TW/CW: Rape, child sexual abuse, abuse, sexual slavery, bayoneting, mutilation, incarceration, execution
This book contains interviews and testimonies of Filipino women and girls who were victims of military sexual slavery, and who are also known as "comfort women." Soldiers in the Imperial Japanese Army stole and raped women and girls. The Japanese government has not apologized for these crimes. Sexual violence is a weapon of war and it is happening today in places like Congo where there is an ongoing genocide and soldiers are raping women and girls.
I am horrified reading the Lolas' testimonies.
The Japanese government needs to issue a formal apology to sex slaves, NOT a personal apology from a government official. The Japanese government needs to give sex slaves compensation for their suffering. The Japanese government needs to document the Imperial Japanese Army's crimes of military sexual slavery in official histories. (paraphrased from chapter Welcome to Lolas' House, page 7).
After having read this book, the phrase "Kura! Kura!" saddens me. In many of the testimonies of these Filipina women, they state that Japanese soldiers said these words right before kidnapping and raping them. "Kura! Kura" must have traumatized the 400,000 women and girls whom the Japanese soldiers raped and abused, and 200,000 of them are Chinese, and that is heartbreaking (Chapter: "400,000" Page 265).
I appreciate that M. Evelina Galang and the others built genuine friendships with the Lolas of LILA Pilipina, and they put time and effort in befriending them before conducting interviews. In fact, the Lolas had asked about the conduction of interviews before Galang had.
Every single testimony of the Filipina "comfort women" is horrifying. Lola Pilar Frias and other girls were tied at the waist in a rope together so that they couldn't escape.
I appreciate Galang's writing style and how she uses metaphors. A good example is the chapter "Turtle! Turtle!" and how she explains what "Kura! Kura!" means to Filipina survivors. She writes conclusions to every survivor's chapter with metaphors and/or subtext that reflect the survivor's experiences, and/or how trauma manifests itself, and this is accomplished beautifully. Galang is thoughtful in how she frames each survivor's testimony, and she humanizes each Lola--the contextualizing and unique way she writes about each Lola is a small act of justice in itself because the Japanese soldiers had dehumanized them and the world ignores them.
The next part of my review includes chapter names, which are the names of the Lolas, at the end of what I'm referencing and paraphrasing. If you want to read the book before seeing the rest of my review, feel free to do so.
I am furious at the sand pit and the soldiers treating them like fish (Cristita Alcober). The soldiers mutilating, humiliating, torturing, and executing fathers, throwing children into the air and skewering them with bayonets (Narcisa Adriatico Claveria).
The fact that Filipina comfort women and hundreds of thousands of other military sex slaves kept these stories to themselves for half a century (Prescila Bartonico). Due to victim-blaming and victim shaming, people not believing them, the trauma being insurmountable.
Tira ng hapones. I hate the fact that the Lolas had faced victim shaming because the Japanese soldiers raped them. I hate that the Lolas' husbands treated them like leftovers and trash when they'd returned from the soldiers kidnapping and raping them, that the Lolas' mothers turned away from them. How dare they?
I learned about the controversial Asian Women's Fund which private citizens and businesses of Japan had created, and how many Filipina survivors declined the money because they wanted the apology and reparations from the Japanese government (Atanacia Cortez). In this chapter, I also learned about the survivor Lola Juanita Jamot who accepted the money because she has no family to support her and she depends on the support of LILA Pilipina. I am sorry that Lola Juanita has no family to help her. I hate that she had survived kidnapping and rape during war and that she had to experience living alone as an elderly person with no family to help her. I hate this world.
I had read The Rape of Nanking by Iris Chang years before and learned about the Nanjing Massacre which the Imperial Japanese Army had committed. The bayoneting, executions, rape, and military sexual slavery are atrocious. While reading Lolas' House, I was aware that the bayoneting, executing, and sexual slavery which the Japanese soldiers had committed against the Chinese is also what they then did to Filipinos. However, please remember the large scale of the Nanjing Massacre and the fact that the Japanese forced 200,000 Chinese women and girls into sexual slavery, so we cannot say that what the Japanese did to the Chinese is the exact same as what they did to everyone else in the lands they had occupied. The Imperial Japanese Army used methods of violence such as bayoneting, mutilating, torturing, raping, forcing people into sexual slavery, anywhere they went, so that includes East Asia, Southeast Asia, and the Pacific. In total, that's about 400,000 women and girls. And no justice to this day.
It is admirable that Lola Carmencita Cosio Ramel crafted a tapestry of what she'd experienced. She stitched images of the Japanese soldiers kidnapping and raping her and bayoneting babies. This work of art is important to acknowledge her story.
Galang also mentions Lee Yong-Su, who is one of the remaining "comfort women" survivors of South Korea, and that she had met her on Capitol Hill. I know that Lee Yong-Su is fighting for an apology and reparations, and reading the context Galang provides about seeing her again and why she's angry also made me furious (Daughter of This Country). I am so sorry that Lee Yong-Su has been fighting for so long without justice.
I appreciate Galang for mentioning Iris Chang and mourning her. I am saddened that Iris went through so much and received threats from Japanese ultranationalists. I hope Iris is resting in peace now.
Every single testimony is heartbreaking and tears well in my eyes. I appreciate the photographs of the Lolas, the map, and the list of survivors' names. The Lolas describe many things in graphic detail, and I'm sorry that they had to go through so much trauma, keep it all a secret for decades, and re-live the trauma while giving testimonies.
Laban. Laban. LABAN!
The pages I provide in this review are based on my ebook and might be different because of my large font size.