انگیزه نیکسون‌کُشی و جشن انقلاب شیلی

by Pablo Neruda, فرامرز سلیمانی (Translator), احمد کریمی‌حکاک (Translator)

پابلونرودا شاعر شیلیائی که سرزمین‌های شگفت آور عشق را در دوران جوانی در نوردیده است، اینک به روزگار پیری به آن مضامین بدرود می‌گوید و بی‌قراری‌هایش را به میهنش – شیلی – باز می‌آورد و با شمشیری آخته در کنار آلنده بر نیکسون می‌تازد که دندانش را برای سرمایه‍‌های ملی شیلی تیز کرده است. نرودا در اینجا نیز همچون در سرود اعتراض، وجدان بیدار و صدای خشم آلوده مردم است. قلب او همیشه لبریز از عشق به شیلی بوده و الهام او صلح و امید، و رزم ابزار او شعر.

انگیزه نیکسون کشی و جشن انقلاب شیلی را از مهمترین کتاب شعرهای ضدآمریکایی جهان قلمداد می‌کنند. برخی از پژوهشگران می‌گویند انتشار همین شعرها علت اصلی مرگ مشکوک او بوده است.

Genres: Poetry, Politics

107 pages, Paperback

First published January 1, 1973

About the author

Pablo Neruda, born Ricardo Eliécer Neftalí Reyes Basoalto in 1904 in Parral, Chile, was a poet, diplomat, and politician, widely considered one of the most influential literary figures of the 20th century. From an early age, he showed a deep passion for poetry, publishing his first works as a teenager. He adopted the pen name Pablo Neruda to avoid disapproval from his father, who discouraged his literary ambitions. His breakthrough came with Veinte poemas de amor y una canción desesperada (Twenty Love Poems and a Song of Despair, 1924), a collection of deeply emotional and sensual poetry that gained international recognition and remains one of his most celebrated works.
Neruda’s career took him beyond literature into diplomacy, a path that allowed him to travel extensively and engage with political movements around the world. Beginning in 1927, he served in various consular posts in Asia and later in Spain, where he witnessed the Spanish Civil War and became an outspoken advocate for the Republican cause. His experiences led him to embrace communism, a commitment that would shape much of his later poetry and political activism. His collection España en el corazón (Spain in Our Hearts, 1937) reflected his deep sorrow over the war and marked a shift toward politically engaged writing.
Returning to Chile, he was elected to the Senate in 1945 as a member of the Communist Party. However, his vocal opposition to the repressive policies of President Gabriel Gonzalez Videla led to his exile. During this period, he traveled through various countries, including Argentina, Mexico, and the Soviet Union, further cementing his status as a global literary and political figure. It was during these years that he wrote Canto General (1950), an epic work chronicling Latin American history and the struggles of its people.
Neruda’s return to Chile in 1952 marked a new phase in his life, balancing political activity with a prolific literary output. He remained a staunch supporter of socialist ideals and later developed a close relationship with Salvador Allende, who appointed him as Chile’s ambassador to France in 1970. The following year, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, recognized for the scope and impact of his poetry. His later years were marked by illness, and he died in 1973, just days after the military coup that overthrew Allende. His legacy endures, not only in his vast body of work but also in his influence on literature, political thought, and the cultural identity of Latin America.

Reviews

[حسن صنوبری · Rating 5 out of 5]

آدم های عاشق عصبانی نمی شوند، دست کم به این راحتی ها، دست کم برای مسائل پیش پا افتاده، اما وقتی عصبانی می شوند، عصبانی می شوند! شدیدتر و شعله ورتر و خشم آگین تر از آدم های معمولی.
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پابلو نرودا یکی از آن عاشق های عصبانی بود، وگرنه شاعر عشق و گل سرخ را به عصبانیت و سیاست چه کار؟ او را عصبانی کردند دشمنان خارجی و خائنان داخلی کشورش. این شد که مجبور شد در آخرین دفترش بگوید: «خداحافظ عشق! می بوسمت تا فردا!»
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نرودا شاعر و سیاستمدار انقلابی مشهور اهل شیلی را از وجهی شاید بتوان بزرگترین شاعر ضدآمریکایی جهان دانست. البته که جدا از فعالیت ها و شعرهای سیاسی، او در شمار برترین شاعران و عاشقانه سرایان روزگار خود بود و از این نظر با ناظم حکمت دیگر شاعر عاشقانه سرا و ضدآمریکایی قابل مقایسه است. اهدای جایزه نوبل 1971 به پابلو نرودا، خود شاهدی بود بر اینکه نمی توانستند جایگاه ادبی او را نادیده بگیرند. اما اتفاقاتی که برای سرزمینش رخ داد از او یک شاعر تمام عیار سیاسی، وطن پرست و ضدآمریکایی ساخت. او برای ملی ماندن صنعت مس کشورش و پایان دادن به اعمال نفوذها، چپاول ها و دزدی های آمریکایی ها و غربی ها از کشورش، خشاب قلمش را با گلوله های آتشین شعر پر کرد و در کنار رئیس جمهور مردمی کشورش سالوادور آلنده به جنگ دشمنان و مهره گردانان خارجی و خائنان و مهره های داخلی رفت. تا اینکه دوازده روز پس از کودتای پینوشه در 1973، بمباران کاخ ریاست جمهوری و قتل آلنده، شاعر آزاده ی ما نیز توسط ایادی کودتای آمریکایی مسموم و به قتل رسید
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هشت ماه پیش از زمان کودتا آخرین کتاب شعر نرودا با عنوان صریح و ضدآمریکاییِ «فراخوانی برای کشتار نیکسون و شادمانی برای انقلاب شیلی» نگاشته شد. کتابی که تا هفت سال پس از کودتا اجازه انتشار در شیلی را پیدا نکرد و نشر و توزیع جهانی کتاب نیز بیش از این زمان به طول انجامید، با اینکه مولفش بزرگترین چهره هنری ادبی شیلی بود
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بسیاری از هنرمندان برتر جهان با افشاگری های نرودا نسبت به این موضوع واکنش نشان دادند. از جمله «گابریل گارسیا مارکز» که در این باب کتابی نوشت با عنوان «مرگ سالوادور آلنده» و «کاستا گاوراس» که فیلم «گم شده» خود را در حاشیه ماجرای همین کودتا ساخت
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link: متن کامل یادداشتم درباره ماجراهای این کتاب

[António Jacinto · Rating 4 out of 5]

Belo registo emocional, quase diário, de uma revolução que os EUA, mais um vez, atraiçoaram. O texto gravita entre um estilo épico, mordaz e quase naif. A tradução do Alexandre O' Neill é espantosa, como não poderia deixar de ser. Juntando isto, por coincidência, aos novos dados sobre a morte por envenenamento de Neruda, ressalta um travo amargo de revolta contra a podridão da direita chilena e da ingerência norte-americana.

[Alessandro Migliori · Rating 3 out of 5]

Esile ma abbastanza significativo: un testamento politico e un'invettiva contro quel boia di Nixon. Tuttavia tra poesia e politica questo testo si ferma più sulla prima, non va a fondo delle questioni pratiche ma si limita alle sensazioni dell'autore su quello che sta succedendo intorno a lui. Quindi come testamento politico non funziona proprio al cento per cento, mentre come poesia è abbastanza riuscita. Purtroppo non posso dare più di un 3++ quasi 4. Invece l'idea dell'eliminazione (politica ahem sia chiaro ahem) di Nixon mi pare la cosa più giusta mai pensata.

[Andrés Zelada · Rating 4 out of 5]

No soy yo mucho de poesía ni me cae bien Pablo Neruda, pero he disfrutado este breve volumen de poesías amargas y temerosas pero, aun así, ilusionadas. Ay.

[Julio The Fox · Rating 5 out of 5]

Fidel Castro had a great sense of humor and so, when Richard Nixon's name was printed in Cuban newspapers the X in Nixon was changed to a swastika! That is the spirit behind Pablo Neruda's NIXONCIDIO, his last poetic work published before Nixon and Kissinger extinguished Chilean democracy. Normally, I don't embrace conspiracy theories but am now convinced that Neruda's death, coming only a few days after CIA monkey Pinochet seized power in Chile on September 11, 1973, was murder, and that this volume played a role in setting that assassination into motion.

[Adrián Masa de Vega · Rating 5 out of 5]

"Amo la paz por variadas razones: una es porque el canto del trabajo se une al color solar de los limones. Y porque los programas populares producirán tractores y cerezos: todo lo hace el amor y los amores del pueblo en su batalla y su proceso".

[Dorian · Rating 1 out of 5]

listen, one of my absolute favourite combinations are poetry and politics but man did I only get what he was talking about very few times.

[Sergio · Rating 5 out of 5]

Esto es simplemente increible

[Ghazal · Rating 3 out of 5]

"از ما کشوری ساخته‌اند،
زخم خورده‌ی زندان‌ها و شمشیر‌ها! "

[Olive Disaster · Rating 5 out of 5]

an underread masterpiece

[Wyma]

This is a tiny chapbook, hastily put together so that a quarter of the pages are upside down. It was translated close to the time it was published - around 1968-69. A later translation was published more widely. I was looking for a poem I heard at a film called Incitement to Nixoncide at the University of Arizona in 1968. I did not find the poem; perhaps it was the reader's and not Neruda's. It is fascinating as the lead-up to the Allende Marxist presidency of Chile (1970), showing the poet already angry with the United States for taking Chile's copper and suspicious of President Nixon, who cast himself as a bringer of peace who would get America out of Vietnam. In 1973 the CIA assisted a coup to take Allende's government; Allende died during the coup. Neruda, always close to Allende, died the same year.

[Hendrick J. · Rating 4 out of 5]

Un gran sin numero de balas, que logró Neruda disparar desde su advertencia en la "Explicación perentoria" que anexa el libro. Excelente libro de poemas que desde el titulo hasta el ultimo poema te atrapa, te lleva a vivir y sentir todas esas sensaciones que tenía Neruda por aquel tiempo; aunque el libro este un tanto relacionado directamente a la política chilena en los años en los que Neruda escribió dichos poemas, no deja de impactar la naturaleza con la que escribió. Apuntó, disparó y se desahogo.

[Randy]

The Spanish here was challenging for my level but very rewarding, more, I must admit, than the accompanying English translations. I suppose this isn't for you if Nixon is your favorite historical figure, because Neruda certainly has a bone to pick, but I thought the poems were even more poignant knowing the events of the coup that followed shortly after this book's publication. If you want to investigate making the poetic political, this is a great place to start.

[Payam · Rating 5 out of 5]

One of the most admirable poetry works of our time by my favorite poet Pablo Neruda. Entirely committed yet brilliant in poetical charisma.

[Michael · Rating 3 out of 5]

Sería difícil decir que la poesía brille, pero como objet d'art, artefacto de su tiempo, es bueno conocerlo.