Four conversations between novelist Michael Ondaatje and the great film editor Walter Murch---who had worked on the filmic adaptation of Ondaatje's The English Patient . Murch was also responsible for editing Coppola's Godfather trilogy, plus Apocalypse Now, and The Conversation among dozens of other stellar, stellar films, coming out of a sound mixing and editing background. If anybody remembers the thrilling opener of Apocalypse Now, the helicopter blades becoming the fan in Willard's room, back and forth, and the bleed of the sound... that was Murch's handiwork.
What was most interesting to me about the book was not only the insider's view of the making of these and other films--some of my favorites ever, the ones that lured me into film school for a brief moment--but also the lessons that film editing has for fiction-writing, something that struck Ondaatje as well. In that way, it was a great book about writing when it wasn't about writing at all, but about rhythm, framing, narrative juxtaposition, choice.
I have underlined so much of this book, it's an embarrassment of riches what to quote here.
"Don't get too smart too early. When you've finally gotten it all assembled, you can see how far the film has strayed from its intended trajectory."
"If you're too much on the nose, or you present too many ideas too quickly, either they are so obvious that they're uninteresting or there's so much confusion that you can't take it all in.
The editor works at both the macroscopic and the microscopic levels: ranging from deciding how long precisely each shot is held, to restructuring and repositioning scenes, and sometimes to eliminating entire subplots."
Cutting a linear story with a single pov like The Talented Mr. Ripley or The Conversation, as opposed to multi-pov stories like The English Patient or the Godfathers:
"Linearity does sometimes present its own problems... particularly regarding a film's length... Films with a single point of view are on borrowed time if they are more than two hours long. Since there's only one point of view, there's no relief if the audience is not one hundred percent with the film and it can subsequently seem too long even if it isn't objectively so.'
Ondaatje asks about Martin Sheen's intimate, inner voice as narrator of Apocalypse Now, where did that come from?
"There's a direct line from the narration in John Huston's Moby Dick through Zinnemann's Julia [which Murch also worked on] into Apocalypse Now.... a sonically intimate quality... Houston was dissatisfied with how it was sounding because he thought it had a defamatory quality... [during the recording, Basehart] leaned forward close to the microphone and asked 'John, what should I do next?" The microphone was right against his mouth. And Huston said, "That's it!... I want all the narration to sound just like that." "But I'm much too close." "No, you're not!"... If you position the microphone perfectly, you can get the intimacy without too many unwanted side effects... I asked Marty [Sheen} to imagine that the microphone was somebody's head on the pillow next to him, and that he was just talking to her with that kind of intimacy."
On editing actors:
he doesn't watch the shooting, he doesn't want to see any of that Sturm und Drang.
"The editor, who also has an influence on the way the film is construction, can (and should in my view) remain ignorant of all that stuff in order to find value where others might not see value, and on the other hand, to diminish the value of certain things that other people see as far too important. It's one of the crucial functions of the editor. To take, as far as it is possible to take, the view of the audience, who is seeing the film without any knowledge of all the things that went into its contrsuciton. You are studying them the way a sculptor studies a piece of marble tbefore decking to chisel it--here. So have to know al the hidden veins and strnetht and weaknesses of the rock that I'm working with, in order to know where best to put the chisel."
On ambiguity:
Ondaatje: "I've heard you talk before about the importance of ambiguity in film, and the need to save that ambiguous quality which exists in a book or painting and which you think a film does not often have. And at the same time in a mix you are trying to 'perfect' that ambiguity."
Murch: "It's a paradox. And one of the most fruitful paradoxes... even when the film is finished, there should be unsolved problems. Because there's another stage, beyond the finished film: when the audience views it. You want the audience to be co-conspirators in the creation of the work..." If you removed the ambiguity, you would "be doing the film a disservice. But the paradox is that uoui have to approach every problem as if it's desperately important to solve it. You can't say I don't want to slave this because it's got to be anbiguous if you do that, then there's a sort of haemorrhaging of the organism.
... As hard as you work, you must have this secret, unspoken hope that one very significant problem will remain unsolved. But you never know what it is until the film is one."
This kind of thinking goes so far beyond the average movie book--Murch is able to handle large ideas, his work comes out of those ideas. Just a few examples of where this book goes, plus real insider stuff on the making of some of the great films of our time.
Tiny example: I didn't know that Harry Caul--protagonist of The Conversation--was named for Harry Hall, protagonist of Hesse's Steppenwolf. Murch talking about Caul's transparent raincoat (his 'caul'): "It led from he costume to a way of acting, a way of being: Harry Caul is a man who has a membrane between himself and reality The film is about the shedding of that membrane, and how painful it is for this character."
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