March 2015 should have been a time of celebration for Brazil, as it marked thirty years of democracy, a newfound global prominence, over a decade of rising economic prosperity, and stable party politics under the rule of the widely admired PT (Workers’ Party). Instead, the country descended into protest, economic crisis, impeachment, and deep political division. Democratic Brazil Divided offers a comprehensive and nuanced portrayal of long-standing problems that contributed to the emergence of crisis and offers insights into the ways Brazilian democracy has performed well, despite the explosion of crisis. The volume, the third in a series from editors Kingstone and Power, brings together noted scholars to assess the state of Brazilian democracy through analysis of key processes and themes. These include party politics, corruption, the new ‘middle classes’, human rights, economic policy-making, the origins of protest, education and accountability, and social and environmental policy. Overall, the essays argue that democratic politics in Brazil form a complex mosaic where improvements stand alongside stagnation and regression.
An extremely informative read, which educated me in numerous aspects of Brazilian politics and government. I strogly recommend as a read to anyone interested in these topics, specially Brazilians. =)
The introduction puts most of the articles in context, though some, as Chapter 5, came as a surprise. It also draws a quick portrait of the political and economic situation in Brazil for the period on which the book is focused on.
Part I Democratic Context
Chapter 1 - I learned about the coalition presidentalism that prevails in modern politics in Brazil.
Chapter 2 - Here it is talked a bit about the history of PT focused on how it changed in the last 15-20 years. I learned about its original support base, how it is internal dynamic helped to shift the party and make possible Lula’s first election and the concrete transformations in government participation and transparency.
Part II - Policy Innovation
Chapter 3 - I learned about the association Amarribo Brasil.
Chapter 4 - Industry of environmental lincensing, IBAMA as the may actor in one side, and unclear part to be played by communities in the decision making process.
Chapter 5 - Brazil had an enourmous progress in education from middle of the ninetis until present day. Main point is the tranfer of control of money to more local levels of government.
Chapter 6 - The success of Bolsa Familia in lifting huge parcels of the population out of poverty.
Chapter 7 - The sad story of the truth commition on Brazil and a tentative explanation of the particular Brazilian case when compared to the rest of Latin America.
Part III - Politics from the bottom up
Chapter 8 - The emergence of a large middle-class with very heterogeneous ideais and its significant role in politics.
Chapter 9 - The economic context of the 2013 protests.
Part IV - Global projection
Chapter 10 - This chapter talks about Brazil foreign policy. It is a rather interesting account of what is important and what is less so, specially when compared to national politics.
Chapter 11 - A history of the BNDS and general discussion of the role of public banks.