Analyzes the history of race-based employment from the beginnings of antidiscriminatory law in 1993, including the germinal concepts which date back to the Reconstruction, until 1972. Throughout the study, the author monitors the ongoing tension between two polarized those who favor individual rights and color-blind, merit based personnel decisions versus those who argue that racial discrimination is institutional, subtle, and unconscious, thus warranting race-conscious, group based action. Also discusses Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and its unintended interpretation by judicial officials, as well as the 1972 Supreme Court decision to establish proportional representation. Annotation c. by Book News, Inc., Portland, Or.