Nkomo, a shy, unconfident child grew up to become a focused man, who was full of good intentions. His vision to unite everyone in Zimbabwe comes across very strongly in his words and his determination to bring black majority rule to his homeland, was the centre of his life. I am sure the debate will continue as to whether anyone would have been influential enough to be able to unite all Zimbabweans, given the snake that patiently waited in the grass for the right time to strike, ultimately destroying Nkomo.
His political activities lead to Nkomo being retained in a remote location in a national park close to the Mozambique border. The location described in the book reminded me of a friend’s story, during the country’s transition period, when he accompanied a senior army official by air to the border then walking along a railway track to a group of abandoned huts waiting for a meeting with Samora Machel who never arrived. Nkomo had many visitors for a number of years, but as time went on visitor restrictions were put in place and, later, he was moved to a more secure location.
Nkomo provides a good insight to the constant bickering and discontentment between the different political and guerrilla groups during the war, though the detail as to why the different groups were so far apart and unable to unite is missing. He describes Bishop Muzorewa selection to front the ANC office and is scornful that the Bishop thought he had any support from the people. After reading the Bishop Muzorewa’s autobiography book, I thought the Bishop had been very cleverly manipulated by multiple people who had their own agendas though it appeared, Muzorewa couldn’t see it. Many times the reader was left confused and puzzled as some of the events and it is strange that Muzorewa couldn’t work it out himself that some things were not as they seemed. Nkomo’s book backs this up, though it is still not clear who pulling the strings.
Nkomo writes about the poor conditions his trainee troops faced in Tanzania, the lack of food, badly treated by the Chinese instructors and the terrible deaths that occurred due to constant in-fighting between the trainees. I felt saddened by the terrible loss of life, people were just cannon fodder. I wonder if their families found out what happened to their children. Nkomo did not explain why the Chinese were providing the military training as he did not have any ties to China. Perhaps Nyerere played a role here; Nkomo’s relationship with Nyerere was sometimes strained.
Nkomo spent his time travelling the world, seeking international support and he describes the responses he received from various countries. In the end, Russia provided a lot of support, though it took a long time and Cuban support. I read in another book written by an influential Russian, that the Russians did not hold Nkomo in high regard, contributing to the lengthy time before any support was forthcoming. Nkomo’s army was well disciplined and well organised, a force to be reckoned with, whereas Mugabe’s forces were more political, reaching out to the urban areas.
Many peace talks with the Smith regime were arranged and failed leading to the Zambia Summit where the President of Zambia, Kaunda managed to influence Margret Thatcher, not to recognise Muzowera’s leadership of Zimbabwe Rhodesia, thus ultimately leading to the Lancaster House agreements. During those talks, Nkomo prepared an invasion force. Russia increased training and provided military aircraft as ZIPRA geared itself up to move towards a full scale conflict. Nkomo says that it was all secretly done, however, the British knew about it and they also understood the vital importance of getting agreement regardless of what it was, in as short a time as possible. This explains why the Lancaster House agreements fell desperately short of a suitable agreed constitution, failed to remove the oppressive laws that had been put in place as a result of the war and completely ignored resolving the land issue. Lord Carrington was under great pressure to get a solution, otherwise the escalation of the war with the additional Russian armoury could have been a complete disaster. Nkomo says himself that the signed agreement wasn’t satisfactory.
Three months later, Zimbabwe elections were held, despite repeated reports of intimadation. Nkomo's account is as I remember it, along with other stories I had heard of Portuguese speaking people centering the country and causing trouble. Nkomo voices his doubts on free and fair elections which were ignored (as did the Smith regime) supported by Nyerere's voice, until he was visited by Mugabe. Prior to the results announcement, Mugabe said that he had won 56 seats, infact he won 55 seats. The paper votes were flown to Britain and then burned. There is no historical evidence of the vote numbers. In the future, I am sure historians will want to understand this in more detail - as the process is suspicious and I have had personal accounts that some of the ballot boxes were empty. Without the evidence it will never be known.
The book provides a good insight to the “Father Zimbabwe” as he is known. Nkomo's complete passion for black majority rule enable him to drive through his messages to get the support he needed, despite the time it took and at times it must have been very difficult to keep moving through all the constant setbacks. I am not convinced he made the right decisions at the right time impacting his ability to be able to influence and gain the absolute support he was looking for. The shooting down of two civilian Viscount aircraft must have impacted international political opinion, even though there was an international “deafening silence”. Nkomo explains that he was asked in an interview he was asked what weapon was used to shoot the aircraft out of the sky and he said they threw stones, laughing at the time as he did not want to reveal what weapon they had. This only served to increase the public outrage against the event. His denial survivors were murdered increased the rage felt by those who were terrified that he would come to power as this represented who they would have to work with in the future. Public perception is very important and these events I have no doubt damaged him considerably, which is sad given his apparent passion for a unified country.
Very informative book, and not difficult to read. A great influential leader. Who knows perhaps, things would have been different if he had come to power.