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The Crescent and the Compass: Islam, Freemasonry, Esotericism and Revolution in the Modern Age

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A timely survey of radical spirituality and political activism in Islam and the West
over the last century and a half, The Crescent And The Compass uncovers numerous
previously unknown and unexplored connections between European, American,
and Middle Eastern movements, organizations, secret societies, and thinkers. Subjects covered include Sufism and Islamic Gnosticism; Muslim revolutionaries and
Freemasons; René Guénon, fringe Masonry, Traditionalism, and Islam; the early
history of the Shriners; the Ancient Order of Zuzimites; Charles, Prince of Wales and
Islamic spirituality; and militant anti-Freemasonry. Praise for the First Edition : “...a highly significant work... of extra ordinary importance in this time of cultural and even spiritual conflict.” – Robert Black, New Dawn magazine. “... an excellent reminder of the wisdom that can come studying the intersections of cultures, people, and places.” – Aimee E. Newell, The Northern Light. “Millar’s... understanding of his chosen subjects is deep. I can recommend this book wholeheartedly as an example of scholarship and research in the interest of making clearer Freemasonry’s tangled relationship with little-understood trends and figures in the modern world.” – Jay Kinney, The Plumbline (Scottish Rite Research Society).

218 pages, Hardcover

First published February 5, 2015

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About the author

Angel Millar

14 books115 followers
Author and public speaker Angel Millar was born in a suburb of London, England. He attended Chelsea College and Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design, where he developed both his interest in the arts and in spirituality. He later moved to North America, spending several years in Canada. He now lives in New York City.

He is the author of several books on Freemasonry, esotericism, symbolism, and mysticism. His upcoming book is The Three Stages of Initiatic Spirituality: Craftsman, Warrior, Magician (February 2020, Inner Traditions publishing). In it, Millar explores the three archetypes through the world's cultures, both ancient and modern, from shamanism, ancient Greek philosophy, alchemy, and Kabbalah, through Buddhism, Hinduism, Taoism, the martial arts (of China, Russia, and Persia), to Jungian psychology, the positive thinking movement, and chaos magic.

Designed as a kind of literary initiation, The Three Stages of Initiatic Spirituality: Craftsman, Warrior, Magician is divided into three sections, each with chapters explaining the history, myths, symbolism, rituals, and practices of one of the three archetypes.

In his daily life, Millar does his best to integrate these three archetypes, practicing art and writing (craftsman), martial arts, physical training, and Chi Gong (warrior), and meditation, inner-alchemy, visualization, and positive thinking (magician).

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Profile Image for Murtaza.
712 reviews3,386 followers
July 21, 2022
For reasons that someone else can perhaps analyze I have a taste for esoteric, alternative histories of the world particularly in terms of the development of intellectual and spiritual life. One of the most interesting clandestine movements in my view over the last few centuries has been Traditionalism, which has claimed as sympathizers and adherents people as diverse as Sayyid Hossein Nasr, Prince Charles, Aldous Huxley, and Steve Bannon. Traditionalism was a response to the perceived spiritual deracination of the world under modernity. Amid all that we have gained materially, something important has been forgotten. Traditionalists argue for going back to spiritual and religious sources of inspiration to rediscover these values and bring them back to the modern world, usually through some form of gnostic practice and ritual. It is a surprisingly ecumenical movement and holds that all religions are more or less pointing towards the same ultimate truth. It’s just your choice which path to follow to get there.

This book is about the covert global society known as the Freemasons which was once highly popular among elites, and which drew upon Traditionalist ideas of spirituality and religion. Being a Freemason was essentially like being part of a brotherhood of likeminded individuals (usually men) who decided to put their other religious, racial, and cultural differences aside and embrace a new identity based on a mixture of material progress and worship of the sacred. Although most Freemasons, particularly in the West, were Christians, Islam exerted a significant influence on the culture of the orders. Western travelers in the premodern Muslim world were often intrigued by the secretive and spiritualist Sufi brotherhoods they sometimes encountered there and which were the most common form of religious organization for centuries until the emergence of liberal secularism and Salafism. Many of these Westerners came back to their home countries and created Freemason orders that incorporated the same mix of ritual, spirituality, and kinship that they saw among the Sufis. You can still see residues of this in the attire of Freemason-descended organizations like the Shriners with their red fezzes. They didn’t become Muslims per se of course, but they created a Traditionalist amalgam of Christianity, Islam, and other Eastern religious beliefs in an effort to create a coherent spiritual program for the modern world.

Over time the Freemason lodges grew and spread around the world. They wound up including Jews, as well as actual Muslims and even Hindus and Buddhists among their members. In the West, being a Freemason was often seen as a way of getting back in touch with spirituality. But for lodges in the East, of which there were many, being a Freemason was seen in contrast as a means of tapping into currents of progress and globalization. Ironically, today Freemasonry is something attacked and derided by many Islamist groups and used as a shorthand for cultural Westernization, to which they are opposed. The truth though is that many diverse types of people have been Freemasons and Traditionalists, from Islamist revolutionaries to Western elites.

The extent to which Freemasonry continues to exert a meaningful political influence on the world today is beyond my ability to judge. It undeniably loomed large for a long time however as a cultural undercurrent of globalization and modernity. As a kid I remember watching an episode of The Simpsons loosely based on the Freemasons and hearing a number of conspiracy theories about them from friends, particularly among Muslim immigrants. I thought this book was a little in the weeds, but if you wanted an engaging and politically relevant book to learn more about Traditionalism as a whole, which definitely does continue to exert an impact on politics through people like Steve Bannon, Aleksandr Dugin, and many others, I’d recommend War for Eternity: Inside Bannon's Far-Right Circle of Global Power Brokers by Benjamin Teitelbaum.
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