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Emmy Noether: A Tribute to Her Life and Work
Emmy Noether, 23 March 1882 – 14 April 1935, was an influential German mathematician known for her groundbreaking contributions to abstract algebra and theoretical physics. Described by Albert Einstein and others as the most important woman in the history of mathematics, she revolutionized the theories of rings, fields, and algebras. Her work on differential invariants in the calculus of variations, Noether’s theorem, has been called "one of the most important mathematical theorems ever proved in guiding the development of modern physics". She taught at University of Gottingen in Germany until removed by Hitler after WW-I. Then she and other Jewish colleagues moved to the US. Noether began teaching at Bryn Mawr in Pennsylvania, where she remained until her death. She is buried at the cloister at Bryn Mawr.
- GenresScience
180 pages, Hardcover
First published November 1, 1981
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About the author
Emmy Noether
16 books23 followersGerman mathematician Amalie Noether, known as Emmy, made important contributions to the development of modern abstract algebra.
She broke ground to influence theoretical physics. Pavel Alexandrov, Albert Einstein, Jean Dieudonné, Hermann Weyl, Norbert Wiener, and other persons described her as the woman in the history; she revolutionized the theories of rings and fields. In physics, her theorem explains the fundamental connection between symmetry and conservation laws.
Max Noether fathered her. After passing the required examinations, Emmy originally planned to teach French and English but instead studied at the University of Erlangen, where her father lectured. After completing her dissertation in 1907 under the supervision of Paul Gordan, she worked at the institute of Erlangen without pay for seven years; at the time, academic positions largely excluded women. In 1915, David Hilbert and Felix Klein invited her to join the department at the University of Göttingen, a world-renowned center of research. The philosophical faculty objected, however, and she spent four years, lecturing under name of Hilbert. People approved her habilitation in 1919 and allowed her to obtain the rank of Privatdozent.
Three epochs divide her work. In the first epoch through 1919, she significantly theorized of invariants and number fields. People called her theorem, her work on differential invariants in the calculus of variations, "one of the most ... ever proved in guiding the ... physics."
In her classic paper Idealtheorie in Ringbereichen (Theory of Ideals in Ring Domains, 1921) describes commutative rings into a powerful tool with wide-ranging applications. She elegantly used the ascending chain condition, and people name satisfying objects Noetherian in her honor.
People sometimes called her students the "Noether boys". In 1924, B.L. van der Waerden of Netherlands joined her circle and quickly led the expositors of her ideas.
In the second epoch through 1926, she began work that "changed the face."
Her work provided the foundation for the second volume of Moderne Algebra, influential textbook of B.L. van der Waerden in 1931. People recognized her acumen around the world before the time of her plenary address at the international congress in 1932 in Zürich.
Noether led members of the department at Göttingen until 1933. In the following year of 1933, Nazi government dismissed Jews from university positions, and Noether moved to the United States to take up a position at Bryn Mawr college in Pennsylvania.
In the third epoch through 1935, she published major works on non-commutative and hyper-complex numbers and united the representation theory of groups with modules and ideals. In addition to her own publications, people credit generous Noether generous with her ideas with several lines of research published, even in fields, such as topology, far removed from her main work.
In 1935, she underwent surgery for an ovarian cyst and despite signs of a recovery died four days later.
She broke ground to influence theoretical physics. Pavel Alexandrov, Albert Einstein, Jean Dieudonné, Hermann Weyl, Norbert Wiener, and other persons described her as the woman in the history; she revolutionized the theories of rings and fields. In physics, her theorem explains the fundamental connection between symmetry and conservation laws.
Max Noether fathered her. After passing the required examinations, Emmy originally planned to teach French and English but instead studied at the University of Erlangen, where her father lectured. After completing her dissertation in 1907 under the supervision of Paul Gordan, she worked at the institute of Erlangen without pay for seven years; at the time, academic positions largely excluded women. In 1915, David Hilbert and Felix Klein invited her to join the department at the University of Göttingen, a world-renowned center of research. The philosophical faculty objected, however, and she spent four years, lecturing under name of Hilbert. People approved her habilitation in 1919 and allowed her to obtain the rank of Privatdozent.
Three epochs divide her work. In the first epoch through 1919, she significantly theorized of invariants and number fields. People called her theorem, her work on differential invariants in the calculus of variations, "one of the most ... ever proved in guiding the ... physics."
In her classic paper Idealtheorie in Ringbereichen (Theory of Ideals in Ring Domains, 1921) describes commutative rings into a powerful tool with wide-ranging applications. She elegantly used the ascending chain condition, and people name satisfying objects Noetherian in her honor.
People sometimes called her students the "Noether boys". In 1924, B.L. van der Waerden of Netherlands joined her circle and quickly led the expositors of her ideas.
In the second epoch through 1926, she began work that "changed the face."
Her work provided the foundation for the second volume of Moderne Algebra, influential textbook of B.L. van der Waerden in 1931. People recognized her acumen around the world before the time of her plenary address at the international congress in 1932 in Zürich.
Noether led members of the department at Göttingen until 1933. In the following year of 1933, Nazi government dismissed Jews from university positions, and Noether moved to the United States to take up a position at Bryn Mawr college in Pennsylvania.
In the third epoch through 1935, she published major works on non-commutative and hyper-complex numbers and united the representation theory of groups with modules and ideals. In addition to her own publications, people credit generous Noether generous with her ideas with several lines of research published, even in fields, such as topology, far removed from her main work.
In 1935, she underwent surgery for an ovarian cyst and despite signs of a recovery died four days later.
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September 4, 2018
Mostly a rehash of Dick's biography, and republishes some obituaries.
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