Within computer science, an algorithm is a process or set of rules that are followed to solve a problem.
Chris Smith has designed and written a book for beginners who have no previous experience (or are even aware of the concept) with machine learning. For openers he states, ‘Machine learning is a growing field that has gained lots of momentum within the last few years. From new drug discovery to better web search, credit card fraud detection and language translation, it is upending how we learn, interact, and live. Machine learning is a field within computer science that exists to help make artificial intelligence a reality by enabling computers to learn, act and adapt on their own. One of the best examples of this is Google's self-driving car project called Waymo, which began in 2009. From rain storms to traffic jams and road closures, self-driving vehicles need to constantly learn and adapt to changing road conditions, and machine learning is what makes it possible.’
Nice accessible intro but the book rapidly moves into the realm of algorithms or sets of rules.
‘Multiple components work in tandem to enable machines to learn, but one of the most prominent are algorithms. Algorithms - or sets of rules - are what enable computers to work with data and make predictions from it.’ He presents three popular algorithms - supervised, unsupervised and semi-supervised. ‘Decision trees fall into "supervised" learning, which is important to understand.’
Moving into the subject of the book, ‘Decision trees are a powerful and versatile tool that can be used to solve a wide-range of problems. They can be quickly scratched out by hand to make a fast decision or coded in an algorithm and used to approach complex scenarios.’ Or breaking it down into a definition, ‘At its core, a decision tree is a tool that helps you make better decisions by exploring outcomes and scenarios, but there are many other ways that it can be explained. Here are a few: A decision tree is a graph that uses branching methods to illustrate a course of action and various outcomes. A decision tree is a flowchart that helps you make decisions while taking possible outcomes into consideration. A decision tree helps you assess and analyze scenarios and consequences that you might not normally think of.’
The technical aspects of learning this algorithm Chris handles very well indeed: ‘There are many ways to approach making a decision tree by hand, and one of the easiest is to tackle the problem in 6 steps: Step 1: Determine Your Initial Question/Problem Step 2: Determine Your Decision and Unknown Step 3: Determine the Values Step 4: Determine the Probabilities Step 5: Calculate the Weighted Value Step 6: Calculate the Net Benefit of Each Decision’ and then follows this lesson with scenarios that illustrate the concepts. ‘Decision trees are powerful when used on a basic level, but when combined with machine learning they can conquer incredible feats. Companies such as Gerber Products Inc. (baby food) to IBM use decision tree algorithms to help make faster and better decisions, and they are not alone. From banking to manufacturing to agriculture, machine learning is revolutionizing how products are made, customers are acquired, and decisions are implemented.’
All of this may seem daunting to read without the context of the visuals that make learning these algorithms less threatening. Chris Smith has tackled a topic about which we must all become familiar in this current world – and he makes the journey entertaining!