هنر و مالتیتود

by Antonio Negri, فرهاد اکبرزاده (Translator)

نه نامه در مورد هنر، نوشته شده برای دوستان از تبعید در فرانسه در دهه ۱۹۸۰. نگری با شروع از رویکردهای ماتریالیستی پیشین به هنر، تولید هنری را به ساختارهای تولید اجتماعی مشخصه هر دوره تاریخی مرتبط می‌کند. این امر او را قادر می‌سازد تا ماهیت تولید مادی و هنری را در عصر پست مدرنیته و پسا فوردیسم - دورانی که نگری آن را کار غیر مادی توصیف می‌کند - تعریف کند.
نگری سپس به دنبال تعریف زیبایی هنری در این دوره جدید است و این کار را بر اساس مفاهیمی انجام می‌دهد که برای تفکر او اساسی شده‌اند - تکینگی، کثرت، انتزاع، کار جمعی، رویداد، زیست سیاسی، امر مشترک. هنر کار زنده است و بنابراین ابداع تکینگی، فیگورها و اشیاء منحصر به فرد. اما این کنش بیانی تنها زمانی به زیبایی دست می‌یابد که نشانه‌ها و زبانی که از طریق آن خود را بیان می‌کند، خود را به اجتماع تبدیل کنند، زمانی که در یک پروژه مشترک گنجانده شوند. زیبایی عمل تخیل نیست، بلکه تخیلی است که به عمل تبدیل شده است. هنر به این معنا کثرت است.

154 pages, Paperback

Published January 1, 2016

About the author

Antonio Negri was an Italian political philosopher known as one of the most prominent theorists of autonomism, as well as for his co-authorship of Empire with Michael Hardt and his work on the philosopher Baruch Spinoza. Born in Padua, Italy, Negri became a professor of political philosophy at the University of Padua, where he taught state and constitutional theory. Negri founded the Potere Operaio (Worker Power) group in 1969 and was a leading member of Autonomia Operaia, and published hugely influential books urging "revolutionary consciousness."
Negri was accused in the late 1970s of various charges including being the mastermind of the left-wing urban guerrilla organization Red Brigades (Brigate Rosse or BR), which was involved in the May 1978 kidnapping and murder of former Italian prime minister Aldo Moro. On 7 April 1979, he Negri was arrested and charged with a long list of crimes including the Moro murder. Most charges were dropped quickly, but in 1984 he was still sentenced (in absentia) to 30 years in prison. He was given an additional four years on the charge of being "morally responsible" for the violence of political activists in the 1960s and 1970s. The question of Negri's complicity with left-wing extremism is a controversial subject. He was indicted on a number of charges, including "association and insurrection against the state" (a charge which was later dropped), and sentenced for involvement in two murders.
Negri fled to France where, protected by the Mitterrand doctrine, he taught at the Paris VIII (Vincennes) and the Collège international de philosophie, along with Jacques Derrida, Michel Foucault, and Gilles Deleuze. In 1997, after a plea-bargain that reduced his prison time from 30 to 13 years, he returned to Italy to serve the end of his sentence. Many of his most influential books were published while he was behind bars. He hence lived in Venice and Paris with his partner, the French philosopher Judith Revel. He was the father of film director Anna Negri.
Like Deleuze, Negri's preoccupation with Spinoza is well known in contemporary philosophy. Along with Althusser and Deleuze, he has been one of the central figures of a French-inspired neo-Spinozism in continental philosophy of the late 20th and early 21st centuries, that was the second remarkable Spinoza revival in history, after a well-known rediscovery of Spinoza by German thinkers (especially the German Romantics and Idealists) in the late 18th and early 19th centuries.

Reviews

[Rozhan Sadeghi · Rating 2 out of 5]

از اونجایی که همیشه طرفدار ساده نویسی هستم نثر کتاب اصلا به دلم ننشست. به غیر از نثر هم من تو این مجموعه نشر چشمه به کرات ایرادات ویراستاری میبینم که خوندنشون رو واقعا طاقت فرسا میکنه.
همچنین عقاید نویسنده(مخصوصا عقاید کمونیستی اون) به شدت مخالف من بودن و در نتیجه کتاب رو با کراهت تموم کردم!
تنها فصلی که یه مقدار به دلم نشست فصلی بود که در مورد زیبایی حرف زده بود.