The Baron was given a three-layered wolf-fur brush to create small strokes and dots. His posture was correct, and his neck muscles tightened with tension. His hand trembled. He could wield a scalpel with delicacy but the brush was a clumsy twig in his hand. He struggled, powerless to control his movement, to calm himself.
Teacher told him to stop. "You must consider the brush in a different way. Release the brush."
"Put it down?"
"No. Release the brush while you hold the brush."
The Baron was confused, uncertain if his teacher was joking or if he'd misunderstood. Xiansheng was implacable. He instructed the Baron to sit with the brush for half an hour. It took fifteen minutes for his anger to subside. His teacher then read one of the principles of calligraphy that had been set down in the seventh century by a master Taoist calligraphist, Yu Shi'nan: "'If his mind is not tranquil, the writing will not be straight.'"
Xiansheng's expression was usually neutral, but occasionally the Baron caught a hint of the man's approval. Or perhaps this was just what he craved. During a lesson, he learned the character ming, for "brilliance," which submerged the individual characters for sun and moon. Astonished by the beautiful simplicity of this word picture, he sought his teacher's eyes, stricken by the realization that he would never master the language. At that moment, Xiansheng's eyes shone with compassion. (p. 45)
Calligraphy was a forest. No, a labyrinth of spikes where a man could be lost. A sanctuary of discipline. The soft slide of his brush on paper released the Baron's anxiety. Each brushstroke demanded his focus and skill, but lack of control was evident at the feathery edges of characters where bristles separated, producing streaky ragged-textured lines known as "flying white." At a certain angle, he could see his moving hand reflected in the shining wet black lines as if it were disconnected from his body. A black shadow on black. (p. 96)
Xiansheng had written the character jen for the Baron to copy, explaining it represented goodness, the virtue that must unite men. "When you work, remember each brushstroke must have vitality, life. Otherwise it is baibi, a defeating or dead stroke. An empty stroke is a fault."
He straightened his body in the chair at the table, his neck aching. He balanced the brush between stiff fingers, its quivering bristles finer than feathers. He tried to summon calm to his fingers, to his wrist. His awareness of his hands expanded, bones inflating inside the flesh of his fingers like a glove. I cannot make the first mark. He tried to focus but his eyes continually slipped back off the paper, sliding across it without the anchor of a black brushstroke.
Then he became angry. He was a doctor, an aristocrat, intimidated by the silent regard of a man whose language he imperfectly understood. A dead stroke? Was he at fault for not understanding? No one could understand. It was a trick, a puzzle.
He glanced at Xiansheng, aware that his expression was defiant. He thinks I'm a barbarian.
Xiansheng answered his look. "When I was young and studying calligraphy, my teacher took away my brush to help me."
The Baron was confused. "No brush?"
"I had practiced and practiced. Many considered my brushwork excellent. But my mind was unsettled. My teacher quoted the Taoist master calligraphist Yu Shi'nan: 'In the transformation of his mind, the calligrapher borrows the brush. It is not the brush that works the miracle.' He instructed me to write the characters without a brush, to only imagine using it. I did as he said. My teacher was unable to tell if I had followed his direction, but my hand became freer."
The words seemed simple, but as the Baron struggled to understand them, their meaning became more dense and tangled.
"The brush isn't the tool. A famous calligrapher used a brush the size of a cabbage."
By the time he translated this sentence, the Baron was smiling, pulled from the web of his thought. The spring wound inside him loosened. Uncoiled. His hands relaxed and the brush made its first mark, luo bi, on paper. (p. 159-160)
"Ink has been made from the same materials for hundreds of years. A hole is carved into the base of a pine tree. A small lamp is fit inside . The heat of the lamp encourages the resin to flow from the tree. After the resin has been drained, the tree is cut down and burned for several days in a kiln. The black soot is scraped from the kiln walls and mixed with glue made from animal hide or fish skin to make the ink. The different qualities of ink depend on the type of pine or fir that was burned. A skilled eye can distinguish between them. The finest ink is dongquan, made with dark amber-colored glue, molded into sticks, and elaborately carved. Rich men hoard these ink sticks like jade and never use them."
"I know the words for pine-soot ink. Songyan mo," said the Baron.
Xiansheng had gradually introduced the different brushstrokes used in calligraphy so as not to overwhelm his student. Always hold the brush vertically. Stroke it left to right, top to bottom. "Master calligraphists have described the three characteristic brushstrokes for calligraphy and painting. Long strokes are bones, muscles are short strokes, flesh forms the connecting strokes."
The Baron learned by copying, tracing the characters faintly visible on a second paper underneath the top sheet. He touched the brush to the ink. Every muscle in his back held him tense as he worked the brush. His fingers strained and tightened. He criticized himself. Frustrated and angry, he set the brush down.
Teacher offered little comfort when his student struggled but he acknowledged the decision to stop with a nod of approval. He waited in silence until he had the Baron's full attention. "There are beautiful ways to describe the act of writing," he said. "Li Ssu, a master who created a style of calligraphy wrote, 'When you swing the strokes outward it is as if the clouds were rising from behind the mountain.'" After a moment, he recited another quote. "'A vertical stroke should resemble the stem of a dried vine myriad years old. A horizontal brushstroke should resemble a could a thousand miles long.'"
How could such a concentration of information be deciphered from small black lines? The Baron's focus wandered. He recollected a singing lesson when he was a child in which his music teacher instructed him by using metaphor after metaphor. Sing as if your lips were soft as a cushion. Weightless. First, think the sound, because once it leaves your throat it's too late. After a moment of hesitation, the Baron loaded the brush with ink. How simple to hold a brush. Not simple.
A brushstroke must be simultaneously spontaneous and deliberate. His awareness became joined to the movement of his hand wielding the brush as he wrote the first character, then another. He completed a line. He squinted at the brushstrokes he'd just made on the paper. Xiansheng made the slightest gesture of approval.
The intensity and anxiety of the lessons sometimes left the Baron exhausted. Occasionally, he felt a lightness, a growing exhilaration, but suspected even this state wouldn't have met with Xiansheng's approval. His teacher wanted something indefinable and elusive, and the Baron failed to understand this mysterious demand. (p. 247-249)
Teacher studied him solemnly and suggested tea, although it was an enormous breach of courtesy for a guest to make this request of a host. They moved to an adjoining room and a servant, accompanied by the sharp clink of porcelain cups on a tray, carried in the necessities. They were safe, drinking from cups that warmed their hands until they were ready for the lesson.
Calligraphy began with the familiar preparations. Fine goose-white paper, readied on the table. Ink stick, inkstand, brushes. A tall container of water.
The lesson was a single character, qi, representing breath, air, vapor, floating, expanding, and also spirit, vital force. When Xiansheng pronounced the word qi, it sounded like the release of breath. An exhale.
A smooth scratch as Teacher's hand moved quickly, his brush painting the character, which combined wavy curved lines, representing the breath, and mi, the character for rice or grain, representing sustenance. The Baron watched, gradually conscious that the man focused from a knot of stillness that he could never hope to experience in his own body.
Finished. Teacher straightened to study his writing on the paper. "The character qi is also described as the invisible presence of the calligrapher's spirit. But it cannot be deliberately placed in a work. It's only recognized by those who possess the right qualities." (p. 265-266)