It's very rare that I finish a book and then re-read it immediately because it is so intriguing. But that's what I felt compelled to do with this superb new novel from the author of "Life of Pi."
That's not because the story told kept me caught up in unfolding narrative. Nor because one central character was so charismatic and engaging. This book is a tapestry, with a set of separate but interwoven designs -- an abstract painting, its diverse yet connected elements balancing each other and creating impact -- a symphony, its musical parts each distinct yet forming a powerful whole. An exploration of loss, of oppression, of faith and of love, this is also a novel that underlines again the interconnection between humans and animals that Yann Martel insisted on in "Life of Pi" -- and a celebration of allegory and story-telling as central to coming to terms with life and death.
There are three separate parts to the book, but there are actually four intertwined stories that it tells. Tomas is the focus of one narrative, a sorrowful young man who has lost his lover, his child and his father to diptheria, all in one week; he's so devastated that he chooses to walk backwards in his ongoing life in Lisbon, so as to turn his back to God. His quest to the northern mountains of Portugal in one of the country's first automobiles (which he barely learns to drive) becomes a picaresque comedy, beautifully rendered by Martel, before it suddenly turns into harsh tragedy. A second narrative focuses 35 years later on a doctor, responsible for performing autopsies; he is visited late on New Year's Eve by his wife, bringing a bottle of wine, a bag of books and imaginative musings about Agatha Christie's mysteries and their ties to the stories of Jesus in the New Testament. Again, Martel gives us a witty but wise treatment on the insights of fiction writers and the importance of allegory, before this segment also veers into sorrow, tragedy and grim description of dissecting bodies. The third segment, some 40-50 years later, focuses on a Canadian politician, born in Portugal, who also loses his wife, to cancer, and tries to recover by rescuing a chimpanzee from a bleak US animal research centre, then taking the animal back to the rural terrain where the Senator came from originally in those northern mountains of Portugal. The ape is named Odo (Martel says he was originally going to call him Godot, a tip-off to his Zen-like character and existentialist role in the novel.) Again, the section explores in loving detail the remarkable relationship that develops between man and ape -- then shifts toward sorrow.
Underlying all these sections, though, is a fourth story -- that most captures the oppression and loss that can be seen as shaping the Portugal in which the other three narratives play out. That is the story of Father Ulisses, a seventeenth-century Portuguese priest who went to Africa to try to save the souls of those that Portugal was enslaving in Brazil and Sao Tome. The quest of Tomas is driven by finding the journal of this agonized witness of the slave trade's appalling oppression. And this book is filled with detailed testimony of the horrible human tragedy that was unfolding -- how ships threw overboard ill but living people before they came into port, how cramped and terrible the slave ships were with their hundreds of captives moaning and crying at all hours, how hopelessness overcame the slaves working dawn to dusk on plantations -- so much so that they would eat earth to counter their hunger. Finally overcome by the death and viciousness around him, the priest lashes out against slavery -- and when that comes to nothing creates a dramatic wooden crucifix that is sent back to Portugal when he dies.
This book, then, for me, is not just an exploration of love and loss and sorrow among individuals finding solace -- in faith and family and friends. It is also a novel about the systematic and unforgivable oppression practiced by the Portuguese on the peoples of Africa. Father Ulisses and his crucifix are symbols of that tragedy and its enduring legacy.
As Yann Martel says, or course, we each read a book differently. And none of the other reviews I have seen focus on Father Ulisses and the slave trade. But for me his grim priestly testimony, continually quoted in the first section, is not just a counterpoint to the comedy of Tomas and his automobile, it is the underlying sorrow that gives this whole book its force.
The reviews of this novel have been extreme in their variation. One bewildered reviewer calls the book "bafflingly batty;" the Globe and Mail says it is "genuinely thrilling and entirely heartbreaking." But for me this is a book that works. Works in its words, in its depth and in the questions it raises. Thank you, Yann Martel!