A moving and thrilling tale of ordinary people doing extraordinary things in Norway to foil the Nazi’s efforts to produce a nuclear bomb. This is a fictionalized version of how a group of Norwegian patriots, with the help of the British special forces pulled off a commando raid that destroyed the heavy water and equipment at the Norsk Hydro’s Vemork plant in remote Rjukan and later, after the plant got into production again, sank a civilian ferry transporting a shipment of heavy water across a big lake en route to Germany. As a result of these implausible operations, Hitler and his nuclear scientists like Heisenberg did not succeed in this important arms race.
Two brief asides: 1) heavy water, which contains hydrogen with a neutron in its nuclei, can be used to slow down neutrons released in radioactive decay, making it more feasible to produce plutonium in a fission reactor; 2) in recent years technical analysis indicates that the Nazis were unlikely to produce a bomb even if shipments from Vemork succeeded. Regardless, the agents who performed these impossible missions at great risk were told nothing except that stopping the supply of the substance was highly important to the war outcome
The author claims close attention to known details for these two operations, but his efforts to render a realistic version of the life of one of the heroes and of his dedication to the resistance called for so much fiction that he changed their names. Thus, the main character is Kurt Nordstrum, based on the real Knut Haukelid, a civil engineer who joined the resistance (Kompani Linge) in 1941. Other loyal Norwegians and their king fled to England after the German army crushed the opposition and occupied the country, among them the scientist who developed heavy water production at the Rjukan plant, Leif Tronstad. He convinced the British command that the location of the facility in the basement of a massive building in a river cleft in some highland cliffs would be inaccessible to aerial bombing. Thus, the plan was born to infiltrate the factory and plant explosives.
The first step was to parachute in a set of nine Norwegian nationals intensively trained by the British SOE (Special Operations Executive) to hook up with the resistance and together prepare the way for a larger set of British special forces. The winter landing was far from the target on the barren, storm-swept plateau above Rjukan, so much survival skills were called upon (e.g. finding a hunter’s cabin and eating moss to survive). The attempt to bring in the larger force of men and supplies ended in disaster. The gliders released from tow planes crashed with the loss of about 25 skilled commandos, and the survivors were captured, interrogated, and executed. Kurt and the handful of Norwegians (including one young Norwegian-American) pressed on alone.
Picture our band of heroes, heavily loaded with arms and equipment, traveling miles by ski on the high plains to reach the region. Instead of taking the only road from town over a well-patrolled suspension bridge, they passed around and then down into a deep gorge, from which they scaled a 500-foot icy wall to the plant. At night in the middle of winter. Dodging the sentries, quietly subduing a worker to gain entrance, and then crawling through a ventilation tunnel to get into the locked basement facility. There they set plastic explosives on the many tanks, wired a short fuse, and made their exit, presumably to be caught and killed. But the explosions deep in the factory were muffled enough, they pulled off a successful escape with no lives lost. Despite thousands of army and Gestapo forces combing the area for the saboteurs, Kurt is able to help some set out to Sweden by ski, while others he fears are lost to capture or to winter hardship.
Kurt goes back to lonely rural living and more routine resistance activities undermining the regime of the opportunistic Nazi collaborators running the government. We get attached to his quiet, unassuming personality and his little ways to keeping his friends’ hopes alive with humor and generosity. He has trouble getting over the death of his wife and child from bombing earlier in the war. We see him get romantically interested in an elegant Austrian woman who is a violinist on a musical tour of the region. But he holds back, thinking it best for her safety to wait and pursue her after the war is over. He knows he made the right decision when word comes down that the Germans are soon going to move a last big shipment of heavy water out by rail. He and two locals he has recruited devise a plan for planting bombs with timers on the ferry to be used to get the rail cars across a lake. He regrets the loss of civilian lives the sinking will cause, so engineers the bomb placement to allow time for passengers to escape the ship. However, when he learns that his new violinist love interest will be on the ferry, he is faced with a special moral conundrum.
This read has some of the same pleasures of Alan Furst’s tales of ordinary people getting involved in the resistance activities against the Nazi occupation in France and other countries Europe. Here we extend the atmospherics of a society bucking outrageously unjust fate to a more rural setting and bring in the extra issues of surviving the challenges of winter and remote geographies. For those more interested in historical accuracy than inspiring entertainment, one could consider Haukelid’s memoir, “Skis Against the Atom,” or the recent history, “The Winter Fortress: The Epic Mission To Sabotage Hitler’s Atomic Bomb”, by Neil Bascomb. As for me, I am looking for what other thriller by Gross to pursue, and “The One Man” is in hand.
This book was provided by the published for review through the Netgalley program.