The Mechanism is a superb book about the ground-breaking corruption scandal in Brazil that changed the face of the nation. It is also considered the biggest bribery-scheme discovered till date anywhere in the world.
I came to know about this book from a Netflix TV series of the same name – it wasn’t bad, but it was overtly dramatized so I turned directly to the source material and I was not disappointed.
Vladimir Netto has done such a great job of unravelling this very complex corruption scheme that broke out in Brazil in 2014 which led to top executives from Petrobras (state-run oil and gas giant, the country’s biggest company), construction firms and political members at the highest level being incarcerated.
During the course of the investigation, former president and Brazil’s leftist hero Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva was imprisoned and his successor Dilma Rousseff was impeached as millions of people thronged the streets in support of the operation.
Netto is cautious and detailed in his writing to make the structure of this mafia-like web of organised crime accessible to a layperson. He follows the timeline to show how a money-laundering investigation at a petrol station (from where it got the name “Operation Car Wash”) snowballed to uncover a huge corruption scheme where the country’s top construction firms and politicians were siphoning money off of state-run companies with help of countless middlemen and offshore accounts.
While reading, I was in awe of the judges, prosecutors and detectives who, after few months of work had realised this was no ordinary investigation and decided they would go the distance to uncover this monstrous crime in its entirety. They showed such great resilience to grind it to the end, expose everything despite loud opposition and even if it meant that one day they would have knock on the president’s door.
I think Netto was also a little bit in adulation of Sergio Moro, and rightly so. Without the federal judge’s initial push, the investigation may not have turned out as it did and his ethics and drive to bring the criminals to justice raised him to the status of a hero all over the country. His later actions, though, remain subject to much debate.
I really felt like I lived this “great unravelling” through the book, despite Netto’s obvious admiration of Moro and the operation, he brought in viewpoints of every party involved – the people responsible for the investigation, the company executives, their lawyers, the role of the media, accused politicians and the public’s opinion.
Throughout the book, however, I also had a sombre feeling because I kept wondering, this would never happen in India . From what we have seen, the ruling party’s hold is so strong they would never let it see the light of day and that makes us question if anybody would even have the fight in them to take up such a monumental task.
2014 onwards, Brazil was also suffering from its deepest recession and the Operation Car Wash’s revelations only added to its woes. Petrobrasil and the sixteen construction firms were among the biggest employers in the country but the investigation led them to take billions in write-downs and a few even filed for bankruptcy. Naturally, hundreds and thousands of layoffs ensued, showing again how even when the rich who pocketed millions were being brought to justice, the working class continued to face the brunt.
This anger and distrust of the government served as a precursor to the far-right leader’s Jair Bolsanaro’s anti-corruption drive that gained popularity and eventually brought him to power in Brazil in 2018. This is quite similar to Modi’s rise in India too, despite the right being blatantly xenophobic and corrupt themselves, the party at the helm before his was constantly being implicated in one scandal after another.