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Depression, Anxiety, and the Christian Life: Practical Wisdom from Richard Baxter
Depression, whether circumstantial and fleeting or persistent and long term, impacts over two-thirds of Americans at some point in their lifetimes. Much research has been done on depression as a disorder, but many oversimplify or just overlook this abiding reality. Puritan pastor Richard Baxter spent much of his ministry caring for depressed and discouraged souls, and his counsel, though now 350 years old, sheds profound insight on how Christians should think about and deal with depression, while acknowledging its complex roots—addressing issues such as sin, physiology, and temperament. With an introduction from renowned theologian J. I. Packer and commentary from psychiatrist Michael Lundy, this book presents Baxter’s wise, pastoral counsel to help comfort and strengthen all who struggle with depression or know someone who does.
194 pages, Kindle Edition
First published July 1, 2020
146 people are currently reading
481 people want to read
About the author
J.I. Packer
446 books931 followersWhat do J. I. Packer, Billy Graham and Richard John Neuhaus have in common? Each was recently named by TIME magazine as among the 25 most influential evangelicals in America.
Dr. Packer, the Board of Governors’ Professor of Theology at Regent College, was hailed by TIME as “a doctrinal Solomon” among Protestants. “Mediating debates on everything from a particular Bible translation to the acceptability of free-flowing Pentecostal spirituality, Packer helps unify a community [evangelicalism] that could easily fall victim to its internal tensions.”
Knowing God, Dr. Packer’s seminal 1973 work, was lauded as a book which articulated shared beliefs for members of diverse denominations; the TIME profile quotes Michael Cromartie of the Ethics and Public Policy Center in Washington as saying, “conservative Methodists and Presbyterians and Baptists could all look to [Knowing God] and say, ‘This sums it all up for us.’”
In a similar tribute to Dr. Packer almost ten years ago, American theologian Mark Noll wrote in Christianity Today that, “Packer’s ability to address immensely important subjects in crisp, succinct sentences is one of the reasons why, both as an author and speaker, he has played such an important role among American evangelicals for four decades.”
For over 25 years Regent College students have been privileged to study under Dr. Packer’s clear and lucid teaching, and our faculty, staff and students celebrate the international recognition he rightly receives as a leading Christian thinker and teacher.
(https://www.regent-college.edu/facult...)
Dr. Packer, the Board of Governors’ Professor of Theology at Regent College, was hailed by TIME as “a doctrinal Solomon” among Protestants. “Mediating debates on everything from a particular Bible translation to the acceptability of free-flowing Pentecostal spirituality, Packer helps unify a community [evangelicalism] that could easily fall victim to its internal tensions.”
Knowing God, Dr. Packer’s seminal 1973 work, was lauded as a book which articulated shared beliefs for members of diverse denominations; the TIME profile quotes Michael Cromartie of the Ethics and Public Policy Center in Washington as saying, “conservative Methodists and Presbyterians and Baptists could all look to [Knowing God] and say, ‘This sums it all up for us.’”
In a similar tribute to Dr. Packer almost ten years ago, American theologian Mark Noll wrote in Christianity Today that, “Packer’s ability to address immensely important subjects in crisp, succinct sentences is one of the reasons why, both as an author and speaker, he has played such an important role among American evangelicals for four decades.”
For over 25 years Regent College students have been privileged to study under Dr. Packer’s clear and lucid teaching, and our faculty, staff and students celebrate the international recognition he rightly receives as a leading Christian thinker and teacher.
(https://www.regent-college.edu/facult...)
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Displaying 1 - 30 of 75 reviews
January 1, 2022
Really very good. The book is written by three folks: Dr Packer, Dr Lundy and Mr Baxter. The first two set up and introduce the third: Packer with a theological/historical introduction to Baxter and his work, and Lundy with a more medicinal/counselling based view. Both are fascinating (Lundy's more so) detailing how Baxter was particularly adept at helping depressed people in his ministry. These first two chapters are very interesting and, aside from bringing unique additional views in themselves, help attend themes and principles in Baxter's section that would I would have more easily missed without.
The rest of the book is by Mr Richard Baxter, a puritan pastor of the 17th century. You might think this makes him an odd choice for counselling what we think of as a 'modern epidemic' of people with mere 'chemical imbalances'. This is not the case. Baxter (and Lundy) reject the notion that depression is a purely psychological or only purely chemical condition. The gist you get of Baxter is that he had a better grasp of the condition than most people do today, even many in the medical profession (as noted by Lundy, an experienced psychologist).
Baxter describes depression in detail, discussing symptoms and causes, and advising treatment according to his rich biblical view of the christian life.
He goes way beyond 'here's a helpful passage, now be on your way' and is incredibly practical, with advice regarding medication, outlook, physical activity, interacting with others, and 'christian duties' just to name a few. He is also eminently compassionate throughout and repeatedly advocates for those who have depression. Apt is the name of soul-physician for this man, and his tenderness and wisdom is no doubt partially borne of his time as lay physician, a role he carried out for many years in Kidderminster.
Obviously scientific knowledge has increased greatly since the 17th century, and a few paragraphs are rather whack from a medical perspective, as is to be expected. However, these are still interesting, and are addressed by Lundy's interesting annotations. Baxter's original texts are also well updated by Lundy, although I wasn't quite used to the trajectory of a few of the arguments/sections. This was likely due to my logical inefficiency as much as the historical divide, and a reread may solve this a little.
Overall, I was encouraged and stirred with resolve and heartiness. I'd really recommend this book to anyone who struggles with or knows someone with depression. The latter more so , as it may be rather a tougher read for those presently and directly struggling.
The rest of the book is by Mr Richard Baxter, a puritan pastor of the 17th century. You might think this makes him an odd choice for counselling what we think of as a 'modern epidemic' of people with mere 'chemical imbalances'. This is not the case. Baxter (and Lundy) reject the notion that depression is a purely psychological or only purely chemical condition. The gist you get of Baxter is that he had a better grasp of the condition than most people do today, even many in the medical profession (as noted by Lundy, an experienced psychologist).
Baxter describes depression in detail, discussing symptoms and causes, and advising treatment according to his rich biblical view of the christian life.
He goes way beyond 'here's a helpful passage, now be on your way' and is incredibly practical, with advice regarding medication, outlook, physical activity, interacting with others, and 'christian duties' just to name a few. He is also eminently compassionate throughout and repeatedly advocates for those who have depression. Apt is the name of soul-physician for this man, and his tenderness and wisdom is no doubt partially borne of his time as lay physician, a role he carried out for many years in Kidderminster.
Obviously scientific knowledge has increased greatly since the 17th century, and a few paragraphs are rather whack from a medical perspective, as is to be expected. However, these are still interesting, and are addressed by Lundy's interesting annotations. Baxter's original texts are also well updated by Lundy, although I wasn't quite used to the trajectory of a few of the arguments/sections. This was likely due to my logical inefficiency as much as the historical divide, and a reread may solve this a little.
Overall, I was encouraged and stirred with resolve and heartiness. I'd really recommend this book to anyone who struggles with or knows someone with depression. The latter more so , as it may be rather a tougher read for those presently and directly struggling.
July 5, 2022
Disappointing. I know that Richard Baxter's writings are revered by many (justifiably, I'm sure), but to me he sounds like someone unfamiliar with clinical depression. Much of his admonition comes across as a pep talk; get a grip, repent, just do it, praise God, stop wallowing, stop going overboard on sorrow, etc. Having experienced a significant period of clinical depression, none of these approaches would have fazed me. They might help someone who is just feeling down, or indulging in self-pity, or is apathetic or lazy, but these are very different from clinical depression. Definitely not recommended for someone experiencing clinical depression.
December 29, 2020
Helpful for counselors and counselees learning to care for others (and our own hearts) prone to the debilitating weight of doubt, grief, melancholy, and depression. Richard Baxter’s practical wisdom is helpful, though I did not fully agree with his stoic approach to certain things as a prescription for contentment.
September 29, 2024
This is a remarkably helpful book -- more helpful than I thought it would be. The book is a manual of sorts drawn from the English Puritan Richard Baxter's monumental work of casuistry, the massive 'Christian Directory.' The late J. I. Packer, who was a theologian, pastor, and expert on Baxter, joins with psychiatrist Michael Lundy who both introduce Baxter from their respective disciplines, and provide an update of language and abridgement to the sections in the Directory dealing with mental health disorders. Though some of the medical side of Baxter's recommendations are dated (based as they are on the humours), the advice he gives on how to deal with someone who struggles with depression or anxiety is gold. I was actually seriously surprised at how good Baxter is on this score and deeply encouraged. His goodness is really his balance, which is grounded in his wisdom. I genuinely wish that Christians, whether in ministry or not, would read this book -- especially if they struggle with mental health or are close to someone who does. I simply cannot recommend this highly enough, especially as one who struggles with depression.
August 4, 2023
The bulk of this book are two excerpts from Richard Baxter on dealing with depression and anxiety. While Baxter doesn't use those terms, he writes as a man acquainted with those burdens in his own mind, and as a pastor experienced with counselling others. Deeply useful and edifying.
If you're just looking for help yourself, you can probably skip Packer and Lundy's introductions and just get to the meat of it.
If you're just looking for help yourself, you can probably skip Packer and Lundy's introductions and just get to the meat of it.
December 21, 2022
Un libro que ayuda a consolar, instruir y fortalecer a todos los que luchan contra la depresión.
September 6, 2021
4.5 ⭐️ The practical counsels of Baxter concerning depressed person of all sorts are surprisingly timely and really helpful. He even often give counsels to the family and friends of the depressed, and also to the physician (there’s a really good appendix at the end concerning them)!
February 22, 2024
Some of the best practical wisdom for seasons of heaviness that I’ve heard. Baxter who obviously has experience as a doctor is both extremely convicting and encouraging using the promises of God which is a balm for the soul.
December 29, 2025
I don't understand the theological issues well enough to stick my nose into the question of Baxter's orthodoxy or lack thereof. All I know is that his pastoral instincts were spot on. I only wish I could be sure that everything here was really Baxter and not some too highly edited version of Baxter.
September 13, 2020
This is an outstanding book. J.I. Packer introduces the reader to Puritan writer Richard Baxter, helping us see the value of listening to the wisdom and advice of a 17th-century pastor on what most people think is a 21st-century problem: mental health and wellbeing. In truth, human beings have struggled with mental illness since time immemorial. Baxter offers diagnosis and treatment for mental health issues. What makes a Puritan like Baxter so helpful is the way he interweaves biblical truth, experiential wisdom, compassion for people, practical solutions, and reasonable medical advice. The Puritans were known as worldly saints, who ably manage earthly and spiritual concerns under one umbrella of Christ and his Word. Baxter makes mention of both the physical and spiritual influences and remedies in dealing with mental health. Our body health, diet, economic and social circumstances as well as the state of our soul all have a hand in shaping our wellbeing. You would be hard pressed to find a 21st-century author presenting a more balanced and complete view of the human condition. The book is also helpfully introduced, updated, and annotated by Christian psychiatrist Michael Lundy. This is an essential resource for pastors, counselors, psychologists, psychiatrists, Christian laypeople, and Christians who wrestle with depression and anxiety. I highly recommend this book! I hope to read it again soon!
September 18, 2020
Free audiobook from One Audiobooks September 2020.
This book provides a brief but useful approach to the experience and treatment of depression by the puritan minister Richard Baxter. This edition features lots of historical background about Baxter himself and his times which can be safely skipped if short on time, but the core chapters of Baxter's own advice will still be found to be useful to modern readers.
Contrary to stereotypes, Baxter didn't merely prescribe more piety or devotion as the cure for depression, but had a surprisingly modern approach to depression that took into account such diverse factors as the experience of trauma, ruminating thoughts, lack of emotional self control, biological illness, false religious beliefs, spiritual oppression, and obsessive personalities. In each case he provides salient advice that most depressed and anxious people (or those caring for them) will find quite useful.
Baxter was constantly dealing with this problem back in the early 1600s. The impression I got from listening through this book was that he often had multiple patients each week whom he was counseling through these problems. During his day, ministers were often left to perform rudimentary medical work themselves for lack of physicians, and he is clearly experienced with helping those afflicted.
Medical science has progressed since Baxter's day and he makes casual mention to a few outdated ideas from premodern medicine (mostly relating to the function of blood, various bodily fluids, and the function of certain organs), but these differences are fairly insignificant in terms of the scope and usefulness of the book. Furthermore, these premodern doctors did experience degrees of success with their treatments, so despite being misguided in some of their theory, they were at times effective.
All in all, I would recommend this book to those struggling with depression, especially those whose depression is mingled with theology and their faith. Baxter clearly cared about his readers, and I would recommend we heed some of his counsel.
This book provides a brief but useful approach to the experience and treatment of depression by the puritan minister Richard Baxter. This edition features lots of historical background about Baxter himself and his times which can be safely skipped if short on time, but the core chapters of Baxter's own advice will still be found to be useful to modern readers.
Contrary to stereotypes, Baxter didn't merely prescribe more piety or devotion as the cure for depression, but had a surprisingly modern approach to depression that took into account such diverse factors as the experience of trauma, ruminating thoughts, lack of emotional self control, biological illness, false religious beliefs, spiritual oppression, and obsessive personalities. In each case he provides salient advice that most depressed and anxious people (or those caring for them) will find quite useful.
Baxter was constantly dealing with this problem back in the early 1600s. The impression I got from listening through this book was that he often had multiple patients each week whom he was counseling through these problems. During his day, ministers were often left to perform rudimentary medical work themselves for lack of physicians, and he is clearly experienced with helping those afflicted.
Medical science has progressed since Baxter's day and he makes casual mention to a few outdated ideas from premodern medicine (mostly relating to the function of blood, various bodily fluids, and the function of certain organs), but these differences are fairly insignificant in terms of the scope and usefulness of the book. Furthermore, these premodern doctors did experience degrees of success with their treatments, so despite being misguided in some of their theory, they were at times effective.
All in all, I would recommend this book to those struggling with depression, especially those whose depression is mingled with theology and their faith. Baxter clearly cared about his readers, and I would recommend we heed some of his counsel.
January 12, 2024
Alright, this book is an absolute banger. Who knew that advice on depression from hundreds of years ago would be so good? It’s full of great stuff. Soundly Biblical too.
Page 79 talks of those who have lost the power of their thoughts by reason. This theme is common - the ability otherwise of someone, if they so wish, to push back against the poison of deceptive, depressive thoughts. I really like this. A lot. Heaps. Why sit back and just listen to negative thoughts and emotions? No, fight them! Speak God’s truth. It parallels page 20 of Lloyd-Jones’ ‘Spiritual Depression’: to not just listen to yourself but instead to speak back against your own deceit.
Indeed much of the book is a pleasant antidote to depressive neuroticism! The author offers a straightforward truth telling without regard for needless niceties, but still clearly writes with tenderness. For example, he states that sometimes sufferings and sorrows require rebuke, not pity. It’s not very PC.
It’s also amazing how much is so similar and applicable - the behaviour of human beings is quite familiar.
It ends well: “All said, holy faith, hope and joy are the best medicine of all.”
(Despite reading this and similar, I am not depressed. But I am having some down months amongst good ones. The trend is up. I do not need attention.)
Page 79 talks of those who have lost the power of their thoughts by reason. This theme is common - the ability otherwise of someone, if they so wish, to push back against the poison of deceptive, depressive thoughts. I really like this. A lot. Heaps. Why sit back and just listen to negative thoughts and emotions? No, fight them! Speak God’s truth. It parallels page 20 of Lloyd-Jones’ ‘Spiritual Depression’: to not just listen to yourself but instead to speak back against your own deceit.
Indeed much of the book is a pleasant antidote to depressive neuroticism! The author offers a straightforward truth telling without regard for needless niceties, but still clearly writes with tenderness. For example, he states that sometimes sufferings and sorrows require rebuke, not pity. It’s not very PC.
It’s also amazing how much is so similar and applicable - the behaviour of human beings is quite familiar.
It ends well: “All said, holy faith, hope and joy are the best medicine of all.”
(Despite reading this and similar, I am not depressed. But I am having some down months amongst good ones. The trend is up. I do not need attention.)
October 25, 2018
Who Was Richard Baxter?
Alive in the 1600s he was known as a Puritan. He was a preacher, physician and author. He was very wise and wrote about melancholy (what they called depression, anxiety and similar conditions at the time.)
About This Book
The book is separated into sections. Part 1 introduces the reader to Richard Baxter and gives history and information on his life and who he was. This is interesting and important to understand Part 2. Part 2 is his advice to those with depression and anxiety and similar conditions. The book is the words of Richard Baxter updated for the times so although some words may have been changed, the advice is the same. It’s hard to believe that Baxter understood mental illness so well in the 1600s when even the 1900s had some crazy ideas about it.
Obviously his advice is within the constraints of Christianity but I have to agree that embracing the faith really is healing as it’s healed me. I still have mental illness but I embrace my faith to keep it under wraps. Even the parts he mentions that aren’t specifically Christian make SO much sense.
Alive in the 1600s he was known as a Puritan. He was a preacher, physician and author. He was very wise and wrote about melancholy (what they called depression, anxiety and similar conditions at the time.)
About This Book
The book is separated into sections. Part 1 introduces the reader to Richard Baxter and gives history and information on his life and who he was. This is interesting and important to understand Part 2. Part 2 is his advice to those with depression and anxiety and similar conditions. The book is the words of Richard Baxter updated for the times so although some words may have been changed, the advice is the same. It’s hard to believe that Baxter understood mental illness so well in the 1600s when even the 1900s had some crazy ideas about it.
Obviously his advice is within the constraints of Christianity but I have to agree that embracing the faith really is healing as it’s healed me. I still have mental illness but I embrace my faith to keep it under wraps. Even the parts he mentions that aren’t specifically Christian make SO much sense.
January 29, 2019
Helpful to hear a Puritan (non-modern) voice in addressing depression, anxiety, & overwhelming sorrow. Even if you don’t struggle with these things, there’s some sound wisdom in Richard Baxter’s approach. J.I. Packer, who introduces Baxter to the modern reader, summarizes 3 basic perspectives that pervade Baxter’s writings: 1). The primacy of the intellect. He calls the afflicted to think on/ consider God’s truth constantly because all truth enters the soul via understanding. 2). The unity of human life before the Lord. Call to love God and love others is central, and it starts with your own family—he who can’t love his family well is hypocritical. 3). The centrality of eternity. Heaven & hell are realities and every human will inhabit one of these 2 destinations forever. Thinking on this reality shapes our preoccupations.
February 10, 2019
3.5 out of 5 stars for this one. I did quite enjoy this book, I think Baxter has some really great application points and “diagnoses” of spiritual depression. The book is divided into two primary sections; the first being Packer and Lundy introducing Baxter as both a Puritan and Physician, and the second being Baxter’s annotated and revised essays. His essays read sort of like a step by step manual. He talked a lot about what depression looks like, where it comes from, and how, for the Christian, it is rooted in unbelief. His descriptions of depression were super spot on, his methods for treating them on the spiritual realm were simple and helpful. The last half of Baxter’s essay briefly covered his methods for treating depression medically which didn’t seem to hold much weight or importance in addressing the issue today (just didn’t have much understanding in his day and age). Overall would recommend to someone who is prone to “melancholy”, Baxter gave solid biblical reproof of why we are called not to be, “overwhelmed with excessive sorrow.”
January 7, 2025
4.7/5 An excellent book. Although I disagree with some of the methodology from the psych perspective, the second half where it’s mostly Baxter’s theology and practical theology intertwine, is simplistically powerful.
Depression has been my primary ministry in this past year. I’ve helped people with and suffered with depression but the lingering words of Baxter is sustaining. The methods will vary but the medicine has been the same as it ever will be, longing eyes on Christ above all things and sweeter desires for heaven than earthly treasures.
The depressed are suffering sinners. (We) need to desire holy things above all other things until they diminish in value and we’re left with the beauty of Christ.
Depression has been my primary ministry in this past year. I’ve helped people with and suffered with depression but the lingering words of Baxter is sustaining. The methods will vary but the medicine has been the same as it ever will be, longing eyes on Christ above all things and sweeter desires for heaven than earthly treasures.
The depressed are suffering sinners. (We) need to desire holy things above all other things until they diminish in value and we’re left with the beauty of Christ.
August 19, 2024
I recommend this book to anyone who is in pastoral ministry. Such a beautiful picture of addressing spiritual depression and anxieties. I also really loved the chapters introducing the topic and framing Baxters use of language to talk about what we know of today as depression and anxiety disorders. .
July 8, 2021
Baxter approaches anxiety and depression in a very simple, practical, and holistic way. Go to your pastor. Go to your doctor. A good and easy read for Christians to understand what is going on and how to deal with "melancholy and overmuch sorrow."
April 6, 2022
When I get to heaven I can’t wait to thank Richard Baxter for the timeless advise he gave hundreds of years ago that so resonated and encouraged me.
Practical and centered in scripture, Richard uniquely approaches the topic of anxiety and depression as both a puritan pastor and medical professional.
Must read for biblical counselors or anyone struggling with burnout or anxiety!
Practical and centered in scripture, Richard uniquely approaches the topic of anxiety and depression as both a puritan pastor and medical professional.
Must read for biblical counselors or anyone struggling with burnout or anxiety!
April 12, 2024
Great book! Very good practical and theological wisdom. A bit cumbersome to the casual reader but laid out in a way that is very useful to help alleviate some of that.
April 3, 2021
This is a helpful review:
https://www.biblicalcounselingcoaliti...
https://www.biblicalcounselingcoaliti...
October 11, 2018
A theologian, a psychiatrist, and a Puritan pastor walked into a book….
Joking aside, in Depression, Anxiety, and the Christian Life: Practical Wisdom from Richard Baxter, theologian J. I. Packer, psychiatrist Dr. Michael Lundy, and the seventeenth-century Puritan pastor Richard Baxter join forces to introduce Baxter’s counsel on these mood disorders to twenty-first century readers. Dr. Packer provides the preface and a chapter of biographical-historical context about Baxter. Dr. Lundy provides a “Perspective and Retrospective” chapter describing his professional and church experiences with the shortcomings of both the medical-only and counseling-only approaches to treating mental illness. The bulk of the book comprises 3 substantial messages on the topic by Baxter, with language updated for modern readers by Dr. Lundy.
Why Baxter? Here is Packer’s explanation:
We believe that in the wisdom of God thorns in the flesh—mental and emotional thorns included—may become means of spiritual advance that would not otherwise take place. And we believe that greater wisdom in this matter than we are used to is found in the pastoral heritage of seventeenth-century Puritanism. Supreme here is the wisdom of Richard Baxter, who in his day was viewed and consulted as a top authority regarding ministry to Christians afflicted by what was then called “melancholy,” but would today be labeled depression. Our hope is that by presenting what Baxter wrote in this field we may contribute to wise pastoral care in Bible-believing, gospel-centered, Christ-honoring churches at this time (12).
Richard Baxter served as a pastor from 1638 to 1662, when changes in religious freedom laws in England forced him out of the pastorate and into a full-time writing vocation for the final 3 decades of his life. In that day, many towns and villages did not have a resident physician. In those cases, the pastor, as most educated member of the community, served as a lay physician providing care for the parish’s bodies as well as souls. His counsel as reproduced in this volume reflects that holistic approach. Packer sums this up:
…never letting melancholics lose sight of the redeeming love of God, the free offer of life in Christ, and the greatness of grace at every point in the gospel; not attempting to practice the “secret duty” of meditation and prayer on one’s own, but praying aloud in company; cultivating cheerful Christian community (“there is no mirth like the mirth of believers”); avoiding idleness; and making good use of a skilled physician, a discerning pastor, and other faithful Christian mentors and friends, for support, guidance, and hopefully a cure (28-29).
Dr. Lundy describes Baxter’s approach as a rudimentary forerunner of today’s cognitive behavioral therapy. His counsel is both compassionate and tough, kind and sometimes admonishing. Lundy writes, “he does not permit a particular inability to license a general unwillingness, or excuse his readers for failing to do what they can do on the grounds that they can not do all that they should or would do” (55). When the patient is truly incapacitated by the depression or anxiety (“melancholy”), Baxter directs his exhortations to the family, friends, pastor, and physician of the sufferer.
In the addresses by Baxter himself, I found his lists of attributes of melancholy and directions to the patient to be helpful and consistent with other books and articles I have read on depression. The passages I would have underlined and dog-eared in a physical copy reoriented the suffering person outward and upward: outward to Christian community and the duties within reach (while not minimizing the strong depressive impulse towards solitude and inactivity) and upward toward God and His work, away from self. He compares the “broken imagination” of a depressed person to a broken leg and urges temporary mental rest. During episodes of depression, he cautions against attempts at lengthy times of prayer, confession of sin, and meditation as too taxing for the ailing mind and as a danger of a downward spiral of negative thought and emotion. He encourages short prayers, praying aloud in the company of more emotionally healthy believers, and “getting out of one’s own room” to take up some good, diverting task that requires more action than rumination.
His comments in the second address on the relationship of excessive sorrow and Christian hope resonated deeply with my experience from periods of depression in my own life and from trying to love depressed friends well and faithfully:
Excessive sorrow interferes with hope even more than with faith. This happens when those who consider themselves believers perceive God’s Word and promises to be true and applicable to everyone but themselves. Hope is that grace by which one not only believes the claims of the gospel but also rests in the comfort that those same gospel promises will be his own specifically, and not just generally. It is an act of application. The first action of faith is to acknowledge that the gospel is true and promises grace and future glory through Christ. The second action is when that faith says, as it were, “I will trust my soul and my all upon that gospel and take Christ to be my Savior and my help.” Hope then looks with anticipation to that salvation from him. Melancholy, excessive sorrow, and dismay, however, quench such hope, as water quenches fire or ice heat. Despair is the essence of such opposition to hope. The depressed desperately would hope for themselves but find themselves unable to do so. Their thoughts about such matters are filled with suspicion and misgivings, and so they see a future of danger and misery, and feel helpless. In the absence of hope—which we are assured is the very anchor of the soul—it is no wonder that these are continually tossed about by the storms of life (110).
Baxter follows that with an examination, beginning with the physical, of the potential causes of such excessive sorrow before turning to the cure and prevention. He warns against impatience and discontent in suffering as early attitudes which, if not resisted, can lead to depression. “Discontent is an ongoing resistance to God’s disposing will, and even a degree of rebellion against it, in which your own will rises up against that of God. It is atheism in practice to think your sufferings are not part of his providence” (134). And again, “when you do experience desperation to be delivered, remember that this is not trusting God. Attend to your actual duty and obey his command, but leave it to him what shall come your way. Tormenting worry only increases your sufferings; it is a great mercy of God that he forbids this kind of fretting and promises to take care of you” (134).
He balances those firm exhortations with consoling words like these:
When Christ was in agony for our sins and cried out, “My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?” he was nevertheless beloved by his Father. [Feeling does not equate to reality.] He was tempted that he might comfort those that are tempted, and suffered such derision that he might be a compassionate High Priest to others (153).
All our troubles are under God’s sovereign rule; it is far better for us to be subject to his choice and disposition than to our own or that of our dearest friends. He has promised that all things will work together for our own good (153).
His counsel to friends and loved ones seeking to care for the depressed person are no-nonsense, focused on providing them any small pleasures and removing unnecessary irritants, frequently reminding them of gospel truths that are best suited to comfort, reading encouraging books to them if they are too weary of mind to read for themselves, bringing an able Christian pastor into the mix, and not neglecting medication when prescribed by a good physician. Here is a sample in his own words:
As much as possible, distract such individuals from the thoughts that so preoccupy and torment them. Focus them on other conversation and matters. Intrude into their space and interrupt their ruminations. Rouse them from such musings with loving and unwavering insistence. Don’t allow them to spend too much time alone, but arrange for suitable companions to be with them, or take them to visit friends. Be especially careful not to let them be idle, but press or entice them into some pleasant activity that may entail physical as well as mental action (160).
It is also useful if you can engage them in providing comfort to others who are worse off than they. This will convince them that their own case is not unique, and they will actually be encouraging themselves as they encourage others. In my own personal experience, a primary way to resolve my own doubts about the state of my soul was through frequently comforting others that had the same doubts, and whose lives persuaded me of their sincerity (161-162).
If you will bear with one final quote, this bit of counsel moved me to worship, and I pray it blesses you too:
Set your thoughts on the things you know to be right and good: don’t focus on yourself and your own heart. Even the best may find within much to trouble them. As turning millstones only wear themselves down in the absence of grain to grind, so do the thoughts of the depressed when they think only of the troubles of their UIKEYINPUTDOWNARROWown hearts. To the degree that you can, direct your thoughts toward these four matters:
A. The infinite goodness of God, who is more full of love than is the sun of light;
B. The immeasurable love of Christ in redeeming mankind, and the sufficiency of his sacrifice and merits;
C. The free covenant and offer of grace, which give pardon and life to all who neither prefer sin nor obstinately refuse them to the end;
D. The inconceivable glory and joy that all the blessed have with Christ, and that God has promised with his oath and seal to everyone who consents to the covenant of grace and are willing to be saved and ruled by Christ (155).
In conclusion, Depression, Anxiety, and the Christian Life does an excellent job of introducing contemporary readers to a Puritan writer I would like to know better. It is not an easy read, even with the updated language, but it is an edifying one. The holistic approach to mental illness, combining medical therapy, pastoral counsel, and partnership with the patient’s community, presents a demanding but well-reasoned philosophy of care. I commend this book to mental health professionals and pastoral counselors. As a complete non-professional who has experienced depression and anxiety and has many friends in the throes of these afflictions, I found it instructive, hopeful, realistic, and God-exalting.
Joking aside, in Depression, Anxiety, and the Christian Life: Practical Wisdom from Richard Baxter, theologian J. I. Packer, psychiatrist Dr. Michael Lundy, and the seventeenth-century Puritan pastor Richard Baxter join forces to introduce Baxter’s counsel on these mood disorders to twenty-first century readers. Dr. Packer provides the preface and a chapter of biographical-historical context about Baxter. Dr. Lundy provides a “Perspective and Retrospective” chapter describing his professional and church experiences with the shortcomings of both the medical-only and counseling-only approaches to treating mental illness. The bulk of the book comprises 3 substantial messages on the topic by Baxter, with language updated for modern readers by Dr. Lundy.
Why Baxter? Here is Packer’s explanation:
We believe that in the wisdom of God thorns in the flesh—mental and emotional thorns included—may become means of spiritual advance that would not otherwise take place. And we believe that greater wisdom in this matter than we are used to is found in the pastoral heritage of seventeenth-century Puritanism. Supreme here is the wisdom of Richard Baxter, who in his day was viewed and consulted as a top authority regarding ministry to Christians afflicted by what was then called “melancholy,” but would today be labeled depression. Our hope is that by presenting what Baxter wrote in this field we may contribute to wise pastoral care in Bible-believing, gospel-centered, Christ-honoring churches at this time (12).
Richard Baxter served as a pastor from 1638 to 1662, when changes in religious freedom laws in England forced him out of the pastorate and into a full-time writing vocation for the final 3 decades of his life. In that day, many towns and villages did not have a resident physician. In those cases, the pastor, as most educated member of the community, served as a lay physician providing care for the parish’s bodies as well as souls. His counsel as reproduced in this volume reflects that holistic approach. Packer sums this up:
…never letting melancholics lose sight of the redeeming love of God, the free offer of life in Christ, and the greatness of grace at every point in the gospel; not attempting to practice the “secret duty” of meditation and prayer on one’s own, but praying aloud in company; cultivating cheerful Christian community (“there is no mirth like the mirth of believers”); avoiding idleness; and making good use of a skilled physician, a discerning pastor, and other faithful Christian mentors and friends, for support, guidance, and hopefully a cure (28-29).
Dr. Lundy describes Baxter’s approach as a rudimentary forerunner of today’s cognitive behavioral therapy. His counsel is both compassionate and tough, kind and sometimes admonishing. Lundy writes, “he does not permit a particular inability to license a general unwillingness, or excuse his readers for failing to do what they can do on the grounds that they can not do all that they should or would do” (55). When the patient is truly incapacitated by the depression or anxiety (“melancholy”), Baxter directs his exhortations to the family, friends, pastor, and physician of the sufferer.
In the addresses by Baxter himself, I found his lists of attributes of melancholy and directions to the patient to be helpful and consistent with other books and articles I have read on depression. The passages I would have underlined and dog-eared in a physical copy reoriented the suffering person outward and upward: outward to Christian community and the duties within reach (while not minimizing the strong depressive impulse towards solitude and inactivity) and upward toward God and His work, away from self. He compares the “broken imagination” of a depressed person to a broken leg and urges temporary mental rest. During episodes of depression, he cautions against attempts at lengthy times of prayer, confession of sin, and meditation as too taxing for the ailing mind and as a danger of a downward spiral of negative thought and emotion. He encourages short prayers, praying aloud in the company of more emotionally healthy believers, and “getting out of one’s own room” to take up some good, diverting task that requires more action than rumination.
His comments in the second address on the relationship of excessive sorrow and Christian hope resonated deeply with my experience from periods of depression in my own life and from trying to love depressed friends well and faithfully:
Excessive sorrow interferes with hope even more than with faith. This happens when those who consider themselves believers perceive God’s Word and promises to be true and applicable to everyone but themselves. Hope is that grace by which one not only believes the claims of the gospel but also rests in the comfort that those same gospel promises will be his own specifically, and not just generally. It is an act of application. The first action of faith is to acknowledge that the gospel is true and promises grace and future glory through Christ. The second action is when that faith says, as it were, “I will trust my soul and my all upon that gospel and take Christ to be my Savior and my help.” Hope then looks with anticipation to that salvation from him. Melancholy, excessive sorrow, and dismay, however, quench such hope, as water quenches fire or ice heat. Despair is the essence of such opposition to hope. The depressed desperately would hope for themselves but find themselves unable to do so. Their thoughts about such matters are filled with suspicion and misgivings, and so they see a future of danger and misery, and feel helpless. In the absence of hope—which we are assured is the very anchor of the soul—it is no wonder that these are continually tossed about by the storms of life (110).
Baxter follows that with an examination, beginning with the physical, of the potential causes of such excessive sorrow before turning to the cure and prevention. He warns against impatience and discontent in suffering as early attitudes which, if not resisted, can lead to depression. “Discontent is an ongoing resistance to God’s disposing will, and even a degree of rebellion against it, in which your own will rises up against that of God. It is atheism in practice to think your sufferings are not part of his providence” (134). And again, “when you do experience desperation to be delivered, remember that this is not trusting God. Attend to your actual duty and obey his command, but leave it to him what shall come your way. Tormenting worry only increases your sufferings; it is a great mercy of God that he forbids this kind of fretting and promises to take care of you” (134).
He balances those firm exhortations with consoling words like these:
When Christ was in agony for our sins and cried out, “My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?” he was nevertheless beloved by his Father. [Feeling does not equate to reality.] He was tempted that he might comfort those that are tempted, and suffered such derision that he might be a compassionate High Priest to others (153).
All our troubles are under God’s sovereign rule; it is far better for us to be subject to his choice and disposition than to our own or that of our dearest friends. He has promised that all things will work together for our own good (153).
His counsel to friends and loved ones seeking to care for the depressed person are no-nonsense, focused on providing them any small pleasures and removing unnecessary irritants, frequently reminding them of gospel truths that are best suited to comfort, reading encouraging books to them if they are too weary of mind to read for themselves, bringing an able Christian pastor into the mix, and not neglecting medication when prescribed by a good physician. Here is a sample in his own words:
As much as possible, distract such individuals from the thoughts that so preoccupy and torment them. Focus them on other conversation and matters. Intrude into their space and interrupt their ruminations. Rouse them from such musings with loving and unwavering insistence. Don’t allow them to spend too much time alone, but arrange for suitable companions to be with them, or take them to visit friends. Be especially careful not to let them be idle, but press or entice them into some pleasant activity that may entail physical as well as mental action (160).
It is also useful if you can engage them in providing comfort to others who are worse off than they. This will convince them that their own case is not unique, and they will actually be encouraging themselves as they encourage others. In my own personal experience, a primary way to resolve my own doubts about the state of my soul was through frequently comforting others that had the same doubts, and whose lives persuaded me of their sincerity (161-162).
If you will bear with one final quote, this bit of counsel moved me to worship, and I pray it blesses you too:
Set your thoughts on the things you know to be right and good: don’t focus on yourself and your own heart. Even the best may find within much to trouble them. As turning millstones only wear themselves down in the absence of grain to grind, so do the thoughts of the depressed when they think only of the troubles of their UIKEYINPUTDOWNARROWown hearts. To the degree that you can, direct your thoughts toward these four matters:
A. The infinite goodness of God, who is more full of love than is the sun of light;
B. The immeasurable love of Christ in redeeming mankind, and the sufficiency of his sacrifice and merits;
C. The free covenant and offer of grace, which give pardon and life to all who neither prefer sin nor obstinately refuse them to the end;
D. The inconceivable glory and joy that all the blessed have with Christ, and that God has promised with his oath and seal to everyone who consents to the covenant of grace and are willing to be saved and ruled by Christ (155).
In conclusion, Depression, Anxiety, and the Christian Life does an excellent job of introducing contemporary readers to a Puritan writer I would like to know better. It is not an easy read, even with the updated language, but it is an edifying one. The holistic approach to mental illness, combining medical therapy, pastoral counsel, and partnership with the patient’s community, presents a demanding but well-reasoned philosophy of care. I commend this book to mental health professionals and pastoral counselors. As a complete non-professional who has experienced depression and anxiety and has many friends in the throes of these afflictions, I found it instructive, hopeful, realistic, and God-exalting.
November 12, 2018
J.I. Packer and Michael S Lundy have come together in this new book to reprint and update several of Richard Baxter's essays on depression aka MELANCHOLY.
I don't know that I'd go so far as to say it is an annotated publication of Baxter's sermons. But they certainly go a long way towards making Baxter more accessible to modern readers. Commentary is provided to a certain degree in the foot-notes. Each author provides a chapter on Baxter as an introduction and to set the context for what follows.
For example, Packer's introductory chapter states that,
This will not only help readers place the essays or sermons in this book into context but moving beyond this book to his others as well. (I, for one, DO want to read Baxter now.)
Lundy's introductory chapter points out that Baxter was both a minister AND a physician. "Baxter wrote about the care of the soul and the care of the body as if they were indivisible if not indistinguishable components of the same person."
So. Are Baxter's sermons accessible? Are they relevant? To the first I answer yes. They've done a good job. As to the second question, I'm still thinking. The book does provide food for thought. Which is a good sign--almost always. In this case it's in a good way. I can confidently say that some big-picture ideas, some principles or themes, can be taken away from reading Baxter. The modern reader can benefit. How much they benefit will vary from reader to reader. But I can't honestly say that it works down to the little details flawlessly.
Baxter surprised me in a good way.
The following pages are a joint effort intended as a “threefold cord,” as it were. James Packer, a pastor-teacher, and Michael Lundy, a physician-psychiatrist, were drawn together by a shared admiration for Richard Baxter (1615–1691), a classic Puritan writer on the Christian life, perhaps best known for his work The Reformed Pastor. The plan of this volume, following our introductory chapters, is to reproduce two addresses by Richard Baxter, as well as a shorter essay in the appendix, and to indicate how his wisdom may be brought into the twenty-first century to become a resource for ministry today.
Chapter 3, “Advice to Depressed and Anxious Christians,” offers an edited and updated version of Baxter’s “Directions to the Melancholy about Their Thoughts,” in his Christian Directory. Chapter 4, “The Resolution of Depression and Overwhelming Grief through Faith,” edits and updates Baxter’s “The Cure of Melancholy and Overmuch Sorrow, by Faith.” The appendix does the same for Baxter’s “The Duty of Physicians,” also in A Christian Directory.
I don't know that I'd go so far as to say it is an annotated publication of Baxter's sermons. But they certainly go a long way towards making Baxter more accessible to modern readers. Commentary is provided to a certain degree in the foot-notes. Each author provides a chapter on Baxter as an introduction and to set the context for what follows.
For example, Packer's introductory chapter states that,
"Three basic perspectives pervade all of Baxter’s practical writings, each a guideline toward spiritual well-being as he understood it. The first is the primacy of the intellect. All truth, so he says repeatedly, enters the soul via understanding. All motivation begins in the mind as one contemplates the realities and possibilities that draw forth affection and desire; all fellowship with Christ the Mediator also begins in the mind, with knowledge of his undying love and present risen life; all obedience begins in the mind, with recognition of revelation concerning his purpose and will. Calls to consider—to think, that is, and so get God’s truth clear first in one’s head and then in one’s heart—are accordingly basic to Baxter’s instruction. The second perspective is the unity of human life before the Lord. God made us to fulfill simultaneously two great commandments: to love God himself in his triune being, and to love our neighbor as we love ourselves. The third perspective is the centrality of eternity. Heaven and hell are realities, and the greatness of the human soul consists partly, at least, in the fact that we will never cease to be, but must inhabit one or the other of these destinations forever.
This will not only help readers place the essays or sermons in this book into context but moving beyond this book to his others as well. (I, for one, DO want to read Baxter now.)
Lundy's introductory chapter points out that Baxter was both a minister AND a physician. "Baxter wrote about the care of the soul and the care of the body as if they were indivisible if not indistinguishable components of the same person."
So. Are Baxter's sermons accessible? Are they relevant? To the first I answer yes. They've done a good job. As to the second question, I'm still thinking. The book does provide food for thought. Which is a good sign--almost always. In this case it's in a good way. I can confidently say that some big-picture ideas, some principles or themes, can be taken away from reading Baxter. The modern reader can benefit. How much they benefit will vary from reader to reader. But I can't honestly say that it works down to the little details flawlessly.
Baxter surprised me in a good way.
January 9, 2021
The topic of depression and anxiety isn’t something the church has always gotten right. When dealing with depression/anxiety, we typically find two camps in the church:
1. Scripture and prayer is all the remedy you need. Some say the depressed/anxious are in the state they are in due to a lack of trust in the Lord. Medication is frowned upon, as well as therapy.
2. Scripture has no part in dealing with depression. Some have been so beaten over the head with scripture and “godly encouragement” they have incurred damage, both mentally and spiritually, and now feel that only secular medicine, therapy, etc can aid.
However, Baxter’s writings encourage share a healthier balance. Baxter doesn’t shy away from the fact that as Christians, we NEED Scripture, the gospel, prayer, fellowship, and godly encouragement to help with depression/anxiety. But we also have, as God graciously gives, therapy, doctors, medication, exercise and diet, etc to aid as well.
The book was off to a slower start with a 70 page intro on Richard Baxter by Packer and Lundy, but quickly became a well of encouragement and comfort until the final page with all of Baxter’s writings and Lundy’s annotations. Having been written in the 1600’s, Baxter’s understanding of the mind of the depressed/anxious is astounding. I recommend this book as a resource to those struggling with mental illness and especially for those walking through it with a loved one for better understanding on how to encourage and come alongside in a way that brings healing.
1. Scripture and prayer is all the remedy you need. Some say the depressed/anxious are in the state they are in due to a lack of trust in the Lord. Medication is frowned upon, as well as therapy.
2. Scripture has no part in dealing with depression. Some have been so beaten over the head with scripture and “godly encouragement” they have incurred damage, both mentally and spiritually, and now feel that only secular medicine, therapy, etc can aid.
However, Baxter’s writings encourage share a healthier balance. Baxter doesn’t shy away from the fact that as Christians, we NEED Scripture, the gospel, prayer, fellowship, and godly encouragement to help with depression/anxiety. But we also have, as God graciously gives, therapy, doctors, medication, exercise and diet, etc to aid as well.
The book was off to a slower start with a 70 page intro on Richard Baxter by Packer and Lundy, but quickly became a well of encouragement and comfort until the final page with all of Baxter’s writings and Lundy’s annotations. Having been written in the 1600’s, Baxter’s understanding of the mind of the depressed/anxious is astounding. I recommend this book as a resource to those struggling with mental illness and especially for those walking through it with a loved one for better understanding on how to encourage and come alongside in a way that brings healing.
August 13, 2018
I was surprised at how much I both enjoyed and didn't enjoy this book. What I did enjoy was the updated version of Richard Baxter's essays on "melancholy" (depression) and his very practical and theologically sound advice. His understanding of this what is often understood as a "modern disease" centuries ago is profound.
What I didn't enjoy was the preamble from Packer and Lundy. While some introduction would have been good, it was a little repetitive, monotonous and lengthy.
What I didn't enjoy was the preamble from Packer and Lundy. While some introduction would have been good, it was a little repetitive, monotonous and lengthy.
October 11, 2023
Depression, Anxiety, and the Christian Life by Richard Baxter, Michael Lundy, J.I. Parker
Summary: This book is an update of Richard Baxter’s The Cure for Melancholy and Overmuch Sorrow by Faith. The book has an introduction by J.I. Packer, where he gives a summary of Richard Baxter's life and ministry. From there Dr. Lundy takes over. He provides a chapter providing context and commentary on Baxter’s approach to depression and anxiety, as well as some comments on Baxter’s (somewhat dated) scientific view of the body and the mind. The centerpiece of the book is an updated edition of Baxter’s The Cure for Melancholy and Overmuch Sorrow by Faith. Dr. Lundy keeps all of Baxter’s main ideas but updates the language and makes minor clarifications in places. Baxter defines what he means by over much sorrow, gives some reasons why people may have over much sorrow, and then lays out his approach for treating sorrow. As a theologian and pastor his main audience are Christians and Christian ministers who are counseling and discipling people with depression and anxiety. In what may be a surprise to modern readers, Baxter has a very nuanced view of depression. He recognizes that there may be one-time events that lead to acute depression and anxiety (e.g., loss of a loved one). He recognizes that long-term suffering can lead to long-term depression (e.g., chronic illness). He recognizes that depression and anxiety can come from unrepentant sin (e.g., the Spirit’s conviction of that sin). He recognizes that depression and anxiety can come from theological confusion or theological error (e.g., lack of assurance). And he also recognizes that there can be physical causes of depression (e.g., chemical imbalance et cetera). Thus, in Baxter’s view depression and anxiety can have a physical component as well as a spiritual, mental, and intellectual components. There is none of reductionist “only physical” or “only spiritual” takes you see these days. As such his treatments vary depending on the nature of the depression and anxiety. One key take away is that the sufferer is responsible for pursuing faithfulness to Christ in the middle of that depression (not to be confused with them being responsible for their depression). He offers several practical helps: truths on which they can meditate, advice to stay active, being with and around other people, and putting themselves in the care of a skilled physician. It is worth noting that the original “The Cure for Melancholy…” refers to the “four humors” approach to the body that was state-of-the-art medicine during Baxter's time. Dr. Lundy lightens this language, while keeping the original intent (a recognition that the body impacts the mind).
Recommendation: I would recommend this book to anyone who wants to think more deeply about mental health and the Christian walk. It is especially relevant to those who suffer from depression and anxiety or counsel those who suffer. Many of the ideas apply broadly to discipleship and counseling situations, even if the disciple does not have anxiety in the clinical, mental health sense. I would highly recommend Baxter’s portion of the look. Packer’s introduction is fine but unnecessary. Similarly, Dr. Lundy's introduction is helpful for those who have thought about depression in this way. However, there is not much there that you won't get from a careful, discerning reading of Baxter directly.
My Personal Highlights: Baxter's treatise is one of my all-time favorite Christian works. His insight and nuance into the inner workings of mind and body, theology and sin are relevant to this day. He recognizes the weakness of mental illness (even its potentially physical causes) while still maintaining individual responsibility to pursue faith in Christ. He recognizes the need of skilled ministers and counselors to help people who suffer from depression, while recognizing that such ministry is a long term and difficult thing to do. He also recognizes that while we should pursue alleviation of depression and anxiety symptoms in the sufferer, even more important is that they would be faithful in their suffering. “He that goeth fearing and trembling to heaven, will there quickly be past all fear, and doubts, and heaviness, forever.”
Summary: This book is an update of Richard Baxter’s The Cure for Melancholy and Overmuch Sorrow by Faith. The book has an introduction by J.I. Packer, where he gives a summary of Richard Baxter's life and ministry. From there Dr. Lundy takes over. He provides a chapter providing context and commentary on Baxter’s approach to depression and anxiety, as well as some comments on Baxter’s (somewhat dated) scientific view of the body and the mind. The centerpiece of the book is an updated edition of Baxter’s The Cure for Melancholy and Overmuch Sorrow by Faith. Dr. Lundy keeps all of Baxter’s main ideas but updates the language and makes minor clarifications in places. Baxter defines what he means by over much sorrow, gives some reasons why people may have over much sorrow, and then lays out his approach for treating sorrow. As a theologian and pastor his main audience are Christians and Christian ministers who are counseling and discipling people with depression and anxiety. In what may be a surprise to modern readers, Baxter has a very nuanced view of depression. He recognizes that there may be one-time events that lead to acute depression and anxiety (e.g., loss of a loved one). He recognizes that long-term suffering can lead to long-term depression (e.g., chronic illness). He recognizes that depression and anxiety can come from unrepentant sin (e.g., the Spirit’s conviction of that sin). He recognizes that depression and anxiety can come from theological confusion or theological error (e.g., lack of assurance). And he also recognizes that there can be physical causes of depression (e.g., chemical imbalance et cetera). Thus, in Baxter’s view depression and anxiety can have a physical component as well as a spiritual, mental, and intellectual components. There is none of reductionist “only physical” or “only spiritual” takes you see these days. As such his treatments vary depending on the nature of the depression and anxiety. One key take away is that the sufferer is responsible for pursuing faithfulness to Christ in the middle of that depression (not to be confused with them being responsible for their depression). He offers several practical helps: truths on which they can meditate, advice to stay active, being with and around other people, and putting themselves in the care of a skilled physician. It is worth noting that the original “The Cure for Melancholy…” refers to the “four humors” approach to the body that was state-of-the-art medicine during Baxter's time. Dr. Lundy lightens this language, while keeping the original intent (a recognition that the body impacts the mind).
Recommendation: I would recommend this book to anyone who wants to think more deeply about mental health and the Christian walk. It is especially relevant to those who suffer from depression and anxiety or counsel those who suffer. Many of the ideas apply broadly to discipleship and counseling situations, even if the disciple does not have anxiety in the clinical, mental health sense. I would highly recommend Baxter’s portion of the look. Packer’s introduction is fine but unnecessary. Similarly, Dr. Lundy's introduction is helpful for those who have thought about depression in this way. However, there is not much there that you won't get from a careful, discerning reading of Baxter directly.
My Personal Highlights: Baxter's treatise is one of my all-time favorite Christian works. His insight and nuance into the inner workings of mind and body, theology and sin are relevant to this day. He recognizes the weakness of mental illness (even its potentially physical causes) while still maintaining individual responsibility to pursue faith in Christ. He recognizes the need of skilled ministers and counselors to help people who suffer from depression, while recognizing that such ministry is a long term and difficult thing to do. He also recognizes that while we should pursue alleviation of depression and anxiety symptoms in the sufferer, even more important is that they would be faithful in their suffering. “He that goeth fearing and trembling to heaven, will there quickly be past all fear, and doubts, and heaviness, forever.”
August 17, 2018
So what does a 17th century pastor have to teach Christians about depression and anxiety? Quite a bit, it turns out.
Richard Baxter was a Puritan pastor and writer who lived in England, and was particularly concerned about depression in the lives of believers. I was familiar with some of his writing that was more devotional in genre, so I expected this book to be primarily one of encouragement. While it is, it is also a deeper look into Baxter’s theology, understanding of both physiology (such as it was in his time) and psychology. Baxter, much like a growing segment of the medical community today, believed the physical, emotional and spiritual components of people were so linked, all three must be tended to for overall well-being of a patient. In this book, theologian J.I Packer partners with physician/psychiatrist Michael S. Lundy to look at some of Baxter’s classic work on the topic.
The first section of the book is by J.I. Packer, who introduces us to Baxter the pastor, and gives a brief biography of his life and theology. The second section is by Dr. Lundy, who looks at Baxter’s work through the lens of a physician. This second section had me looking up medical terms and re-reading sections, this is where the book fell into the not-what-I-expected category. It was helpful to read some of the medical practices and principles from Baxter’s day before reading the section by Baxter, as were the insights by both Packer and Lundy into what they described as Baxter being “a man of his time”. Obviously, medical knowledge in Baxter’s day was limited in comparison to the knowledge we have today, but there were some surprisingly accurate insights as well.
The remainder of the book is from Baxter’s writing. He writes to the patient, to the friends/loved ones of the patient, and in the books appendix, to physicians of his day as to their approach to their patients. As a pastor, the spiritual state of the person is paramount, but his compassion for the limitations emotionally and perhaps mentally of someone suffering is really touching, and practical.
This isn’t devotional reading, and Baxter was fond of lists-of symptoms to identify, of causes of infirmity, and of advice for the afflicted and those who care for them. Like a lot of lists. Helpful here is the many annotations by Dr. Lundy, worth reading for context and application.
I most loved the pastor’s heart, who cares more for the healing of the person than the practices of the faith. He assumes, of course that a person is continuing (or encouraged to be) in fellowship, prayer, and worship services. But he doesn’t see these as the cure-all for the person. Usually, with the depressed and anxious we counsel to press in, immerse yourself in spiritual disciplines, to memorize scripture like Isaiah 26:3. Baxter counsels a rest of deep and challenging thought and solitary prayer. Instead he counsel short confessional and praise prayers, and time in prayer out loud with others. Instead of wrestling with difficult thoughts he suggests light exercise and the reading of light historical fiction. Right away I wanted to know what light historical fiction they were reading in 1650!
This book would be especially helpful for anyone who counsels, or in pastoral ministry. Baxter’s positions on the overall well-being of a person, not just the spiritual is often what is lacking in the church. To have Baxter’s broad view would help many, especially those who think their depression or anxiety is sin related or a lack of faith.
While not what I expected, this is a book I will return to again, there were many practical directives as well as many consoling truths.
***thank you to Crossway for providing threeladiesoflit.com a copy for review
Richard Baxter was a Puritan pastor and writer who lived in England, and was particularly concerned about depression in the lives of believers. I was familiar with some of his writing that was more devotional in genre, so I expected this book to be primarily one of encouragement. While it is, it is also a deeper look into Baxter’s theology, understanding of both physiology (such as it was in his time) and psychology. Baxter, much like a growing segment of the medical community today, believed the physical, emotional and spiritual components of people were so linked, all three must be tended to for overall well-being of a patient. In this book, theologian J.I Packer partners with physician/psychiatrist Michael S. Lundy to look at some of Baxter’s classic work on the topic.
The first section of the book is by J.I. Packer, who introduces us to Baxter the pastor, and gives a brief biography of his life and theology. The second section is by Dr. Lundy, who looks at Baxter’s work through the lens of a physician. This second section had me looking up medical terms and re-reading sections, this is where the book fell into the not-what-I-expected category. It was helpful to read some of the medical practices and principles from Baxter’s day before reading the section by Baxter, as were the insights by both Packer and Lundy into what they described as Baxter being “a man of his time”. Obviously, medical knowledge in Baxter’s day was limited in comparison to the knowledge we have today, but there were some surprisingly accurate insights as well.
The remainder of the book is from Baxter’s writing. He writes to the patient, to the friends/loved ones of the patient, and in the books appendix, to physicians of his day as to their approach to their patients. As a pastor, the spiritual state of the person is paramount, but his compassion for the limitations emotionally and perhaps mentally of someone suffering is really touching, and practical.
This isn’t devotional reading, and Baxter was fond of lists-of symptoms to identify, of causes of infirmity, and of advice for the afflicted and those who care for them. Like a lot of lists. Helpful here is the many annotations by Dr. Lundy, worth reading for context and application.
I most loved the pastor’s heart, who cares more for the healing of the person than the practices of the faith. He assumes, of course that a person is continuing (or encouraged to be) in fellowship, prayer, and worship services. But he doesn’t see these as the cure-all for the person. Usually, with the depressed and anxious we counsel to press in, immerse yourself in spiritual disciplines, to memorize scripture like Isaiah 26:3. Baxter counsels a rest of deep and challenging thought and solitary prayer. Instead he counsel short confessional and praise prayers, and time in prayer out loud with others. Instead of wrestling with difficult thoughts he suggests light exercise and the reading of light historical fiction. Right away I wanted to know what light historical fiction they were reading in 1650!
This book would be especially helpful for anyone who counsels, or in pastoral ministry. Baxter’s positions on the overall well-being of a person, not just the spiritual is often what is lacking in the church. To have Baxter’s broad view would help many, especially those who think their depression or anxiety is sin related or a lack of faith.
While not what I expected, this is a book I will return to again, there were many practical directives as well as many consoling truths.
***thank you to Crossway for providing threeladiesoflit.com a copy for review
September 21, 2018
This short book on two critical issues, depression and anxiety, provides some interesting insight from a man who lived in the 1600's. Baxter is most known for his A Christian Directory, a classic and huge practical theology. I've always appreciated much of what Baxter has written, having read sections of the infamous Directory. Indeed, Baxter's strength was similar to many Puritan writers, in that, he had an incredible ability to break every issue and point down in to very small details. He was very observant of humanity and issues of the heart. This book provides the reader a look at such detail. There was much to like about this book. I didn't care for one of the editor's comments in the second chapter as it seemed to detract from the content of what Baxter wrote. The one editor (Dr. Lundy) seemed far too comfortable with speaking of some psychiatric labels as diseases when in fact, there is no proof. The confusion revolves around whether the mind and the brain are the same and whether the mind can have a disease. If I understand what he wrote in his preface chapter (which was way too long by the way), Lundy is much more comfortable with the idea of mind diseases than I am. As such, he confuses the brain with the mind. Or so it appears. Baxter seems to land closer to Lundy (and modern psychiatry and the medical world) than where I am at, yet his counsel directed towards those who are depressed seems more so aimed at non-medicinal treatments for such. Baxter is somewhat confusing to me, but I don't want to miss the finer points that he provides about the mind, the heart, the soul, the conscience, the inner man. Baxter, having lived well before modern medicine, does bring his own medical expertise to the discussion, and though some of it is very insightful, some of it is obviously tainted by the philosophies of medicine of that time period. Some of what he writes, we, in our advanced technological era would chuckle at (speaking of humors, blood coloration, etc., as it relates to melancholia), while other things he writes demonstrates a very solid understanding of the human struggle in the soul.
I found the Appendix, which was an exhortation to medical personnel, to be excellent. This book is not one of those books that I would say, "You really need to read this book." Yet, I would say that it does provide some pratical thoughts on many of the elements of depression and anxiety.
I found the Appendix, which was an exhortation to medical personnel, to be excellent. This book is not one of those books that I would say, "You really need to read this book." Yet, I would say that it does provide some pratical thoughts on many of the elements of depression and anxiety.
November 13, 2019
As someone who struggles with anxiety, I am always on the lookout for a solid Christian resource on the topic. Unfortunately, most are doctrinally-light self help books (which are actually quite unhelpful) rather than theologically hard-hitting reminders of the gospel. Studying sound theology has been one of the only things that helps with anxiety for me—getting my mind off of myself and focusing on the nature of God instead. I picked up Depression, Anxiety, and the Christian Life as I really appreciated JI Packer’s book Knowing God and noticed his name on the cover.
Depression, Anxiety, and the Christian Life contains two chapters from Puritan pastor Richard Baxter’s works on what they called “melancholy” at the time. Theologian JI Packer and psychiatrist Michael Lundy offer commentary on Baxter’s life and writings, emphasizing that his advice on depression and anxiety are relevant for today.
Overall, I found Depression, Anxiety, and the Christian Life to in fact offer helpful theology and advice for dealing with these things. I was at times greatly encouraged by his gentle, grace-centered approach and at other times convicted by his insights into human nature. I didn’t fully agree with every minor point he had (albeit sometimes because I struggled a bit to understand his point) and Dr. Lundy makes certain to address some of the faulty medical ideas of the time. That said, Baxter’s understanding of the human mind and emotions felt very modern. The appendix, Baxter’s essay on how doctors should conduct themselves ethically, was also quite good.
I recommend this book for anyone looking for a theological and practical approach to depression and anxiety. I also recommend Running Scared by Ed Welch and Refresh by Shonna & David Murray.
(As a side note: as I’ve started researching and reading works by the Puritans, I’ve learned that our stereotype of them is very wrong! Many of them were not the cold-hearted legalists who hated all forms of joy we portray them to be. Baxter, for example, spends a great deal of time encouraging readers to dwell on the grace of Christ! He even, in a brief comment, recommends reading fiction as a way to change one’s mental channel. Baxter devotes quite a bit of energy to dispelling faulty notions that suffering is always punishment for sin. His work was very gospel-centric.)
Depression, Anxiety, and the Christian Life contains two chapters from Puritan pastor Richard Baxter’s works on what they called “melancholy” at the time. Theologian JI Packer and psychiatrist Michael Lundy offer commentary on Baxter’s life and writings, emphasizing that his advice on depression and anxiety are relevant for today.
Overall, I found Depression, Anxiety, and the Christian Life to in fact offer helpful theology and advice for dealing with these things. I was at times greatly encouraged by his gentle, grace-centered approach and at other times convicted by his insights into human nature. I didn’t fully agree with every minor point he had (albeit sometimes because I struggled a bit to understand his point) and Dr. Lundy makes certain to address some of the faulty medical ideas of the time. That said, Baxter’s understanding of the human mind and emotions felt very modern. The appendix, Baxter’s essay on how doctors should conduct themselves ethically, was also quite good.
I recommend this book for anyone looking for a theological and practical approach to depression and anxiety. I also recommend Running Scared by Ed Welch and Refresh by Shonna & David Murray.
(As a side note: as I’ve started researching and reading works by the Puritans, I’ve learned that our stereotype of them is very wrong! Many of them were not the cold-hearted legalists who hated all forms of joy we portray them to be. Baxter, for example, spends a great deal of time encouraging readers to dwell on the grace of Christ! He even, in a brief comment, recommends reading fiction as a way to change one’s mental channel. Baxter devotes quite a bit of energy to dispelling faulty notions that suffering is always punishment for sin. His work was very gospel-centric.)
September 23, 2021
Packer's introduction is brief and a little bland, and unfortunately fails to mention the major concerns that many have within the reformed tradition have with Richard Baxter, particularly in relation to justification and sanctification. A caution here would help the reader greatly in being able to read Baxter with discernment for where those errors infiltrate his writings.
The second introduction by Lundy is far too long, with little that is useful. There was also a very odd section where Lundy claims, with scant evidence, that Baxter adapts a stoic moral philosophy alongside a biblical worldview.
As for the main body of the text, it consists of two writings by Baxter, 'Advice to depressed and anxious Christians', and 'The resolution of depression and overwhelming grief through faith'. In these there is much practical wisdom, and much biblical wisdom, with the occasional sentence or two that made me think 'yikes' or 'I maybe wouldn't put it quite like that'. My guess is that is partly due to my experiences of mental health conditions, my natural temperament, the chasm in time between baxter and myself (with the advance of medical understanding that has brought), and occasionally the false doctrine of baxter slipping in to his counsel. That said, there really is lots of good here, particularly in 'Advice to depressed and anxious Christians'.
The book finishes with Baxters advice to doctors. I could imagine this section serving as a helpful reminder to Christian doctors.
A couple of things I found particularly helpful:
- Baxter describes depression in a way that shows he had a real understanding of the mental state of the depressed
- Baxter says some simple and practical things, like 'go and see your doctor', 'do things to distract your mind', 'don't spend too much time alone', and doesn't treat them as an 'unspiritual' way to deal with depression
- Baxter doesn't try to burden those with depression with hours of bible reading, long prayers etc. He advises short prayers, when you are able, and praying with others.
- while Baxter does not claim that mental health conditions like depression are purely spiritual, he nonetheless argues that there is often a spiritual component to them, which it is to our detriment to ignore. This is a helpful reminder to people in our time who can easily view mental health conditions as if there is no possibility of a spiritual component to them, whether that be attack of Satan, discipline from the Lord, or any number of other factors.
Overall, I would read Packer's intro, ignore Lundy, read chapter 3 and probably leave it there.
A book with some useful counsel and some (mostly) useless introductions.
The second introduction by Lundy is far too long, with little that is useful. There was also a very odd section where Lundy claims, with scant evidence, that Baxter adapts a stoic moral philosophy alongside a biblical worldview.
As for the main body of the text, it consists of two writings by Baxter, 'Advice to depressed and anxious Christians', and 'The resolution of depression and overwhelming grief through faith'. In these there is much practical wisdom, and much biblical wisdom, with the occasional sentence or two that made me think 'yikes' or 'I maybe wouldn't put it quite like that'. My guess is that is partly due to my experiences of mental health conditions, my natural temperament, the chasm in time between baxter and myself (with the advance of medical understanding that has brought), and occasionally the false doctrine of baxter slipping in to his counsel. That said, there really is lots of good here, particularly in 'Advice to depressed and anxious Christians'.
The book finishes with Baxters advice to doctors. I could imagine this section serving as a helpful reminder to Christian doctors.
A couple of things I found particularly helpful:
- Baxter describes depression in a way that shows he had a real understanding of the mental state of the depressed
- Baxter says some simple and practical things, like 'go and see your doctor', 'do things to distract your mind', 'don't spend too much time alone', and doesn't treat them as an 'unspiritual' way to deal with depression
- Baxter doesn't try to burden those with depression with hours of bible reading, long prayers etc. He advises short prayers, when you are able, and praying with others.
- while Baxter does not claim that mental health conditions like depression are purely spiritual, he nonetheless argues that there is often a spiritual component to them, which it is to our detriment to ignore. This is a helpful reminder to people in our time who can easily view mental health conditions as if there is no possibility of a spiritual component to them, whether that be attack of Satan, discipline from the Lord, or any number of other factors.
Overall, I would read Packer's intro, ignore Lundy, read chapter 3 and probably leave it there.
A book with some useful counsel and some (mostly) useless introductions.
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