আঙ্কেল টম'স কেবিন

by Harriet Beecher Stowe, এনায়েত রসুল (Translator)

The narrative drive of Stowe's classic novel is often overlooked in the heat of the controversies surrounding its anti-slavery sentiments. In fact, it is a compelling adventure story with richly drawn characters and has earned a place in both literary and American history. Stowe's religious beliefs show up in the novel's final, overarching theme—the exploration of the nature of Christianity and how Christian theology is fundamentally incompatible with slavery.

Genres: Classics, Fiction, Historical Fiction, Literature, Historical, Novels, American

236 pages, Hardcover

First published March 20, 1852

About the author

Great political influence of Uncle Tom's Cabin , novel against slavery of 1852 of Harriet Elizabeth Beecher Stowe, American writer, advanced the cause of abolition.

Lyman Beecher fathered Catharine Esther Beecher, Edward Beecher, Henry Ward Beecher, and Harriet Beecher Stowe, another child.

Harriet Elizabeth Beecher Stowe, an author, attacked the cruelty, and reached millions of persons as a play even in Britain. She made the tangible issues of the 1850s to millions and energized forces in the north. She angered and embittered the south. A commonly quoted statement, apocryphally attributed to Abraham Lincoln, sums up the effect. He met Stowe and then said, "So you're the little woman that started this great war!" or so people say.

AKA:
Χάρριετ Μπήτσερ Στόου (Greek)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harriet...

Reviews

[Stephen · Rating 3 out of 5]

ONE READER'S CONFUSION ABOUT WHY "UNCLE TOM" MEANS ANYTHING BUT HERO

3.0 stars. First, I am glad I have finally read this book given its historical significance and the very positive impact that it had on American history. That said, from a literary perspective, I didn't find this book to be particularly well written and am doubtful of whether it would be much remembered or considered a "classic" but for the aforementioned historical significance and the creation of the character of Uncle Tom (more on that below). The prose is not horrible, but neither is it exceptional. It's just okay.

Since I assume everyone is familiar with the substance and background of the book I will not summarize it here. Others have done a much bettermjob of it. However, I do want to share an observation about the main character, Uncle Tom, that struck me pretty hard.

Prior to reading this book, if you would have asked me about the character of Uncle Tom, I would have said that he was a character portrayed as a "weak willed" slave who did everything he could to please his white master no matter what abuses were heaped upon him. This opinion, wrong as I now think it is, would have been based in large part on the derogatory nature of the term "Uncle Tom" in the African American community as someone who has "sold out" their heritage and beliefs in order to be successful.

After reading the book, I don't think I can adequately express how STRONGLY I disagree with that characterization. I would place Uncle Tom among the pantheon of truly HEROIC figures in American literature. Granted, Tom was no Hollywood square-jaw who armored up and went Braveheart on the slave holders slaughtering them by the bushel. However, he was most definitely a HERO in the mold of "Gandhi" who NEVER ONCE...NEVER ONCE compromised his principals and belief in "non violence" and Tom CHANGED those around him (both white and black) for the better.

Tom's non violence came not from fear or cowardice, but from his deeply held Christian faith and his belief that he would rather suffer unjustly (as Christ did) than raise a hand to another. Whether you agree with that philosophy or not, it is beyond debate that to accept hardship rather than compromise your inner compass is called INTEGRITY...it's called COURAGE.

In one very memorable part of the book, Tom is ordered by his sadistic slave owner to whip a female slave. Tom refuses and is savagely beaten. Thereafter, Tom is repeatedly beaten because he continues to refuse to engage in conduct he finds reprehensible. Despite this repeated abuse, Tom NEVER, NEVER backs down or compromises on his beliefs. In fact, the book goes on to describe the slave owner's realization that while he may own Tom's body, he could never acquire his soul. FOLKS, FOR ME, THAT IS A HERO!!! How many people would subject themselves to that kind of abuse rather than rationalize their principals.

Reading that portion of the book, I was struck by the similarities between that scene and a speech given by Gandhi in the movie with Ben Kingsley (which I loved). While speaking to a group of South African's about the need for "non violent" protest Gandhi says (I am paraphrasing somewhat):

...This is a cause for which I am prepared to fight, but my friends there is no cause for which I am prepared to kill...However, fear not for we can not lose...They can beat my body, break my bones, even kill me...then they will have my dead body, NOT MY OBEDIENCE!!!...

I found Tom's struggle to be very similar and the character of Tom to be VERY HEROIC. For that reason alone, I bumped this up to 3 stars and HIGHLY RECOMMEND this book.

[Laura · Rating 5 out of 5]

Wow. I wish this was still required reading in schools. Can you imagine: a book that was credited by President Lincoln with bringing about the Civil War, and is known to have so affected the hearts of readers that it changed their opinions of slavery is hardly read in the country whose face it changed?

[Tammy King Carlton · Rating 5 out of 5]

This book is one of the most moving, provocative pieces of literature I've ever read, and it's the first time that I can recall being moved to tears from a book. As long as I live, I will never be able to remove from my mind the vision of Eliza, panicked and frenzied, in the dead of the night with her baby boy in her arms, leaping across the frozen ice of the Ohio river to escape the trader her baby had been sold to. And if anyone wants to read a profound and well written narrative for the view of a Black Slave, look to George's monologue on page 127-128, where he is at the Inn with Mr. Wilson, disguised as a white upperclass gentlemen, and explaining to Mr. Wilson how he feels about his country.
I was involved in the book up to that point, but after that, this book owned me. This should be required reading of every American Citizen, and it's in my top five of the most important books I have ever read. For whatever the cause of the American people, it all comes down to "When in the course of human events...".

[Mischenko · Rating 4 out of 5]

Uncle Tom’s Cabin highlights the disgusting, evil, and immoral times of slavery in American history. This sentimental novel is fictional, but shares truth in what life was like for slaves and how they were treated during these dark times. It’s been said that this book helped lay the groundwork for the American Civil War.

This was a recommended read for my daughter’s American History curriculum but not a required one. I’ve always wanted to read it, and now I can say it’s one of the most difficult books I’ve ever read—both in the way it’s written and also the content. The sentence structure and word use made it hard to follow at times. Not only that, the story flips around between characters which I didn’t particularly care for. We found a narrator (Buck Schirner) that does an excellent job with the different voices which really pulls you into the novel, making the dialect easier to read.

The story follows Tom, a devout Christian slave whose owner (Mr. Shelby) has fallen into financial difficulties, having no choice but to sell Tom and other valuable slaves. Living with the Shelbys, Tom’s had many luxuries including a decent wardrobe, books, and a wife and children. He’s been treated decently and appreciates everything he has. He mourns having to leave them, and the family mourns the loss of him and the others as well. As time goes on and Tom is transferred from place to place, he meets new people, some kind and some callous.

This book isn’t just Tom’s story; there are other characters including some of the slaves who were living with Tom at the Shelby plantation who have now gone separate ways. Their stories sort of revolve around Toms. I felt for the characters and found myself on the edge of my seat at times—especially with Eliza on her journey with her young son, Harry.

There are other themes aside from slavery here including religion, righteousness, social roles of women, family, and freedom. The Christian theme is very strong which wasn’t expected. I was completely unaware that the author would connect Christianity with views on slavery.

As to how the book made me feel: it made me sick at times. The discussions between slave owners with their talk of ‘property’ and their complete disregard for humanity is hard to digest. Blacks weren’t expected to have feelings; in fact, they were expected to be tolerant throughout, come what may. These belief systems are insane. Perhaps what hit me the hardest was the nightmare of families being torn apart—for the mothers and children especially. As a mother myself, I can’t even fathom how some of the men and women during this time could stand back, so reserved, and truly believe that a person’s skin color made them less than human—not able to learn, love, or have any feelings for that matter—and then to watch these women’s children ripped away from them. The constant degradation of Blacks and the racial slurs were upsetting. For a melancholic person such as myself, I can say with certainty that this book stressed me out and made me angry. With that said, I was also uplifted and inspired by Tom’s unwavering strength and faith. It’s very thought-provoking how divided people were then, much the same as we are today. This book most definitely encourages discussion.

I’ll likely never want to read this book again, but I feel this is such an important read, and I’ll even go so far as to say that it should be required reading for upper grades regardless of the religious ideology.

4****

[Sasha · Rating 2 out of 5]

It's not really this book's fault that it sucks. Harriet Beecher Stowe's heart was in the right place: she aimed to expose the evils of slavery. Abraham Lincoln is said to have called her the “little woman who wrote the book that made this great war.” That's patronizing and it didn't, but it didn't hurt either.

But it hasn't aged well. According to this book, here's

What Black People Are Like
- "The African, naturally patient, timid and unenterprising"
- "The negro is naturally more impressible to religious sentiment than the white"
- "The negro, it must be remembered, is an exotic of the most gorgeous and superb countries of this world, and he has, deep in his heart, a passion for all that is splendid, rich, and fanciful; a passion which, rudely indulged by an untrained taste, draws on them the ridicule of the colder and more correct white race."

I put more more quotes of this type in the comments below, if you're really interested.

This comes across as racist, because it totally is, and here's the thing: there were other people who wrote about slavery and did not make statements like these. Black people! Stowe's source for Uncle Tom himself, in fact, is Josiah Henson, whose real-life story you can read for free instead of this.

I know things were different back then, but I also don't think we need to over-complicate our historical relativism. If someone were to ask me what I'm reading and I were to feel compelled to explain myself - "I know it's racist, I'm not reading it because I like it..." then my conversation with the book as literature is condescending, and it's outlived its usefulness, and that's okay. It's okay if it did some good once and it's run out of good now. It's okay if it goes out of style. We don't have to, like, burn all the copies. But I do feel like when we have the opportunity to hear about oppression from the oppressed themselves, then that's better.

(It's true that slave narratives were written for white audiences, with specific goals and formulae, and often dictated to white ghost writers, so this isn't totally straight-forward. But slave narratives are anyway more authentic than Uncle Tom, I guess.)

Anyway, back to the actual book: Uncle Tom is frankly an Uncle Tom, but to Stowe's credit she also supplies lots of other perspectives. George and his Quaker allies have a "By any means necessary" approach to slavery, and Stowe goes out of her way to get us to root for their violent tactics. I wasn't expecting that, and I dug it.

Overall, the book is badly sentimental. Y'know, it's easy to make you have feels by describing, like, a woman whose children are stolen from her and then she gets raped. You don't have to be a good writer to make a scenario like that powerful. Stowe is an okay writer, but she pours on the pathos; she can't shut up about "isn't this awful?!" and I didn't really need it underlined. There are a couple people here who take like fifty pages to finish giving deathbed speeches about Jesus and you're like good lord, this makes Dickens seem aloof. It's annoying.

So look, this might be of interest to someone researching how white abolitionists felt back in the day; but it's not particularly good literature, and its ideas are woeful, and that doesn't leave much.

[Lisa · Rating 5 out of 5]

"Talk of the abuses of slavery! Humbug! The thing itself is the essence of all abuse!"

I remembered this quote from Uncle Tom's Cabin all of a sudden when I accidentally paraphrased it in a discussion on gun control at school. Some issues can't be solved by half-measures. They have to be abolished.

There are books that shape who you are. I remember when I first read Uncle Tom's Cabin as a young girl. Before that, I had only a vague idea of slavery in America as a historical phase, something I imagined as an evil that was no more. With this novel, I entered the world of rage. Literature has the power to engage where statistics leave you cold, it has the power to make you feel what other people feel, and to see what abstract terms mean in real, everyday life.

Decades later, teaching slave trade and abolitionist movements in Humanities classes, I still felt the anger, the sorrow, the shame. And I realised that literature does that to you - it gives you a social conscience if you are brave enough to compare notes and check your privileges.

The horrors of white supremacy can hardly be better told than in this tale of love and suffering and rage, so shocking to read as a young adult, and yet so necessary. I shudder when I think of our current political climate of hostility and intolerance towards any human beings that are distinctly different from our own tribe. And I feel both rage and sorrow as I know there are far too few adolescents today who are willing to put in the time and effort to read about historical brutality and injustice. I shudder when I think that Anne Frank's diary is considered boring by my students, too slow and lacking "action" (read: violence). Where are we heading if we don't listen to the literary voices of those who experienced past horrors? Where are we headed if we let profit and individual advantage stand above ethical behaviour and compassionate humanity? Where are we headed if we don't think our rights apply to others as well?

Make people desperate, and they won't be afraid to fight. Take away too much and they have nothing to lose, and nothing to fear. When it comes to human rights, there can be no grey zones, there can be no two class system, no discrimination. There can be no exemptions. We are all equally entitled to a life in freedom and dignity. Wherever we do not guarantee that, there will be rage. Beware of the signs in mainstream society:

"The country is almost ruined with pious white people: such pious politicians as we have just before elections, such pious goings on in all departments of church and state, that a fellow does not know who'll cheat him next."

Let's not be cheated. Let's look through the pious surface and see the egocentric hypocrites in their entitlement for what they are - instigators of violence. Let's do what is right by humankind rather than what is personally enriching or convenient.

Uncle Tom's Cabin taught me that. And I have been in a reading rage ever since!

[Jayne Cravens · Rating 5 out of 5]

The main character of Uncle Tom's Cabin, and at least one of the minor characters, are frequently mocked by modern black activists, rappers and comedians. Therefore, when I began reading this novel, originally published in 1852, I was expecting a woefully-outdated story with painful, outrageous stereotypes and archaic language, and had prepared myself for a real struggle to navigate through it in order to see how this book mobilized people in the USA against slavery.

The story, its delivery and its characters turned out to be nothing like they have been portrayed to me over the years. Nothing. And more importantly, it is still a powerful call for justice and equality more than 150 years later.

It was a difficult read at first, but after the first 100 pages or so, I was hooked.

Harriet Beecher Stowe paints Tom not as subservient to white men -- or any men -- but as absolutely defiant, a man who serves only one master: Jesus Christ. Uncle Tom's defiance is in stark contrast to everything I've ever heard about him. Stowe never, ever implies in any way that slaves should work only to please their earth-bound masters and never pursue freedom or personal dignity -- contrary to what I've always heard. In addition to Tom, there's George, a representation of the intelligence and potential Stowe obviously felt every African American was capable. Stowe wasn't saying that Tom's way of defiance -- and his not pursuing escape -- was a better path than George's, who risks everything to escape with his family to Canada. Instead, she presents the myriad of ways people -- HUMANS -- react to and survive enslavement. Topsy isn't presented as I thought she would be -- a silly comic relief -- but as a girl who has never known anything but pain from and the contempt of others, and becomes whole only when she's offered full, unconditional love. There are NO one-dimensional portraits in the book -- the characters, white and black, portray a massive variety of values, philosophies, and thoughts of the time.

I was struck not only by how full, rich and diverse the characters were, but also, Stowe's condemnation not only of slavery itself, but of the North, for not wanting freed blacks to live among them, to work in their homes or live in their neighborhoods or attend their schools. She also condemns merciful slave owners, painting them just as bad as ruthless Is the book racist? By today's standards, yes, but no more than it's also sexist. It's dated, no question: the author will very occassionally say something about blacks -- or women -- that make me cringe. The slaves and freed men presented in the book are no more benign, lazy or lacking in values than most of the white people portrayed. But I challenge anyone who has READ the book to say that the stereotypes engrained into our psyche by various contemporary commentators were ever envisioned by the author. After reading the entry about the book on Wikipedia, I've surmised that the stereotypes we hear about regarding the story are actually from the widely-seen and woefully inaccurate dramatizations of the book. And her text drips with a sarcasm, often addressed directly to the reader, that is jarring at times -- this woman hated slavery with every molecule of her body, and she presents, and skewers, every argument of the time in support of it.

[James · Rating 4 out of 5]

Book Review
4 out of 5 stars to Uncle Tom's Cabin, written in 1852 by Harriet Beecher Stowe. For some reason, we didn't read this book in high school; possibly an excerpt or two was thrown in front of us, but I honestly don't really remember reading it until freshman year of college. Prior to reading it, the silly and uneducated man I was thought Ms. Stowe was an African-American telling the story about slavery in America, not all that different from The Underground Railroad stories. Please forgive me, as I had difficulty reading books that showed the harsh slices of life and cruelties people suffered. It just doesn't cross my mind that I could ever treat someone differently because of what they look like or where they came from... and the immature part of me avoided reading about those who did. But it's important to read these types of books as sometimes it is the only way to open another's eyes.

Then it was listed on our syllabus to read in our spring semester for an English course. And I dove in since it was required. As I got into it, I realized how great the book actually was. And you know what, that's not the story at all. Ms. Stowe came from a Puritanical and religious family. She was an abolitionist. She wanted to fix the situation. And this book was one way she attempted to do so, by showing how any Christian could not believe in slavery. Though some of her ideas were a little too vague, and at times, she may even cross the line by doing a few of the things she tells people not to do.... the book really shines a necessary light on what people were thinking at the time. I feel like we might need to read this book again as a country... to figure out what the hell we're doing going back 150 years in time. But I don't get political, so enough of that.

With this book, you need to have some understanding of society, religion and culture in America's history. I wouldn't take it on without have a decent background in knowing how things came together from 1776 to 1856. Those 80 years were very strong but also very disparate... two countries were forming, not one in America. Having some knowledge of Puritan life is helpful too. Perhaps reading The Scarlet Letter first might give you some background. Everyone needs to read this book just to see what was going on in some folks' minds at this time. It may not change your views on the entire situation, but it will give you more to think about when it comes to religion's place in government, society and daily life. And I mean that as a philosophical and sociological discussion, not placing blame or positives and negatives on different groups of people. It's just the kind of book to get you talking about something which needed to be radically changed and fixed.

About Me
For those new to me or my reviews... here's the scoop: I read A LOT. I write A LOT. And now I blog A LOT. First the book review goes on Goodreads, and then I send it on over to my WordPress blog at https://thisismytruthnow.com, where you'll also find TV & Film reviews, the revealing and introspective 365 Daily Challenge and lots of blogging about places I've visited all over the world. And you can find all my social media profiles to get the details on the who/what/when/where and my pictures. Leave a comment and let me know what you think. Vote in the poll and ratings. Thanks for stopping by.

[Maede · Rating 4 out of 5]

اولین کتاب پرفروش تاریخ
کلبه عمو تام پرفروش‌ترین کتاب قرن نوزدهم بعد از انجیل بود. چاپخانه‌ها با وجود تکثیر شبانه‌روزی از پس تامین نیاز برای این کتاب بر نمی‌آمدند. هریت بیچر استو از فعالان اجتماعی برای برانداختن بردگی بود که در ایالات آزاد شمالی زندگی می‌کرد و با نوشتن این کتاب، زنجیره‌ای از اتفاقات رو به وجود آورد که شاید خودش هرگز پیش‌بینی نمی‌کرد. داستان دراماتیک کتاب که برده‌داری و زجرهای بردگان رو شرح میده، به شدت در برانگیختن احساسات موفقه و همین مسئله باعث اهمیت این کتاب در زمان خودش میشه

!روی تو رو کم می کنیم
فقط در سال اول بعد از انتشار این کتاب، دوازده کتاب از طرف نویسندگان طرفدار برده‌داری برای خنثی کردن اثرات این کتاب چاپ شد که این باز هم نشان‌دهنده‌ی ترس از تاثیر عمیق این کتابه

سفید ظالم، سیاه مظلوم
نه، برخلاف تصور غالب از این کتاب، داستان در مورد برده‌داران بی‌رحم و سیاهان بیچاره نیست. استو سه ارباب سفید با خصوصیات کاملا متفاوت رو توصیف می‌کنه که یکی خوب و دلرحم، دیگری خودش به نحوی مخالف برده‌داری و آخری یک فرد سنگدل و بی‌دینه. بردگان سیاه کتاب هم گاهی دین دار و با شرافت و گاهی هم نفرت انگیز هستند

چی بود، چی شد
استو برای زیر سوال بردن تفکر برده‌داری، شخصیت تام رو خلق کرد که برده‌ای دین دار و وفادار با شخصیتی عیسی گونه‌ست که زجرهای بردگی رو در سکوت به دوش می‌کشه. معروفیت کتاب باعث شد که تعداد زیادی نمایش و سال‌ها بعد نسخه‌های متعدد سینمایی با اقتباس از این داستان ساخته بشه. مشکل از جایی شروع شد که شخصیت تام در این نمایش‌ها، پیرمردی ضعیف، گاهی الکی سرخوش و به شدت مطیع نشان داده شد و در واقع باورهای نژادپرستی حتی به اجراهای کلبه‌ی عمو تام هم رسوخ کرد

عمو تام هریت بیچر استو بهترین کاراکتر براینمایندگی تمام بردگان سیاه نبود، ولی حداقل شخصیتی جوان، قوی و قهرمان‌گونه بود که تصمیماتش تحت تاثیر ایمان محکمش بود

!تو یک عمو تامی
کلمه‌ی "عمو تام" الان یک فحش و توهینه. یک قرن و نیم بعد از انتشار این کتاب، کلبه عمو تام استریوتایپ‌هایی در مورد سیاهپوستان ایجاد کرد که حتی تا به امروز هم از بین نرفته و مورد تنفر آفریقایی آمریکایی‌هاست. عمو تام الان به سیاه‌پوستی گفته میشه که وفادار و مطیع سفیدپوستانه یا برای منافع شخصی خودش، سیاهان دیگر رو قربانی می‌کنه. البته این استریوتایپ‌های مشکل ساز فقط در مورد شخصیت تام نیست و در مورد کاراکتر های دیگری هم مثل "ممی" و "ایوا کوچولو" اتفاق افتاده

در مجموع هرچند تاثیر این کتاب در زمان خودش انقلابی و بی‌نظیر بود، در امتحان گذر زمان شکست خورد، چون در خودش با وجود همه‌ی روایت‌های ضد برده‌داری، کلیشه‌های نژادپرستی رو پنهان کرده بود

پس باید خواندش؟
صد در صد! این داستان مهمه، زیباست و یک کلاسیک واقعیه که سرشار از نکته های جالبه. ولی در عین حال باید این روی سکه رو هم در نظر داشت. من نسخه صوتیش رو گوش کردم که اجرای بی‌نظیری داشت و خواندنش رو خیلی برام راحت‌تر کرد.

یکی از بهترین مقاله هایی که در موردش پیدا کردم:
The Tom Caricature

کتاب و صوتیش رو می‌تونید از اینجا دانلود کنید
Maede's Books

۱۳۹۹/۱۱/۸

[Sean Barrs · Rating 4 out of 5]

I’m going to keep this one very short and relatively sweet.

Uncle Tom’s Cabin is a wonderfully forward-thinking book full of optimism, hope and one that captures the simple and honest nature that comes with a genuine hero who is faced with tyranny. It’s a monumentally important book, historically speaking this is one of the most influential pieces of literature ever written. It worked towards humbling a racist white culture and helped bring an end to slavery in America, and it comes with a compelling story and a very strong character.

It’s great reading material, though sometimes hindered by its clunky dialogue and Dickensian descriptions. Not something to be missed even if the prose is a little choppy at times.

[Amira Mahmoud · Rating 2 out of 5]

قراء الروايات دومًا ما يجدون أنفسهم في زاوية يضطرون من خلالها الدفاع دومًا عن تلك الرغبة والعادة في قراءتها والاستمتاع بها، ورغم أن التفضيل الشخصي وضرورة الاختيار بحرية والمتعة التي يحصل عليها الفرد من قراءة الرواية هي جميعها أسباب لا تمنع قراء الكُتب من النظر بازدراء لقراء الروايات (أو حتى من تندمج قراءاتهم بين الروايات والكُتب مثليّ) فإن السبب الرئيسي والأقوى في رأيي هو ما تحدثه الرواية من أثر في نفس القارئ حتى وإن لم تكن رواية جيدة بالإجماع فيكفي أنها أثرت في حياة ووعي قارئ ما وفي نظرته للأشياء من حوله وهذا هو الفارق بين قراءة رواية وقراءة كتاب في علم النفس أو علم الاجتماع فبدلاً من أن تصل الفكرة بأكاديمية في شكل معلوماتي صرف تصل بإنسانية أكبر ترسخها داخل نفس قارئها بشكل أعمق.

وإذا أخذنا في الاعتبار حقيقة أن مثل هذه الرواية أثرت لا في فرد/قارئ واحد فقط بل في حياة فئة ما، وأن هذه الفئة هي فئة أقلية مضطهدة تعيش في مكانة أقل من مكانة الحيوانات حينها تصبح هذه الرواية هي أحدى أهم الأمثلة التي يجب أن نذكرها حين يحاول أحدهم التقليل من الشأن الرواية (والأدب بشكل عام) والأثر الذي يمكن له أن يحدثه في حياة البشر

بعض الأعمال تكون عصية على النقد والتقييم من الناحية التاريخية، من الصدى الذي تتركه في بيئتها أثناء صدورها وإذا أخذنا في الاعتبار حقيقة أن مثل هذه الرواية -والتي يجب أن ألح على أن كاتبتها امرأة- أقول أنها كانت سببًا في قيام الحرب الأهلية الأمريكية وتحرير العبيد حينها يُصبح مثل هذا العمل عصيّ على النقد نهايًا هذا فضلاً عن أنه لا يجب أن يخضع للتقييم، لكنني بدأتها كقارئ من مكان مختلف وبيئة مختلفة بل وزمان آخر تمامًا وعامل الزمن خاصة هو أحد أهم الأسباب التي تجعلني رغم احترامي لكثير من الكُتاب وقضيتهم وتأثير أعمالهم حين اقرأها أتعرض لها بالنقد وإذا حكمت على هذه الرواية من الناحية الأدبية سأقول أنها ضعيفة نوعًا ما

على الرغم من كثرة القصص التي تصف مأساة العبيد؛ بيعهم وشرائهم وكأنهم قطع أثاث، فصلهم عن ذويهم وكأنهم حيوانات بلا شعور بآلالام الفقد إلا أن تلك الكثرة لم تساهم في إيصال المأساة إلى نفس القارئ بشكل أعمق على العكس كنت أشعر أن القصص مفككة وأن الرابط بينهم ضعيف للغاية لا سيما حين ابتدأت القصة بحياة شخصين ثم انحرفت للتحدث عن أشخاص آخرين لتربطهم جميعًا بنهاية مفاجئة أشبه بنهايات الأفلام العربية السعيدة ولمّ الشمل، هنا شعرت أن الحبكة أيضًا ضعيفة وأن ما اقرأه هو شذرات لمخطوطة روائية ليس إلا.


رغم كل شيء، تبقى أهمية العمل ويبقى الأثر


تمّت

[Beverly · Rating 4 out of 5]

Entertainment Weekly has an interview they do in which they ask famous authors, in this case Ursula K. le Guin, several questions in a one page format about who their favorite writers are, etc. In this article, le Guin said that she liked to reread Uncle Tom's Cabin. She said many are astonished at this preference and act as if she was extolling a racist screed. Having never read it and liking Ursula K. le Guin, I decided to try it. A polemic on the heinous, Uncle Tom's Cabinet is written in such a matter-of-fact way that it ascends to greatness.

I almost felt like I was reading an adventure story and couldn't wait until I found out what happened to Eva, St. Clare, George and Eliza, Cassie and Emelline and of course Uncle Tom. Harriet Beecher Stowe took real incidents and added them to the story for verisimilitude. It also reminded me of my beloved dystopian novels. In many of these, horrible things have become common place, such as children fighting to compete for food. I couldn't fathom that we in the U.S. used to sell people and own them and torture and kill them or have sex with them as we saw fit. The only reason I would not give it 5 stars is because of the extreme goodness of Uncle Tom in the midst of troubles that would destroy, even Job.

[Amanda · Rating 1 out of 5]

Important? Yes. Good? No.

[Tim Null · Rating 3 out of 5]

"..., though not happy wholly, we were not, either, wholly miserable."

It has been argued that Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin has been the most influential novel in the history of the USA. Therefore, it probably deserves a 4plus rating on the strength of its historical significance. However, it lacks the readability modern audiences expect, and a typical modern reader might have a reading experience that's below average.

Uncle Tom's Cabin was first published by Stowe in 1852, and her intended audience for this book was white Christians in the northern states of the Antebellum United States. Stowe intended to demonstrate the evils of slavery to northern white Christians.

Stowe's novel does do a good job of providing relatable and believable situations that illustrate to the reader the multiple evils of slavery. At times, some of these illustrations seem more like propaganda than education, but that is consistent with the author's intentions.

Hopefully the modern reader is already aware of the evils of slavery, and, if not, there are modern resources that provide a better presentation of slavery and the prewar factors that lead up to the American Civil War. However, this novel is definitely required reading for (a) students of the USA Civil War and (b) students of 19th century American literature.

I read the first ten chapters, but I felt my mental interpretation of the text was bland and boring, so I listened to an audiobook read by Richard Allen to finish this book. As you might imagine, I didn’t enjoy this book's religious emphasis, but I did manage to survive.

My rating is rounded up to 3.

[Yehia · Rating 5 out of 5]

الحقيقة أن هذه الرواية هي تسليط للضوء علي الحقبة المظلمة في تاريخ أمريكا بل وكأننا نتابع سلسلة من الألم اللا متناهي من ألم فراق الأحبة ، وألم السوط الذي يسفع جلدك سفعا ، وألم المعاناة من أجل الحرية ، وألم شعور الدونية الذي ينهشك إثر تلقيك معاملة ورعاية أقل من معاملة ورعاية الحيوان فالحيوان أرقي منك ، أنت تولد في هذه الأرض لتكون ضمن ممتلكات احد اخر لا حق لك في أي شئ غير تلبية رغبات مالكك .

والأن ما هي مسألة الاسترقاق هذه التي يلعنها الله والناس ؟ لنجردها من حليها جميعا وننظر إلي نواتها وجذورها ،فماذا نجد ؟ نجد أنه بسبب من أن أخي الزنجي (كواشي) ، جاهل وضعيف ، في حين أني ذكي وقوي ، يجوز لي أن أسلبه كل ما عنده ثم لا أعطيه إلا بقدر ما يحلو لي ، وأفرض عليه القيام بكل عمل أعتقد أنه مرهق وقذر وبسبب من أني لا أحب العمل يتعين علي (كواشي) أن يعمل . وبسبب أن الشمس تلفح وجهي بنارها يتحتم علي (كواشي) أن يكسب المال ، ولي أنا حق إنفاقه . وعليه أن ينفذ إرادتي ،لا إرادته ،طوال أيام حياته الفانية ، ولن يكون له نصيب في دخول الجنة أخر الأمر ، إلا حين أجد ذالك مناسبا .


لا تنسو الدعاء لإخوتنا بفلسطين وبالسودان ولكل المظلومين.

[Corinne · Rating 5 out of 5]

For me, the story is a sharp contrast between freedom obtained by George, Eliza, and their children in Canada versus what happens to Uncle Tom in bondage, i.e, his painful death, but in dignity. The two parallel stories increase the beauties of each other, enhanced further by Aunt Chloe's desperate efforts to save Tom till the end, and by the poetic justice delivered to the brutal slave owner at the end.

Add to that Stowe's understanding the heart of a mother: the more defective the child is, the more the mother loves. It's so true!

Via the vivid details surrounding separation of families imposed by slavery, also contrasted by acts of bravery from some whites along the way, Stowe has powerfully painted their depths of faith, without appearing preachy. And the sharp opposition between St Clare and his wife (Marie)! I can see such a snobbish, lazy, fastidious 'malade imaginaire' like Marie right here in France, even today. The death of Little Eva is a real heartbreaker, though.

I shall return to read this novel more than once.

[Paul Weiss · Rating 3 out of 5]

A powerful, important message in a weak novel!

As a classic, Harriet Beecher Stowe's UNCLE TOM'S CABIN deserves its status as a powerful indictment against the history of black slavery in America. With courage and insight unprecedented in her time, Stowe uses moving family tales of a number of black and white families to pillory the violence and hatred to which blacks were subjected prior to the American Civil War and thrills the reader with convincing philosophical debates that reveal the astonishing hypocrisy and weak-willed rationalizations that the white population used to justify their actions.

Stowe's frank, terrifyingly banal and utterly unabashed presentation of slavery, slave trading, white attitudes and the laws of the ante-bellum US southern states will turn most modern readers red and shame-faced with embarrassment that these events actually form a part of their country's heritage.

But, as a novel, UNCLE TOM'S CABIN is unsatisfying, overly long and poorly edited. Stowe's insistence on writing her dialogue in a faux black English dialect is unconvincing at best and is actually often irritating and distracting as it becomes more and more difficult to decipher what her characters are actually trying to say.

Her insistence on preaching and using Christian church teachings and the bible as the primary basis for criticizing prejudice, racism and slavery frankly grated my sensibilities. There is plenty enough wrong with slavery and its history in America from a purely humanist point of view without resorting to what would be categorized as "bible thumping" today. (That said, I will admit that it may have been an appropriate approach to convince what she saw as her potential audience at the time).

The white characters she uses to support and convey her message of understanding, compassion and her political agenda of abolition are so sugary sweet as to be positively cloying. A scene in which her primary white character, Evangeline St Clare, gathers her family and her family's slaves around her death bed in order to distribute locks of her hair to one and all was so melodramatic and pointless as to approach the level of bizarre.

I would never say to any potential future reader that I enjoyed UNCLE TOM'S CABIN. I didn't! In fact, at times, it was even a struggle to finish it. But the message, the history, the overwhelming importance and the power of the arguments conveyed by the story are more than enough reason to read it anyway. If enough people take the message to heart then perhaps the world has a possibility of avoiding repetition of events like the Holocaust, the Rwandan genocide, the rape of Nanking or the slaughter of the Muslims in Bosnia by the Serbs.

Paul Weiss

[Arianne Thompson · Rating 4 out of 5]

I think the saddest thing about this book is that everybody remembers Uncle Tom, even if only as a particularly ugly byword, but nobody remembers George Harris.

"I am George Harris. A Mr. Harris, of Kentucky, did call me his property. But now I'm a free man, standing on God's free soil; and my wife and my child I claim as mine... You can come up, if you like, but the first one of you that comes within the range of our bullets is a dead man."

He is a hell of a character, and one of the few here that could exit the pages of this book and stand his own ground in the pages of another one.

That's the difficulty with Uncle Tom's Cabin, at least for me: if you judge it by our modern sensibilities about what a novel should be and do, it doesn't hold up at all. The characters are mostly one- or two-dimensional figures, often exaggerated past all believability, who are sketched out to serve an obvious purpose. Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote every page of this book to rail against slavery, and although she skewers her subject from a hundred different ways and angles, that is really her only aim. For us in the 21st century, for whom slavery has melted away from all but the darkest corners of the world, this is pretty much preaching to the choir.

Let me tell you why it's still an amazing book.

You might know that it was written in 1852 - a time in which the issue of slavery was boiling over in Congress and at dinner tables across the nation, but still almost ten years before the breakup of the United States and the start of the Civil War. In 2012, it is still FRIGHTENING to read this book, to listen to the author decry slavery by every means imaginable - from sarcastic narrative whispers to naked, screaming invective - and to almost hear the desperation in her voice as she throws herself bodily against this massive, monstrous evil, which for her has no imaginable end. In the last pages, she talks with faint hope about Liberia, where she imagines American slaves could go to construct a nation of their own, but that's it. At the time when she put pen to paper, this author went to bed at night and rose in the morning knowing that human beings were still suffering and dying by the millions. 160 years later, we've long since ended slavery in America, but that fear and anger and almost-hopeless despair is still fresh on the page.

So I guess what I'm saying is, absolutely do read this book - and when you do, read it less for the plot and more for the real, non-fiction people who inspired it.

And also for George Harris, 19th-century action hero.

[Theo Logos · Rating 4 out of 5]

Uncle Tom's Cabin was the world's best selling novel in the 19th century, and played a key part in the American abolitionist movement and preparing the rhetorical ground for the American Civil War. It fell out of favor in the second half of the 20th century for both stylistic and political reasons, though it continued to have its critical champions (Edmond Wilson, no less).

Several issues make reading this historic novel problematic for the modern reader. It is written in the sentimental style that was popular in the mid 19th century, but is cloying to the modern ear. It contains an excess of heavy handed religiosity on nearly every page (one critic called it Sunday-school fiction). Finally, it's attitude toward people of color, while sympathetic, is paternalistic and patronizing to our modern perspective.

Yet this is still an important work, and worth reading, if not for entertainment, to recognize the skillful way Stowe manipulated hearts and minds through her writing. She knew her audience, knew what would move them, what would convince them, what would anger them and spur them to action. She used this novel not only to win converts to abolitionism, but to argue that breaking laws and possibly even using violence to fight the evil of slavery was morally acceptable. Reading Uncle Tom's Cabin is a peek into the soul of mid 19th century America.

There are passages in this book that are actually quite enjoyable, but the work is too long and they are too few to read it for mere entertainment. Read it to gain an understanding of the people it was written for, the times they lived in, and the skillful way in which Harriet Beecher Stowe created the most successful propaganda novel of all time to move them.

[K.D. Absolutely · Rating 4 out of 5]

I decided to pick this 1852 book up because this was said to be the inspiration of our national hero, José Rizal (1861-1896) for writing his masterpiece novel, Noli Me Tangere (Touch Me Not) (published in 1887). I thought I would like to compare this with Noli to see how original or unoriginal Rizal was.

My verdict: Noli and Uncle Tom's Cabin are totally different from each other except for one thing and that is the lowly's fight for freedom from slavery. Lowly in Noli are the indios or native Filipinos. Lowly in Uncle Tom's Cabin are the black African slaves.

The story is about Uncle Tom who is a principled and dutiful slave, a husband to Aunt Chloe. At the start of the story, his cabin, when he was still with the Shelby's, was where the black slaves gathered to pray and sing songs of praise to the Good Lord. Some say that this book is just a big glorified religious propaganda and the characters are nothing but caricatures. I do not agree to both of these. Maybe because I just read Noli and I was able to relate the sufferings of the illiterate Filipinos with the black pre-Civil War slaves as they only have God to cling unto in their desperation to have freedom.

Many of the characters cannot be caricatures because they practically leaped out from the pages to my brain while reading. Some of them transformed in the course of the novel particularly Ophelia who is an abolitionist but secretly despises the blacks. I think most of us can relate to her character because it is sometimes easy to say that we condone discrimination but deep inside we harbor prejudices against a certain race, religion, gender, age and even sexual preference. It is only when Ophelia is asked by St. Claire to take care of Topsy that Ophelia develops a caring attitude towards blacks. With her character, Stowe made us all realize that sometimes, unknowingly, we harbor some bias against some people and it is only when we reach out to them that we get to have a good appreciation of who they are.

The book is surprisingly quite easy to read. There are many poignant scenes but the ones that got permanently etched in my mind are: first, the scene when Eliza and her small son are crossing the river and the son who is hungry, thirsty and sleepy keeps himself awake because he fears that his momma will give him to a man if he falls asleep. The scene is short but I had to pause and close the book because I was so sad; and second, the scene when the wicked sex-maniac slaveowner Leglee is asking Uncle Tom to whip another black slave. Tom refuses. Insulted, Leglee whips Tom until Tom is almost dead. This scene broke my heart that I have to stop reading this book in a day or two because it was too sad I had to start reading Dag Hammarskjold and ask where was God when the black African slaves were treated as commodities in America. Truly a sad phase in that great nation's history.

Now I understand how our national hero Jose Rizal was moved by this novel that he decided to sit down and write his own novel. Our Rizal wrote about the sad flight of his own people. If Harriet Beecher Stowe was this little woman who started the Civil War, Jose Rizal (5'2") as this little man who started the Philippine Revolution in 1896 against the Spanish colonizers.

Two short people. But two great tall books. Books that launched and propelled races to take arms and fight for what they believed was right.

Bravo to all the shorties of this world!

[Thomas · Rating 3 out of 5]

This book launched the Civil War, and at what cost? In her novel Uncle Tom's Cabin, Harriet Beecher Stowe writes about the plight of enslaved individuals, and she relies on religion to advance her argument that slavery should not exist. The characters often appear as nothing more than archetypes. Stowe's writing comes across as propaganda more times than not. And yet the story of Uncle Tom's Cabin itself possesses an undeniable power, a strength fueled by outright sentimentalism and moralist rhetoric.

I wrote about ten pages of analysis of this book for my Social Protest Literature class. During that time I could not help but compare it to the Dove Real Beauty campaign. Dove promotes body positivity, and at the same it over-emphasizes the role of beauty and discounts a lot of diversity. Stowe opposes slavery, and she also includes sentiments of romantic racism and overt Christian bias in her book. If you read Uncle Tom's Cabin, I would recommend approaching it from a critical lens; it did a lot to progress racial equality, while still enforcing a slew of problematic ideas we still see in today's discussions of race.

Overall, an important book in our nation's history and one I would encourage people to read if they possess an interest in the institution of slavery or social protest literature in general. Not the most eloquent book ever written, but revolution does not always require a lot of eloquence, as evidenced by this story and many others.

[Apatt · Rating 4 out of 5]

I jist done readin thar book, why, Mas’r, it don’t make no sense to me. Why a man get treated like a dog by another man and the law is all right with that? I knoe it dont mean nuthin now we is all civilased with iPads and lor knows what, but whar was it ever OK?

Slave narratives are morbidly fascinating to me, it amazes me that slavery was ever “a thing” in civilized countries.

Uncle Tom's Cabin tells the story of a faithful, kind and extremely pious “Uncle Tom” and several characters associated with him. At the beginning of the book, Tom is one of the more fortunate slaves working for the very kind Shelby family who treat their slaves as human beings. Unfortunately, the head of the family, Arthur Shelby, is considerably less kind than his wife and son and one day decides to sell Tom, Eliza (a pretty slave girl), and Eliza’s young son Harry, to a slave trader. Eliza makes a run for it, taking her son with her, but Tom—incredibly pious man that he is—stays put and meekly goes with the slave trader. During his voyage with the slave trader down the Mississippi River Tom lucks out again and meets Augustine St. Clare, a very kind man traveling with his angelic little daughter Eva. Augustine buys Tom and takes him to his home in New Orleans where Tom lives happily for a couple of years, and is promised his freedom by Augustine. Before the emancipation could happen, however, Tom’s luck runs out. Augustine dies and Tom is sold again—in an auction—by the nasty Mrs. Marie St. Clare. This time, he is bought by the irredeemably evil plantation owner named Simon Legree, leading to the most harrowing part of the book.

Besides being fascinating Uncle Tom's Cabin is also harrowing, disturbing and heartbreaking. This is one of the most historically significant slave narratives ever, it played a major part in helping to bring about the abolition of slavery in the US. It reminds me of the TV adaptation of Roots: The Saga of an American Family and the more recent film adaptation of Twelve Years a Slave. I have not read either of these books, though I found the TV series and the film very moving. The only other slave narrative I have read is Octavia Butler’s beautiful, harrowing and heartbreaking novel Kindred. What these narratives have in common is the shocking portrayal of an era when people are so unenlightened as to treat fellow human beings as mere tools; buying and selling them like animals, splitting up families, in order to sell the individual members as separate items. The slave traders put a price tag on the slaves on the basis of their physical attributes. One thought kept occurring to me, “why was this ever OK?”. OK, in the sense of "sanctioned by law", with certificates of "ownership" and everything, so the people can legitimately own what they could not possibly own; human beings are "unownable".

The book is not wall to wall “man’s inhumanity to man” however, Harriet Beecher Stowe put in some lighter moments to balance the grimness of the story. Still, the lighter moments are overwhelmed by the tragic lives of the enslaved characters. Besides being a slave narrative Uncle Tom's Cabin also clearly belongs to the Christian fiction genre. Any atheist reading this book to find out more about slavery in the nineteenth century America is likely to be put off by the Christian piety which underpins just about every page of the book. There are even scenes which verges on the miraculous or divine intervention. The book’s religiosity doesn’t bother me at all but I think it is fair warning for potential readers looking for a more secular narrative. The characters are very vividly drawn but the eponymous Tom, and the spooky little girl, Eva St. Clare, are too Christ-like to be entirely believable.

In any case Uncle Tom's Cabin, as a novel, is very readable, there is not a dull moment and Harriet Beecher Stowe knew what buttons to push to connect with the readers on an emotional level. However, the novel is literally “preachy” in many places—not to mention sentimental and melodramatic. If you are OK with all that then the book is highly recommended.
______________________

Notes:
• Audiobook credit: Free Librivox audiobook of Uncle Tom's Cabin, brilliantly read by Mr. John Greenman. Thank you!

• The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is, in some ways, a slave narrative, and as it is a Mark Twain book you don't have to worry about overwhelming piety!

• For some reason, the name “Uncle Tom” has become a derogatory term to suggest “a subservient fool who bows down to the white man”. This is not how Tom is portrayed in the novel at all, he meekly accepts abuses aimed at himself, but draws the line at being ordered to abuse other slaves. He literally stands up for his fellow slaves until his last breath. (Thanks for the tip Kevin!)

• There is a pro-slavery genre called Anti-Tom literature written by authors in response to Harriet Beecher Stowe's book. According to Wikipedia there are more than twenty books of this kind, they generally portray slavery as beneficial for the African Americans who will come a cropper without the white man's supervision. I don't know what these authors are smoking but I don't want any!
______________________

Quotes:

“These critters ain't like white folks, you know; they gets over things, only manage right. Now, they say," said Haley, assuming a candid and confidential air, "that this kind o' trade is hardening to the feelings; but I never found it so. Fact is, I never could do things up the way some fellers manage the business. I've seen 'em as would pull a woman's child out of her arms, and set him up to sell, and she screechin' like mad all the time;—very bad policy—damages the article—makes 'em quite unfit for service sometimes.”

“He was possessed of a handsome person and pleasing manners, and was a general favorite in the factory. Nevertheless, as this young man was in the eye of the law not a man, but a thing, all these superior qualifications were subject to the control of a vulgar, narrow-minded, tyrannical master. ”

“That is to say, the Lord made 'em men, and it's a hard squeeze gettin 'em down into beasts”

“For, sir, he was a man,—and you are but another man. And, woman, though dressed in silk and jewels, you are but a woman, and, in life's great straits and mighty griefs, ye feel but one sorrow!”

“I defy anybody on earth to read our slave-code, as it stands in our law-books, and make anything else of it. Talk of the abuses of slavery! Humbug! The thing itself is the essence of all abuse! And the only reason why the land don't sink under it, like Sodom and Gomorrah, is because it is used in a way infinitely better than it is. For pity's sake, for shame's sake, because we are men born of women, and not savage beasts, many of us do not, and dare not,—we would scorn to use the full power which our savage laws put into our hands. And he who goes the furthest, and does the worst, only uses within limits the power that the law gives him.”

“Why, because my brother Quashy is ignorant and weak, and I am intelligent and strong,—because I know how, and can do it,—therefore, I may steal all he has, keep it, and give him only such and so much as suits my fancy. Whatever is too hard, too dirty, too disagreeable, for me, I may set Quashy to doing. Because I don't like work, Quashy shall work. Because the sun burns me, Quashy shall stay in the sun. Quashy shall earn the money, and I will spend it. Quashy shall lie down in every puddle, that I may walk over dry-shod. Quashy shall do my will, and not his, all the days of his mortal life, and have such chance of getting to heaven, at last, as I find convenient.”

[Maryam Bahrani · Rating 5 out of 5]

Each book I read offers a new perspective. In this post, I share my thoughts on this book in Persian and English. I hope this will be enjoyable for you :)


هر کتابی که می خوانم دریچه ای به دنیایی جدید است. تو این نوشته دیدگاه و تجربه ام از مطالعه ی این کتاب رو به دو زبان فارسی و انگلیسی با شما به اشتراک می ذارم امیدوارم خوندنش براتون لذتبخش باشه :)


Persian (فارسی)

برای من این کتاب از آن دسته آثار کلاسیکی بود که منتظر بودم حس و حالش بیاید سراغم و بعد بروم سمت خواندنش. به محض اینکه بوی این حس به مشامم رسید، درباره‌ی ترجمه‌اش تحقیق کردم. ابتدا خواستم نسخه‌ی الکترونیکی اش را در برنامه‌ی کتابراه بخوانم، اما با اشکالات تایپی و حذف بعضی بخش‌ها همراه بود و کیفیت لازم را نداشت. همین شد که آن را رها کردم تا اینکه در کتابخانه‌ی محل زندگی‌ام دیدمش و تصمیم گرفتم به امانت بگیرم و بالاخره برای اولین بار بخوانمش.

از آنجا که نظرات ضد و نقیضی درباره‌ی این کتاب وجود دارد و عده ای از همراهان به من گفتند که با توجه به این قضیه نتوانستند برای خواندنش به نتیجه گیری خوبی برسند، سعی کردم این نقد و بررسی را به روشی بنویسم تا خواننده‌ای که قصد مطالعه دارد بتواند تصمیمی روشن‌تر بگیرد.

۱. تصویر تاریخی و اجتماعی 🏛
استو توانسته به روش فوق العاده ای از جنبه‌های مختلف—داستانی، شخصیت‌پردازی، تاریخی، فرهنگی، سیاسی و اقتصادی—تصویری زنده از آمریکا در قرن نوزدهم ارائه دهد. نمادهایی چون قهوه و برده‌داری در متن، لایه‌های مختلف جامعه را نشان می‌دهند. این نگاه مرا به شدت یاد رمان‌های ماشادو د آسیس انداخت.

۲. نثر و سبک روایت ✍️🏻
بسیاری از منتقدان به نثر هریت بیچر استو ایراد گرفته‌اند و آن را «پامنبری و ساده» دانسته‌اند. درست است که نویسندگان هم‌عصر او مانند چارلز دیکنز با نثر پرجزئیات و طنز اجتماعی، جورج الیوت با نثر فلسفی و روان‌شناختی، و توماس هاردی با نثر شاعرانه و تراژیک، از نظر ادبی قوی‌تر می‌نوشتند؛ اما بیایید با جزئیات بیشتر نگاه منصفانه تری به شرایط تاریخی که نویسنده در آن تصمیم به نوشتن گرفت بیندازیم.

در قرن نوزدهم، اروپا و آمریکا شاهد تغییرات عظیم اجتماعی بودند. انقلاب صنعتی نه‌تنها کارخانه‌ها و شهرهای جدید ساخت، بلکه صنعت چاپ را ارزان‌تر و گسترده‌تر کرد. کتاب‌ها، روزنامه‌ها و مجلات به دست طبقه‌ی متوسط و حتی کارگران رسیدند. نویسنده های بیشتری فرصت ارائه ی آثارشان پیدا کردند و مدارس عمومی و افزایش نرخ سواد باعث شد میلیون‌ها نفر برای اولین بار بتوانند رمان بخوانند. روشنایی بهتر (چراغ‌های نفتی و بعدها گاز) هم امکان مطالعه در شب را فراهم کرد و در نتیجه مردم بیشتر از گذشته کتابخوان تر شدند. بیل برایسون در کتاب تاریخچه ی خصوصی خانه که پیش تر درباره اش نوشته ام با تفصیل درمورد این مسئله صحبت کرده است.

این موج تازه‌ی خوانندگان، برخلاف نخبگان دانشگاهی، بیشتر مذهبی و سنتی بودند و دغدغه‌های روزمره داشتند. آن‌ها به دنبال داستان‌هایی بودند که هم سرگرم کند، هم پیام اخلاقی و اجتماعی داشته باشد. در همین فضاست که نثر ساده و مستقیم استو معنا پیدا می‌کند: به باور من او آگاهانه می‌دانست اگر بخواهد علیه برده‌داری اثر بگذارد، باید با زبان مردم حرف بزند و مسئله را موشکافی کند ، نه با زبان بیش از حد پیچیده‌ی فلسفی یا شاعرانه.

ویژگی‌های نثر او چنین است: جمله‌ها کوتاه و روان، گفت‌وگوها نزدیک به زبان محاوره، و توصیف‌ها تصویری و کاربردی. برخلاف دیکنز که با جزئیات فراوان صحنه‌ها را می‌ساخت یا الیوت که به تحلیل فلسفی و روانی می‌پرداخت، استو به دنبال انتقال سریع و روشن پیام بود. همین سادگی باعث شد کتابش به سرعت در میان مردم محبوب شود و به یکی از پرفروش‌ترین آثار قرن تبدیل گردد.

از دل همین شرایط است که «کلبه‌ی عمو تام» به نیرویی اجتماعی بدل شد: کتابی که نه‌تنها داستانی روایت می‌کرد، بلکه وجدان عمومی را بیدار ساخت و به جریان ضدبرده‌داری قدرت بخشید.

۳. دردی که بیدار می کند 😢
بارها از استادانی که در محضرشان سیاست آموخته‌ام شنیده‌ام که در بحران‌ها، یکی از راهبردها بیشتر کردن درد است تا آگاهی و بیداری سریع‌تر اتفاق بیفتد. هنگام خواندن این کتاب، مدام یاد آن سخن می‌افتادم: استو با روایت رنج بردگان دقیقاً همین مسیر را انتخاب کرده بود؛ او درد را عریان‌تر نشان داد تا وجدان عمومی را تکان دهد و خواب سنگین جامعه را به لرزه بیندازد.

۴. ترجمه‌ی فارسی 📖
بهترین ترجمه‌ی فارسی که کاملاً در انتقال روح اثر موفق بوده، ترجمه‌ی منیر جزنی (مهران) است. در یادداشتی نوشته: «ترجمه ی حاضر کتاب کلبه ی عمو تم از روی متن کامل آن به فارسی برگردانده شده است و نه تنها این ترجمه به هیچ وجه به صورت ((تلخیص)) و(( اقتباس)) و (( ترجمه و‌نگارش)) را ندارد، بلکه کوشش فراوان شده است که عبارات طوری ترجمه شوند که تا آخرین حد ممکن نسبت به نظرها و افکار و روش و لحن نویسنده وفاداری شده باشد.
زیرا اعتقاد مترجم این است که خلاصه کردن یا اگر بخواهیم دقیق تر گفته باشیم، مسخ کردن شاهکارهای ادبی را نمی توان کار درست و شایسته ای دانست. چه در این صورت تمام زیبایی ها و لطف اثر نویسنده و یا افکار و نظریات او را به ناچار باید حذف کرد و از یک اثر بزرگ ادبی یک قصه و داستان بیرون کشید و به . دست خواننده داد» برای من این انتخاب فقط یک ترجمه نبود، یک تجربه‌ی لذت‌بخش بود. وقتی شروع به خواندن کردم، حس کردم زبان فارسی در دست جزنی مثل پلی است که مستقیم به روح استو وصل می‌شود. جمله‌ها روان و بی‌پیرایه بودند و همین باعث شد بتوانم بدون فاصله با شخصیت‌ها و فضای کتاب همراه شوم. لذت این وفاداری به متن اصلی برایم مثل نفس تازه‌ای بود که خواندن را آسان و دلنشین کرد.

۵. اقتباس‌ها و تأثیر فرهنگی 🎬
این کتاب نه‌تنها یکی از پرفروش‌ترین رمان‌های قرن نوزدهم بود، بلکه بارها از آن اقتباس سینمایی شده است. همین نشان می‌دهد که ارزش و تأثیرش فراتر از زمان و مکان است.

۶. تجربه‌ی شخصی خواندن🌿
نباید اجازه داد نظرات دیگران مانع کشف و تجربه‌ی شخصی ما از این کتاب شود. نقدها و بحث‌ها همیشه هستند، اما اگر واقعاً میل خواندنش در دل کسی افتاده باشد، باید به آن میل اعتماد کند و برود سمتش. هر خواننده می‌تواند برداشت‌های تازه و مخصوص خودش داشته باشد، و همین از دلایل پویایی فضای ادبیات است.

جمع‌بندی🌟
«کلبه‌ی عمو تام» شاهکاری است که هم از نظر تاریخی و اجتماعی اهمیت دارد، هم از نظر ادبی و فرهنگی. شاید نثرش به مذاق برخی خوش نیاید، اما اگر به شرایط زمانه‌ی نگارش نگاه کنیم، درمی‌یابیم که استو با انتخاب زبانی ساده و مستقیم، توانست تأثیری عمیق بر وجدان عمومی بگذارد. این کتاب نه‌تنها یک روایت داستانی، بلکه سندی زنده از مبارزه با بی‌عدالتی است.

English (انگلیسی)


For me, this book was one of those classics I had to wait for the right mood to arrive before I could read it. As soon as that feeling came, I started researching its translation. At first, I tried the electronic version on the Ketabrah app, but it was full of typos and missing sections, so the quality wasn’t good enough. I abandoned it until one day I saw it in my local library, borrowed it, and finally read it for the very first time.

Since there are so many conflicting opinions about this book—and some friends told me they couldn’t decide whether to read it because of that—I tried to write this review in a way that helps a potential reader make a clearer decision.

1. A Window into History and Society 🏛
Stowe managed to create an extraordinary portrayal of 19th‑century America from multiple angles—storytelling, characterization, history, culture, politics, and economics. Symbols like coffee and slavery reveal different layers of society. This perspective strongly reminded me of the novels of Machado de Assis.

2. The Voice of Simplicity ✍️🏻
Many critics have called Harriet Beecher Stowe’s prose “preachy and simple. " Indeed, that her contemporaries—Charles Dickens with his detailed satire, George Eliot with her philosophical psychology, and Thomas Hardy with his poetic tragedy—were stylistically stronger. However, we need to examine the historical context in which she chose to write more closely.

In the 19th century, Europe and America were undergoing massive social changes. The Industrial Revolution not only built factories and new cities but also made printing cheaper and more widespread. Books, newspapers, and magazines reached the middle class and even workers. More writers had the opportunity to publish, and with the rise of public schools and increasing literacy rates, millions of people could read novels for the first time. Better lighting (oil lamps and later gas) made night reading possible, so people became more bookish than ever. Bill Bryson, in At Home: A Short History of Private Life, which I’ve written about before, describes this in detail.

This new wave of readers, unlike academic elites, was mostly religious and traditional, with everyday concerns. They wanted stories that both entertained and carried moral and social messages. In this atmosphere, Stowe’s simple and direct prose makes perfect sense: she knew that if she wanted to influence public opinion against slavery, she had to speak the people’s language, not a dense philosophical or poetic one.

Her style: short, clear sentences; dialogues close to everyday speech; and practical, vivid descriptions. Unlike Dickens, who built scenes with endless detail, or Eliot, who analyzed psychology and philosophy, Stowe aimed for quick and transparent communication. This simplicity made her book instantly popular and one of the best‑sellers of the century.

From this context, Uncle Tom’s Cabin became a social force: not just a story, but a book that awakened public conscience and empowered the anti‑slavery movement.

3. Pain That Awakens 😢
I often remembered what my political teachers used to say: in times of crisis, one strategy is to intensify pain so that awareness and awakening come faster. While reading this book, that idea kept coming back to me. Stowe, by narrating the suffering of enslaved people, chose exactly this path—she exposed pain more starkly to shake public conscience and disturb society’s heavy sleep.

4. A Bridge Through Translation 📖
The best Persian translation that truly conveys the spirit of the work is by Monir Jazani (Mehrān). In her note, he wrote: “This translation of Uncle Tom’s Cabin is based on the complete text… not abridged, adapted, or rewritten… every effort has been made to remain faithful to the author’s thoughts, style, and tone.”

For me, this choice was more than just a translation—it was a delightful experience. As I read, I felt the Persian language in Jazani’s hands became a bridge directly to Stowe’s soul. The sentences were smooth and unpretentious, allowing me to walk alongside the characters and the world of the book without distance. That fidelity to the original felt like a fresh breath, making the reading easy and deeply enjoyable.

5. Echoes in Culture 🎬
This book was not only one of the best‑selling novels of the 19th century but was also adapted into films multiple times. That alone shows its value and influence go beyond time and place.

6. My Own Path of Reading 🌿
We shouldn’t let other people’s opinions stop us from discovering our own relationship with this book. Criticism and debates will always exist, but if someone truly feels the urge to read it, they should trust that feeling and go for it. Every reader can have fresh, unique interpretations—and that’s one of the reasons literature stays alive and dynamic.

Conclusion 🌟
Uncle Tom’s Cabin is a masterpiece with historical and social importance as well as literary and cultural weight. Its prose may not please everyone, but when we consider the context of its time, we see that Stowe’s choice of simple, direct language allowed her to deeply move the public conscience. This book is not just a story—it is a living document of the fight against injustice.

[Marie · Rating 2 out of 5]

Wow. An important book, surely, historically, and I found the forward more interesting than most as it argued about the book's place in American Literature. (Though, sadly, like most academic forwards, rife with spoilers. Lady! I'm reading this for the first time, don't tell me who dies and who gets married and who goes to Africa!)

Stowe's strength is in her more merry passages, particularly when she can put her bible down for five seconds and turn a wry, Twain-like eye on popular culture. Sadly, these passages are too few and far between, drowning under gallons of preaching and an over-sentimentalized series of accounts that rob the actions of their innate horror. She did her homework, and the accounts of atrocities of slavery jive with those I've read in Frederick Douglas' autobiography, but I would recommend Douglas' work over hers twenty-to-one. It is more compassionate, more rooted in reality, and lest damn preachy.

Also, there are a few very very offensive passages that just made me gasp and want to look away...

[Antoinette · Rating 4 out of 5]

This is certainly a timely book that looks back on slavery in the 1850’s.
This is the kind of book that makes me shake my head at humanity. The way “Negroes” are thought of and treated is repulsive. So often I was brought to either tears or anger as I read.
Yes, for sure, the author depicts the good”white” people as well as the bad. That again seems to be our society today.
Why they were thought of as less than human, I will never understand. Even the kindly Mrs. Shelby says of them...”to do my duty to these poor, simple, dependent creatures.”
The author was an abolitionist , so this book is an anti slavery book. I can just imagine how it was received in 1852. She was also very pro Christianity. There are many references to religion and Christianity throughout the book. There were a couple of instances where I felt this bogged down the story, but for the most part, it did seem integral to the purpose of the book.

An important read that I feel should be read by many more people, especially with what is going on presently.

[Dave Schaafsma · Rating 4 out of 5]

I'm not going to write an actual review of this book I have read more than once but a long time ago, first in a college American Literature class and then in teaching it myself. Can a novel change the world, or at least the way we see the world? Well, here is an example of book written from the perspective of a mother having her babies ripped from her arms and sold away, a common occurrence during American slavery times. This novel about mothers brutally separated from their children was read by (white) women who were themselves mothers who were shown that this horrific act--among so many other horrific acts--was actually happening, and I understand that it was one of the things that began to turn the tide against slavery in this country, as these women began to act in solidarity with mothers they had maybe never thought about as human.

[Jessaka · Rating 5 out of 5]

This was my second reading of this marvelous book. It could have received the Pulitzer Prize. I can understand why it helped bring an end to slavery. I suppose not every American knew what was going on in the South until this book was published. Common sense tells you that slavery is not humane. Often I heard that they were treated like animals, as if animals should have been abused.

[Vahid · Rating 4 out of 5]

نوشته‌ای بسیار شورانگیز و با احساس، از سر دردمندی و مسئولیت، اثر بی بدیل خانم هریت بیچر استو که در محکومیت برده داری نوشته‌اند و علی‌رغم اینکه ظاهرا برده‌داری برافتاده اما در دنیای امروز که برده‌داری مدرن به قوت خودش باقیست کتاب ایشون، به جرات می‌توان گفت که یکی از ماندگارترین کتاب‌ها در تاریخ خواهد بود.

[El · Rating 2 out of 5]

Let's just be real from the beginning: This is a problematic book, especially when viewed from a 2017 perspective. I do believe Harriet Beecher Stowe's heart was in the right place, but sort of in one of those ways where people want to do something good, and all they do is just "like" things on Facebook, or say to one another how bad things are, but then shrug and say "But what can we do?"

Sure, in 1852 when this book published, it made some waves because here's a white woman (a WOMAN, y'all!) who saw that shit was pretty stinky when it came to the state of affairs surrounding slavery. There's that whole unproven comment that Abraham Lincoln said something to Stowe about her being the "little woman who started the big war", referring, of course, to the start of the American Civil War. There's no actual proof that statement was ever made, by the way, but that's okay because it sounds pretty cool. Don't we all want to be the little person who does something so incredible that the entire course of history is changed because of us? You're probably lying if you say you haven't at least once in your life considered it.

Don't forget that men and women of color wrote slave narratives before this, and they were/are generally overlooked, but thank god here's a white woman who could put their experiences in words for them annnnnnd look how long it has prevailed. Just think about that a moment.

It's probably unfair to read this book from a contemporary perspective. There's so much shit happening in our world right now and it's hard to say if any of it will get any better anytime soon. People like to say that slavery no longer exists, but what they mean is that slavery the way Stowe wrote about it doesn't exist anymore. The truth is, of course, that slavery exists in many different ways, maybe less obviously, than forcing people of color to work on plantations or to be indentured servants or whatever else. Human trafficking (which is how slavery begins) still exists. The number of people of color who are trafficked and forced into prostitution and drug-trafficking are extraordinarily high. Racism runs rampant in most of the United States, even though we like to pretend that things are "better" today. Racism, like sexism, is so ingrained in our everyday experiences that we barely even notice when it happens around us anymore, unless we pay really close attention. Many don't, though.

So when we read a book like this, we cringe at some of the more sentimental beliefs Stowe held that she wrote in this book of hers. To break it down to a very basic level, slavery is bad, Christianity is good.

That's all you really need to understand to get through this book. I imagine most of Stowe's readers were already of the same mindset - I don't know how many plantation and slave-owners would pick up this book and actually put it down and think "Summabitch, I've been doing life wrong all this time! I am WOKE."

But this is how the characters in Stowe's novel react. There are some characters who elicit this sort of response, generally after said character dies. Then all the survivors are all "Shit, my life is changed, I will never be bad again - pass the Bible!" Let's not even discuss how the best example of this is little Eva, little blond Eva. BECAUSE OF COURSE SHE'S BLOND. She's white, she's blond, she's blue-eyed, she's virtuous, she's straight up awesome-sauce.

Boring.

I actually read about half of this on my own around college at some point. Someone in one of my classes did an impressively bad oral presentation (with a visual aid) on this book and I was so intrigued by how pathetic it was that I had to read the book. I picked it up on my own and got about halfway when I had dinner with my mom who happened to also be reading it on her own. I had been enjoying up to that point, but she went on such a rant about the book that I didn't feel like reading anymore of it. I didn't understand whatever she was going on about at the time, but I think I get it now. It was probably the same concerns that I have now.

I will say this book was great for our book club discussion this week. I appear to have liked it less than others, but I appreciated everything everyone had to say. We even went so far as to wonder if this book would have been different if it had been written by a man (a question that was raised last month when we read Frankenstein as well). Decision: The book would probably never have been written by a man. And if it had been, it would have lacked in the sentimentality, which almost defeats the entire purpose of this book. It's the sentimentality that pulls at the heart-strings, and without it, it would just be... something else entirely.

I was annoyed by the polarities between the characters - everyone is either good or evil, and this is expressed through incredibly cringe-worthy stereotypes. I read somewhere (perhaps Wikipedia, if you want to go look) that this book is probably the one that put those stereotypes (like of the "happy darky", the "mammy", the "pickaninny") into rotation which have just been perpetuated year after year after year.

Uncle Tom himself is so obvious a Christ-figure that I was annoyed that shit wasn't more nuanced than that. This probably explains why this was the second best seller after the Bible. I joked that they probably passed this book out along with the Bible back in the 1850s, a two-for-one deal.

Overall, this didn't appeal to me. It felt too long for the point it was trying to make (slavery is bad, Christianity is good), but can also appreciate the point that, hey, as Christians we should probably not be keeping humans as slaves. Stowe herself didn't really have any good suggestions for how to go about fixing the slavery problem, by the way. Maybe send them back to Africa? I don't believe she meant that maliciously, rather she may have thought that if slavery was abolished, the freed blacks might just want to return to Africa, because why would they want to stick around the US? I could have that wrong; that was my impression based on her notes in the Afterword of whatever that was at the end of the edition I read.

Problematic all around, but still somehow an American classic. Yes, it shows how shitty we were, and that is important to remember because we are constantly on the brink of making a lot of the same mistakes today. But it also shows some of us how little progress we've made because I hear a lot of people today making a lot of the same comments that Stowe made in this book back in 1852. That's pretty disturbing.

So if you get nothing else out of this review, just remember that slavery still exists today, whether you want to admit it or not. It may look different, but it's still there, and the more aware of it we are, the more likely we can actually take appropriate steps to ending it. But to admit there's a problem shows our own complicity, and people reeeeaalllly hate to do that shit.

[Issa Deerbany · Rating 4 out of 5]

من روائع الأدب الامريكي والتي نالت شهرة عالمية. وكانت سببًا في تحريك مشاعر الناس وتحرير العبيد بل وخاضوا حربا شرسه من اجل ذلك.
لم تمعن الكاتبة كثرا في وصف المعانات والعذاب الذي كانوا يتعرضون له ولكن تركت لمخيلة القاريء ان يسرح بخياله كيفما شاء. مع أني ارى ان بيع الانسان وهو يقف لا يستطيع فعل اَي شيء من اكبر المآسي في تاريخ البشر.