 (21%)
3 stars
24 (11%)
2 stars
9 (4%)
1 star
6 (2%)
Displaying 1 - 21 of 21 reviews
Profile Image for Alok Mishra.
Author 9 books1,251 followers
May 9, 2022
Subhash Babu was not only a great freedom fighter but also a great observer of things going around him. His understanding reflects in his writing. Do read his chapters on Mahatma Gandhi and why Subhash Babu thought Gandhi's methods have failed near the British even after a long history of efforts – constitutionalism. You will find the book interesting and with an entirely different point of view than of the famous historians and other freedom fighters (who seldom fought).
Profile Image for Atul Sabnis.
119 reviews33 followers
November 10, 2015
It's often said that we don't find books; books find us. In this case, it was a bit peculiar. I found this book in December 2002, I think at Bangalore airport, at Sankar's Bookstore. And it has been on my bookshelf since. The book finally found me, thirteen years later.

And I am glad it found me.

While most of us have a vague idea about the contribution of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose (and most of it related to the Azad Hind Fauj), to know specifically his life, thoughts, ideals and struggles, is a completely different thing. This slice of history of the struggle for Indian Independence, perhaps systematically, has been denied to the public at large, to ensure that an otherwise popular version stays popular. I say this only in context of published material that's promoted as important scholarship, as far as the history of Indian Independence is concerned.

This book is 2nd in a series of a collected works by Netaji. I've not read the first, so I am yet to know more about Netaji's life before 1920. This book covers the events between 1920-42, and are primarily related to goings-on of the Indian National Congress and the various people and personalities associated with the movement. In The Indian Struggle, 1920-1942, Bose presents the larger canvas of context that determined the struggle. The narrative is multi-dimensional; at the same time — a sequence of events, the impact of the effects, and the collective emotional upheavals, of all concerned. He takes care to bring in details at the right time, and importantly - in the right amount. He dwells on them, just as much is pertinent. Many events are cross-referenced often, and in good measure, which helps make sense of the complex organisation that was the Indian National Congress. The book has key insights on the arrival and growth of Communism, the nature of the devices of negotiations used by the British, and the background to a few events that we take for granted. In all this, the modesty with which he speaks about his own achievements and actions, often only through footnotes, is conspicuous.

Three personalities figure prominently: Mahatma Gandhi, Deshbandhu CR Das, and Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, in that order. Of these, the presentation on Gandhiji is most intriguing. As the reader is exposed to the inner workings of the Congress, the role played by Gandhiji, and his nature, the popular edifice of the Mahatma starts shaking, inch by inch, page by page, chapter by chapter. He continues to remain the Mahatma, but we also see him as a human. Netaji and Gandhiji disagreed more than many times on various issues, yet, Netaji clearly criticises and praises, wherever and whenever it due. The criticism and praise come in equal measure and force—evidence that Netaji understood Gandhiji like none other.

Compare,
The Indian National Congress of today is largely his (Gandhiji's) creation. The Congress Constitution is his handiwork. From a talking body he has converted the Congress into a living and fighting organisation. It has its ramifications in every town and village in India, and the entire nation has been trained to listen to one voice. Nobility of character and capacity to suffer have been made the essential tests of leadership, and the Congress is today the largest the most representative political organisation in the country.

with,
[...] the Mahatma has failed, because he had to play a dual role in one person—the role of a leader of an enslaved people and that of a world-teacher, who has a new doctrine to preach. It is this duality which has made him at once the irreconcilable foe of the Englishman, according to mr. Winston Churchill, and the best policeman of the Englishman according to Miss Ellen Wilkinson.

As we try (and often fail) making sense of Indian politics, these books — the other side of the story — are invaluable in providing a perspective. Most of us have a curated, rose-coloured, and abstract sense of our history imposed on us, which then becomes the only lens for us to see through, an limits our perspectives.

The story behind the curtain is another story, altogether.
Profile Image for Shameek Mookherjee.
44 reviews4 followers
April 8, 2016
Its my precursor. Next i will read oi mahamanab ashey by charanik. Subhas bose detailed history on the freedom movement is as real as it was. Reading this it substantiates what is happening to the indian polity now and how the dissaperance and the constructive destruction of netajis legacy by his political opponents had derailed the nationalist and most original indian thought unbiased from any religious point of view from the indian psyche. Truly subhas bose was a hero and he became a legend just by leading the nation. The first phase from the front and the second phase from behind the curtain.
Profile Image for Ayushi.
241 reviews4 followers
March 26, 2015
The best writers are the ones who are basically anything but verbose. SC Bose was one such author. This book glorifies the edict that brevity is the soul of wit.
Moving on to its contents, the book's major attraction is Bose's views on Gandhi which is a first hand account of truth and that exactly is how Gandhi should be etched in our memories.
This one is for those who can stand take the struggle for India's independence with a pinch of salt.

Enjoy!
81 reviews2 followers
July 10, 2022
Great book by Bose that explains the Political game played by the Indian Freedom fighter during the period of 1920-1942 and also the book gives a glimpse of what type of role Gandhi played in this and also many things
Profile Image for Prasenjit Basu.
70 reviews17 followers
October 9, 2020
Every Indian should read this book, as should anybody else interested in understanding India's struggle against British rule in its pivotal years (1920-42). The standard narrative by the Nehruvians pretends that anybody opposed to the Gandhi-Nehru line was either a "communalist", "collaborator with the British" or worse. This book is a necessary antidote. It gives stalwarts like Lokmanya Tilak, Lala Lajpat Rai and Madan Mohan Malviya (the latter two not only presidents of Congress, but also prominent leaders of the Hindu Mahasabha) places of prominence -- as well as Deshbandhu Chittaranjan Das, who made enormous overtures to the Muslims of Bengal in his attempt to counter British Divide & Rule. Vithalbhai Patel, speaker of the Central Legislative Assembly after the Swarajya Party dominated the 1923 general election, also receives a place of honour.

That Bhagat Singh and his mates assassinated Saunders to avenge the latter's role in lathi-charging Lala Lajpat Rai to death shows just how broad-based the national movement was. Bose excoriates Gandhi for calling off the Non-Cooperation movement after Chauri Chaura, just as Das and Bhagat Singh did -- and he is scathing about the Gandhi-Irwin Pact that implicitly allowed the British to execute Bhagat Singh, Sukdev and Rajguru a fortnight later. The role of both the non-violent and the revolutionary side of India's struggle receive their full play, as does the role of both left and right in the national movement. This book needs to be more widely known and read.
114 reviews3 followers
September 8, 2021
This book is a history of the Indian independence movement between 1920 and 1942. It deals extensively with the internal politics of the Congress Party. Pervading the whole is a hostile critique of Gandhi, and to a lesser extent, Nehru. This critique is essentially that they did not adopt Bose's own approach to seeking independence. Bose does not so much argue for his approach as state that that his approach is the clearly the correct policy. His approach would have been more revolutionary and confrontative.

I assigned it three stars mostly because I think the account would be limited interest. The book is useful in that it reveals the mindset of the future leader of the Indian National Army (which fought with the Japanese against the British in World War II). The book also has a good deal of information about the Congress Party and the British policies in the interwar period.
Profile Image for Preetam Chatterjee.
7,009 reviews376 followers
March 11, 2025
"শাসন করো জয়ী হও, জয় করিয়া ধরণী।"

ভারতের স্বাধীনতা সংগ্রামের ইতিহাসে নেতাজি সুভাষচন্দ্র বসুর অবদান অনস্বীকার্য। তাঁর রচিত 'The Indian Struggle 1920-1942' কেবল একটি ঐতিহাসিক দলিলই নয়, বরং এক চেতনার স্ফুলিঙ্গ যা ভারতের ভবিষ্যৎ দিকনির্দেশ করে। ১৯৩৪ সালে প্রকাশিত এই গ্রন্থে তিনি ১৯২০ থেকে ১৯৪২ সালের ভারতীয় জাতীয় আন্দোলনের বিশদ বিবরণ দিয়েছেন। ব্রিটিশ সরকার বইটিকে ভারতে নিষিদ্ধ করেছিল, যা এর তাৎপর্য আরও বাড়িয়ে তোলে।

"আজি ভারতবাসী সকলি ভাই, রচিব এক ভারত নূতন!"

সুভাষচন্দ্র বইটিকে দুটি ভাগে ভাগ করেছেন—প্রথম অংশে ১৯২০ থেকে ১৯৩৪ সালের ভারতীয় স্বাধীনতা সংগ্রামের বিবরণ দিয়েছেন এবং দ্বিতীয় অংশে ১৯৩৪ থেকে ১৯৪২ সাল পর্যন্ত ভবিষ্যৎ রাজনৈতিক পরিকল্পনা উপস্থাপন করেছেন।

গান্ধীবাদী অহিংস নীতির পাশাপাশি তিনি বিপ্লবী সংগ্রামের প্রয়োজনীয়তার কথাও বলেছেন। তাঁর দৃষ্টিতে কংগ্রেসের সীমাবদ্ধতা এবং ব্রিটিশ শাসনের শোষণমূলক নীতির যথাযথ বিশ্লেষণ রয়েছে।

"বিপদে মোরে রক্ষা করো, এ নহে মোর প্রার্থনা।"

এই গ্রন্থ লেখার সময় ভারতীয় রাজনীতিতে দ্বন্দ্ব ও বিভেদের সূচনা হয়েছিল। কংগ্রেসের অভ্যন্তরীণ মতবিরোধ, গান্ধীজির অহিংস আন্দোলন এবং মুসলিম লীগের পৃথক রাষ্ট্র দাবির প্রেক্ষিতে নেতাজি এক বিকল্প পথের সন্ধান করেছিলেন। তাঁর মতে, পূর্ণ স্বাধীনতা অর্জনের জন্য কেবলমাত্র অহিংস প্রতিরোধ যথেষ্ট নয়; বরং সশস্ত্র সংগ্রামও প্রয়োজনীয় হতে পারে। তিনি কমিউনিজম, ফ্যাসিবাদ এবং আন্তর্জাতিক রাজনীতির বিশ্লেষণের মাধ্যমে ভারতের স্বাধীনতা আন্দোলনের ভবিষ্যৎ পরিণতি সম্পর্কে ভবিষ্যদ্বাণী করেছিলেন।

"এ লড়াই যে শেষের লড়���ই, সত্যমিথ্যা টানাটানি!"

সুভাষচন্দ্র বসুর দর্শন ছিল একান্তই প্রাগ্রসর। তিনি কেবল ভারতীয়দের মুক্তির কথা বলেননি, বরং এশিয়ার অন্যান্য উপনিবেশবাদের শৃঙ্খল ভাঙার কথাও বলেছেন। তাঁর মতে, ব্রিটিশ সাম্রাজ্যের বিরুদ্ধে ভারতের সংগ্রাম কেবল জাতীয়তাবাদী চেতনার ফল ছিল না, বরং এটি ছিল বিশ্বব্যাপী সাম্রাজ্যবাদের বিরুদ্ধে এক বৃহত্তর লড়াই। তিনি হিটলার ও মুসোলিনির সঙ্গে তাঁর যোগাযোগের ব্যাখ্যা দিয়েছেন এবং ইউরোপের রাজনৈতিক গতিধারা বিশ্লেষণ করেছেন।

"আমরা সেই জাতি, যারা হার মানে না!"

'The Indian Struggle' গ্রন্থটি শুধুমাত্র এক ঐতিহাসিক রচনা নয়, এটি আজও অনুপ্রেরণার উৎস। তৎকালীন ভারতীয় রাজনীতির অভ্যন্তরীণ সংকট ও স্বাধীনতা সংগ্রামের মূল চালিকাশক্তিগুলোর যে বিশ্লেষণ তিনি করেছেন, তা আধুনিক ভারতের রাজনৈতিক পরিস্থিতিতেও প্রাসঙ্গিক। তবে অনেকে মনে করেন, তিনি কংগ্রেসের প্রতি অত্যন্ত সমালোচনামূলক ছিলেন এবং অহিংস সংগ্রামের ভূমিকা যথাযথভাবে মূল্যায়ন করেননি।

"জনতা জনার্দন, তোমার বিচার করবে যারা!"

সুভাষচন্দ্র বসুর 'The Indian Struggle' স্বাধীনতা আন্দোলনের এক মূল্যবান দলিল, যা শুধু অতীতের নয়, ভবিষ্যতের দিশাও নির্দেশ করে। তাঁর চিন্তাভাবনা এবং রাজনীতি আজও চর্চার বিষয়। ইতিহাসের সন্ধিক্ষণে দাঁড়িয়ে তিনি যে ভবিষ্যতের স্বপ্ন দেখেছিলেন, তা কেবলমাত্র এক স্বাধীন রাষ্ট্র গঠনের মধ্যেই সীমাবদ্ধ ছিল না; বরং তা ছিল এক সমৃদ্ধ, আত্মনির্ভরশীল ভারতের জন্য।

এই গ্রন্থ কেবল পড়ার জন্য নয়, বরং উপলব্ধি করার জন্য, চেতনায় ধারণ করার জন্য।
8 reviews10 followers
April 28, 2022
The book takes us along the arduous journey of indian politics from 1920 to 42. One cannot help but admire Subhas Chandra Bose for his
1. unprejudiced assesment of the indian political scenario at the time,
2. clarity of thoughts regarding what the plan of action should be,
3. sincerity and fervour with which he set about achieveing his goal, which was complete independence.

Rarely do we come across people with such sincerity and selflessness of spirit. He details the historical facts as objectively as possible. Towards the end of the book, he logically dissects the problem of India at that time and comes up with the best possible solutions. And he does not end at analyses. He does what he has to, even if that means befriending the axis powers or working without the support of the other ("rightist") Congress stalwarts.
I would recommend this book to all Indians.
Profile Image for Deepanshu Aggarwal.
140 reviews7 followers
January 3, 2022
This book, written by one of the most inspiring freedom fighters that India has produced, describes the political and social events taking place during a time mentioned in the book's subtitle in the process of reclaiming India's freedom from the colonial British rulers. Largely, the book is descriptive in nature in that it is a chronological expression of events that took place in the freedom struggle. Only at a few places you'd find Netaji's personal views or opinions on what was happening or what might happen in the future. Can combine this book with other books one is reading on India's freedom struggle.
Profile Image for Rahul Shelke.
26 reviews2 followers
July 8, 2020
This is the best book to know the overall account of the Indian Freedom struggle between 1920 - 1942. This also gives an overall account of who, why, when, and what did for Indian freedom. At some point, it also shakes belief about Mahatma Gandhi and makes you realize that he was a human being too.

This is really a great read and I would recommend this to everyone who is interested in learning about Indian Freedom struggle from a multi-dimensional angle and not just propaganda angle of the textbooks that we read in schools.
36 reviews
July 10, 2021
Changed alot of my perspective towards Netaji and Left-Wingers, & shone somewhat translucent facts and figures of Gandhiji (I find some arguments disputable and biased).

As for the history lesson, this book covers in great detail our dispossession & subjugation at the hands of foreign fascists masquerading as benevolent administrators "trying" pulling India from her isolation towards modernization & globalisation.
7 reviews1 follower
November 26, 2017
This book was amazing! It gave me an extremely deep insight into the happenings in Subhash Chandra Bose's life, and the many political, economic and social ideologies there were in the Indian society at the time. Furthermore, I was able to learn more about the INA, and the intriguing, strategic ways through which Bse implemented his modernistic views to try to make India stand on its own feet.
643 reviews14 followers
December 29, 2018
Subhas babu’s lucid account of the Indian struggle from 1920 to 1934 and a brief account of 1935-1942. An assessment of Gandhi. Extremely interesting reading.

*
First Line: It is only during the last three decades that attempts have been made to give a true picture of the history of India since the earliest times
32 reviews
April 15, 2021
The one man army

The writer of this book is the greatest political leader of India. He was able to anticipate the political situation of the world long before other Indian leaders and due to that India gained her independence. India still need a leader like him who will move the nation in the right direction. He is the inspiration of billions of Indians.
Profile Image for Manjit.
9 reviews
July 8, 2017
The journey of Indian independence through the eyes of Netaji.
4 reviews
July 24, 2020
Vande matram ..... This book boils my blood..... It was previlage to read book of great person ..
Profile Image for Vinay.
45 reviews1 follower
July 29, 2020
a very good book on the history of Indian struggle
Profile Image for Santosh Kumar.
4 reviews4 followers
September 28, 2014
direct and straightforward without any flowery prose netaji in these two volumes sketches the road of indian freedom struggle . It clears much of the gloss over key events in which he clashed with gandhi and "old guards" . Not a gripping narrative but an insightful one.
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