380-Intimate Relationships-Rowland Miller-Psychology-2006
Barack
2021/11/21
" Intimate Relationships ", the first edition was published in 2006. It discusses the basics, activity patterns, types, contradictions, and restoration of intimate relationships. After reading this book, you will be attracted to interpersonal attraction, love, marriage, commitment, friendship, passion, communication, sex, attachment, mate choice, jealousy, Have a new understanding of all aspects of intimacy such as derailment and domestic violence. Intimacy is the core of the human experience. If it is handled well, it can bring great happiness to people. If it is not handled well, it can cause major trauma. Therefore, a scientific understanding of intimacy is vital to the happiness of each of us.
Rowland Miller is a professor of psychology, his main research field is social emotions, such as embarrassment, intimacy, etc.
Table of Contents
1. The Building Blocks of Relationships
2. Research Methods
3. Attraction
4. Social Cognition
5. Communication
6. Interdependency
7. Friendship
8. Love
9. Sexuality
10. Stresses and Strains
" A few of us would enjoy the solitude for a while, but most of us would quickly find it surprisingly stressful to be completely detached from other people (Schachter, 1959). Most of us need others even more than we realize."
Humans are social animals. We need other people. This is not only because we need to guarantee our own basic survival. We need the company of other people as well as a psychological and emotional choice. In a reciprocal relationship, your emotions also need to be invested in each other. Just like a bank, if you only withdraw from it without depositing it, no matter how large the balance is, it will eventually be exhausted one day.
“ Our relationships with others are central aspects of our lives. They can bring us great joy when they go well, but cause great sorrow when they go poorly. Our relationships are indispensable and vital, so it's useful to understand how they start, how they operate, how they thrive, and how, sometimes, they end in a haze of anger and pain."
What can bring us a strong sense of pleasure often also carries the risk of causing great pain. How to deal with intimacy is an important proposition in a person's life, but we often do not have enough preparation in life. Some people may get a full understanding of it during the first 18 years of their family education, while others may lack this lesson.
“ What, then, is intimacy? That's actually a complex question because intimacy is a multifaceted concept with several different components (Prager et al., 2013). It's generally held (Ben-Ari & Lavee, 2007) that intimate relationships differ from more casual associations in at least seven specific ways: knowledge, interdependence, caring, trust, responsiveness, mutuality, and commitment."
The first type of intimacy we come into contact with is often family affection, then friendship, and finally love. Take love as an example. In a good relationship, two people must have enough understanding of each other; and they depend on each other and need each other. If both sides feel that they don’t need each other, then why should they be together; in addition, they also need to know each other. There must be real care; there must be trust, and there must be a sense of responsibility. The sense of responsibility is also mutual. Even sometimes, knowing that it may not be fulfilled, we may make some promises to each other.
" According to theorists Roy Baumeister and Mark Leary (1995), we need frequent, pleasant interactions with intimate partners in lasting, caring relationships if we're to function normally. There is a human need to belong in close relationships, and if the need is not met, a variety of problems follows."
Intimate relationships, especially love in intimate relationships, reflect the sense of belonging more clearly, and love has strong exclusivity. But sometimes it may not be so obvious in terms of mastery. For example, girls may not like boys who have a strong desire for control, but on the other hand, for boys who have a weak desire for control, girls may feel that the other person does not love them.
“ It also doesn't matter much who our partners are; as long as they provide us stable affection and acceptance, our need can be satisfied. Thus, when an important relationship ends, we are often able to find replacement partners who—though they may be quite different from our previous partners— are nonetheless able to satisfy our need to belong (Spielmann et al., 2012)."
So the way for many people to get rid of the pain of ending a relationship is to start another relationship. We need to fill in such a gap, which makes us feel uneasy and frightens us. And even if the new person is with the previous person, his presence and company can make us feel happy.
“ Elderly widows and widowers are much more likely to die in the first few months after the loss of their spouses than they would have been had their marriages continued (Elwert & Christakis, 2008), and a divorce also increases one's risk of an early death (Zhang et al., 2016).”
In fact, this is understandable, loneliness not only gives a negative effect on psychology but also brings a lot of inconvenience in daily life. This kind of anxiety subtly can shorten people's lifespan.
“ Back in 1965, almost everyone (94 percent) married at some point in their lives, but more people remain unmarried today. Demographers now predict that fewer than 80 percent of young adults will ever marry (and that proportion is even lower in Europe [ Perelli-Harris & Lyons-Amos, 2015]).”
If there are no other strong interventions or changes, it is foreseeable that low marriage rates and low fertility rates will inevitably intensify in the future. When individuals’ lives become more and more prosperous, people’s demand for real human companionship can actually be learned from Other places are replaced, such as TV series, movies, variety shows, video games, and so on. It is also because people’s requirements for life are getting higher and higher. People not only put forward higher requirements for their own quality of life, but also for the quality of life of their next generation. It is also because of this sense of pressure that people worry that they will not be able to become a good partner and good parents postpone or even not enter the palace of marriage.
“ Here's a term you probably haven't seen before: singlism. It refers to prejudice and discrimination against those who choose to remain single and opt not to devote themselves to a primary romantic relationship. Many of us assume that normal people want to be a part of a romantic couple, so we find it odd when anyone chooses instead to stay single. The result is a culture that offers benefits to married couples and puts singles at a disadvantage with regard to such things as Social Security benefits, insurance rates, and service in restaurants (DePaulo, 2014)."
From a purely commercial point of view, when there are more and more singles, then the demand for one-person supplies, including the demand for cultural and entertainment industries, has become stronger and stronger, and human beings have not suddenly become There is no need for company, but since the spiritual pleasure we need can be obtained from the commodity market at a smaller cost, why should we pay a huge cost to interact with real people? At the same time, the increase in the number of years of education has also enabled us to more calmly realize the explicit and hidden costs of marriage and childbirth.
" Secure. It is easy for me to become emotionally close to others. I am comfortable depending on others and having others depend on me. I don't worry about being alone or having others not accept me. Preoccupied. I want to be completely emotionally intimate with others, but I often find that others are reluctant to get as close as I would like. I am uncomfortable being without close relationships, but I sometimes worry that others don't value me as much as I value them. Fearful. I am uncomfortable getting close to others. I want emotionally close relationships, but I find it difficult to trust others completely or to depend on them. I worry that I will be hurt if I allow myself to become too close to others. Dismissing. I am comfortable without close emotional relationships. It is very important to me to feel independent and self-sufficient, and I prefer not to depend on others or have others depend on me."
I think that when a person grows up at an early age, the way their parents get along has a great influence on them. For example, in an environment where the parental relationship is not harmonious and tense, children may be more likely to go to extremes as adults, or It is because there is more need for love, or it is because it is very indifferent to love.