This is an important novel, though it lacks many of the pretensions that would convince us so.
Push, now known as the book that inspired last year's much-renowned hit film Precious, is the first-person account of the teenage life of Claireece Precious Jones, a Harlem teenager who as of writing this account has given birth to two children, a boy and a girl, both products of her rape at the hands of her biological father. In terms of Push's social narrative, it only goes downhill from there: Precious is further abused (sexually and otherwise) by her mother, and furthermore by "the system" -- some gross intersection of the Welfare State, the policies of social workers, and the American education system. Precious enrolls in an alternative school, and the lessons she learns there about language, learning and self-expression are what, ultimately, change her life.
Context, here, is very important. Sapphire, the novel's author, published the novel in the mid-90s but chose as its setting the late 80s. The AIDS crisis, characterized as it was by a demonization of queer people, poor people and people of color, was booming in American media. As well, Ronald Reagan had by then already inserted the "Welfare Queen" into the cultural lexicon. Indeed, for most of the period during which Push takes place, Ronald Reagan is president.
Precious is (or would be, if not for circumstances that I won't reveal here) a welfare beneficiary. She has HIV. She lives in a halfway house. If we're thinking in terms of social commentary, certainly Sapphire has a point to make, here.
But that's not what makes this an important novel. In its own quiet way, Push manages to say as much about literary history and form (and especially African American literary history and form) as it does about the troubling social circumstances that constitute the world -- that is, our world -- in which girls like Precious live. Yet it does so without mapping those literary conceits onto its characters in a way that might invalidate the the truth of those experiences. This is a novel whose language emanates outward from its subject, rather than mapping language onto that subject for the sake of the reader's understanding. Precious's tendency to compare her mind and the images and memories therein to a television set, for example, and her illustrations of what she sees and watches in her mind might lend themselves to the easy categorizations of consumerism and thus postmodernism, and yet the novel isn't really concerned with being about literature or form in that way.
The narrative feels almost disappointingly incomplete, in fact -- there is no true sense of resolution here, no sense of climactic feeling for the reader -- precisely because making a cogent "narrative" of Precious's life would bring awareness to narrative as a literary conceit largely built for readers and not the subjects therein. Sapphire never allows her book to distract from the fact that Precious's account isn't really for the "reader," but for the girl herself. Precious comes alive, in that way. The book is repetitive, even monotonous at times; its images and references are limited because Precious is limited. She doesn't tell us everything -- doesn't give all the dirty details, in a way that may prove frustrating. But a reader-friendly narrative in this context would seem almost perverse. In a novel that is largely concerned with the consequences of social perversion, we might bid the author thanks for resisting the urge to make perverse voyeurs of the novel's readers.
One of the biggest supporters of the film adaptation of this novel was none other than Barbara Bush, who was moved by the film's (and thus the novel's) emphasis on literacy as a way of engendering social freedom. She's onto something, though this is naive. In a sense, Push is about what novels by black American authors have always been about: language, representation, freedom. Consider the ways by which black Americans became English-language literate, in American history. Consider the time, the need, the circumstances. Is it any wonder, then, that Sapphire chooses literacy as the site of her social commentary?
An excellent novel.