Beyond Belief!
Juan Pujol, was born in 1912 in Barcelona, Spain. As a child, although small of stature, his mother considered him to be very wild, always injured because of his uncontrolled exuberance, incorrigible and no punishment seemed effective. He was not deliberately destructive, but his vivid, imagination caused him to become whoever he imagined, such as a knight, a desperado, or a cowboy like Tom Mix. Never malicious, however, he helped everyone. Although a mediocre student, he became fascinated with history and spoke five languages, Spanish, Catalan, French, English and Portuguese. His father despised war, bloody revolutions, unfair authority and advocated respecting the individuality of humans, their sorrows and sufferings.
Barcelona was a highly combustible, dangerous place with political coups, religious frictions, riots and murders. Although Pujol’s family were financially secure, Pujol left school to work at menial labor, the long hours wearing him down and he quit. Being all velocity and no direction propelled him into a series of mad love affairs. In 1933 he filled his compulsory six months military service. In 1934 his father died, which devastated him. From then on, everything he tried failed.
In 1936 the Spanish Civil War started and Pujol experienced the terribleness of war. During the war Hitler and the Nazis backed Franco, who became dictator of Spain and Spain harbored many Spanish Nazi sympathizers. Over the next few years Pujol hid several months to keep from being forced into the military, was captured, imprisoned, and then freed by a friend. The war had eaten up his youth and ideals; left him physically wasted; his fortune was gone and his country in ruins. Now instead of being a dreamer, his survivor’s wit was sharpened to a keen edge. It was as if his fantasies had been pruned so that he understood human nature under pressure. Pujol met and married a beautiful nurse, Araceli, who aided Pujol in helping the allies, she also being a dreamer.
In September 1939, WWII began when Germany invaded Poland. Pujol hated Hitler’s viciousness and considered him inhuman. Everything he believed in lay with the Allies. He determined that he would help them against Hitler. By 1940 Hitler seemed unstoppable and he desperately wanted to be part of the fight. The lure of espionage spoke to Pujol because it would allow his imagination to run riot and fulfill his father’s ideals. He needed a passport to get out of Spain, into Portugal and then to England.
In January 1941, he walked into the British embassy in Madrid and offered his services as a spy, although he knew nothing about espionage. Madrid was like an arm of Berlin, it was so filled with Nazi slogans, Nazi agents and pro-Nazis. He went to the British and offered his help and was turned down as a matter of political policy , not because of the merits of his offer. So Pujol decided the only way he could help the Allies was to become a double agent, starting with spying for the German spy service “Abwehr.” He thought that if he helped the British by being a spy for the Germans, then the British would accept him as their spy (a double agent).
The German embassy in Madrid was a hive of Nazi intelligence with over five hundred people operating out of its sections of espionage, counter-espionage and sabotage. Abwehr directed another fifteen hundred operators out in the field all over Spain. It had its own wireless station and a new radio tower. Pujol approached Abwehr and offered his services in espionage.
Fredrico met him as a German agent runner who recruited and trained spies. When Fredrico asked Pujol what he thought he could do for the Nazis, Pujol lit up, slid into the actor he was and loudly proclaimed his hatred of the Allies and his love for Hitler. Frederico asked him how he proposed to help them and Pujol pronounced loud and clear of all the ways he proposed to do this, which was the beginning of thousands of lies that Pujol told thereafter in his role. He simply became another person, the epitome of his fantasies, and as fast as he was asked how, why, when or where by the Nazis, he could answer so glibly that he convinced Fredrico. With little training, Pujol moved to Lisbon, sending to the Madrid Abwehr office messages as though he were actually in London. He read the British newspapers, listened to the radio, and used every means of little information he could glean to then turn it into what appeared to be vital information and send it to the Nazis Madrid office. During these years, he totally gained the confidence of that office and the Madrid office was sending his information on to Berlin and Hitler’s desk. There was so much authenticity in his reports, that he was believed.
During this time he also went four more times to the British embassy, offering his services and was turned down. Certainly they didn’t trust him. In 1941 the British had no espionage service. They didn’t even know where to start except for one man who had a little experience in it from WWI. They began to recruit authors of spy stories, actors, people from all walks of life, attempting to put together some type of spy rings. In October 1941, the British code breakers picked up a message out of the air directed to the Germans from a man named Arabel reporting an English convoy in a bay in northern Wales. When the British immediately checked it out, there was no such convoy and for the next few days they continued to pick up messages from Arabel where he was following the convoy down the channel and yet the British knew he was lying. Then they made an all out attempt to determine who this Arabel was. One day they received a message from their British embassy in Madrid advising them of a Spaniard who kept coming there offering his services as a spy.
The British sent a man to meet with Pujol and Pujol told him all about himself and how he was an active spy for the Abwehr, but his reports were all lies. He convinced the British and they flew him out of Portugal to England. In England he was paired with a man named Thomas Harris, who was an M15 agent and between Harris and Pujol they came up with the most fantastic ideas to lead the German military astray. They were so good that eventually even Hitler relied on Pujol’s reports. Like all spies, Pujol had to have a English cover name and he was named Garbo because he was as good an actor as she was an actress.
Hitler knew that the Allies would invade France but where? The Germans had already been defeated in north Africa and he needed to know where they would land. Calais was much near to England with good beaches, but Normandy also would be a good spot. There were many more divisions of German military in France than Eisenhower would have to begin the invasion and then hold the territory against the German Panzer division, which was in the area.
The balance of the book is committed to all of the actions, events, and scripts that Harris and Garbo dreamed up to fool Hitler, how often it had to be changed and the several times that military trials of those scripts failed. The fascinating story is extremely informative and educational especially for those who were aware of that invasion, never realizing that it probably would have failed if it had not been for the talents of one man, Juan Pujol.
It was a page turner for this reviewer. When I was not actually reading it, the events were still running through my mind because I was a teenager at the time of D-Day and I knew many of the returning veterans who participated in it. This is an experienced author who has written other such stories, and he makes the words come to life for the reader. I loved it.