Kerry Bolton’s Yockey: A Fascist Odyssey (2018) is a comprehensive and controversial biography of Francis Parker Yockey (1917–1960), a far-right political theorist best known for his magnum opus, Imperium: The Philosophy of History and Politics. Yockey’s enigmatic life and his vision of a post-World War II global fascist revival have long been the subject of fascination and contention. Bolton’s book situates Yockey’s life, ideas, and political activities within the broader context of 20th-century geopolitics and ideological movements.
The book is divided into three main sections: Yockey’s intellectual development and early life, his political activism, and his influence on post-war far-right movements. Bolton provides an extensive account of Yockey’s early career as a lawyer and his disillusionment with liberal democracy. Yockey’s fervent anti-communism and anti-liberalism, along with his admiration for Spenglerian cyclical theories of history, emerge as central themes.
Bolton meticulously reconstructs Yockey’s involvement with various far-right organizations, his collaboration with German and European exiles, and his attempts to forge alliances with anti-American and anti-Zionist regimes during the Cold War. Particularly striking is Bolton’s account of Yockey’s clandestine activities, including his espionage for Soviet intelligence—an ideological paradox given his fascist convictions.
The book also examines Yockey’s intellectual legacy, focusing on Imperium and its advocacy for a pan-European, anti-American, and anti-Semitic worldview. Bolton explores how Yockey’s work resonated with neo-fascist movements, influencing figures like Willis Carto in the United States and Jean-François Thiriart in Europe.
One of the book’s strengths is its depth of research. Bolton draws on a wide range of sources, including archival materials, FBI files, and personal correspondence, to provide a detailed and nuanced portrait of Yockey’s life and ideas. This approach allows Bolton to shed light on the often-shadowy world of post-war far-right politics and Yockey’s role within it.
Bolton’s analysis of Yockey’s intellectual debts to thinkers such as Oswald Spengler, Carl Schmitt, and Friedrich Nietzsche is particularly valuable. He situates Yockey within the broader tradition of fascist and anti-liberal thought, highlighting the philosophical dimensions of his work alongside its political implications.
Despite its scholarly rigor, Yockey: A Fascist Odyssey is not without its shortcomings. Bolton’s sympathetic tone towards Yockey and his ideas raises questions about the book’s objectivity. While Bolton acknowledges the destructive and exclusionary aspects of Yockey’s ideology, his critique often lacks the moral clarity one might expect in a study of a figure whose worldview was rooted in anti-Semitism, racialism, and authoritarianism.
Moreover, the book occasionally overstates Yockey’s influence on post-war far-right movements. While Yockey’s Imperium undoubtedly became a touchstone for certain fascist circles, its reach and impact were relatively limited compared to other far-right thinkers like Julius Evola or Alain de Benoist. Bolton’s insistence on Yockey’s centrality may not be fully justified.
Another limitation is the lack of a broader critique of Yockey’s ideas in relation to contemporary political theory. While Bolton provides a detailed account of Yockey’s vision, he does not sufficiently engage with the challenges or contradictions inherent in his worldview, particularly the tension between his admiration for European culture and his alliances with non-European regimes.
Yockey: A Fascist Odyssey is a significant contribution to the study of far-right intellectual history. It offers valuable insights into a figure whose life and work have been underexplored, especially in comparison to more prominent far-right ideologues. For scholars of fascism, geopolitics, and Cold War history, the book provides a detailed case study of how far-right ideas evolved and adapted in the post-war period.
However, the book’s sympathetic framing and occasional lack of critical distance may limit its usefulness for readers seeking a more balanced or critical analysis. While Bolton’s work is an important resource for understanding Yockey and his milieu, it is best read alongside other studies that situate his ideas within the broader history of fascism and its intellectual challenges.
Kerry Bolton’s Yockey: A Fascist Odyssey is a meticulously researched and thought-provoking biography of one of the 20th century’s most enigmatic far-right thinkers. While its sympathetic tone and occasional overstatement of Yockey’s influence are points of contention, the book remains a valuable resource for scholars interested in the history and evolution of fascist ideology. It serves as both a detailed account of Yockey’s life and an exploration of the broader dynamics of post-war far-right politics.
GPT