Bridges shouldn’t fall.
But on August 7, 2007 the bridge on I-35W over the Mississippi River in Minneapolis collapsed. It was rush hour and a traffic jam, and all those cars on the bridge fell into the river. 145 people were injured – and 13 people were killed.
The author – Kimberly Brown – was a passenger in a car on the bridge when it collapsed. Their car fell a hundred feet, but was prevented from falling into the river because it landed on part of the fallen bridge. Both Kimberly and the driver were able to climb out of the car and to safety. Kimberly had no obvious injuries (except being covered in glass shards). And in the weeks, months and years to come, spinal damage became apparent, and Kimberly also developed PTSD from the trauma of the fall. Not only could she not cross bridges, but she couldn’t go into parking ramps, airplanes, or elevators without issues. Per Kimberly, the PTSD was sometimes worse than the physical damage to her body.
In her pursuit towards healing, Kimberly took multiple steps and pursued multiple therapies (including some more unusual therapies like cupping and EMDR). She started attending meetings with other survivors. And she started doing research into the bridge and why it fell. She put her notes from the research into a letter and sent it to every Minnesota state senator and congressperson. In effect, she became an advocate and spokesperson for the survivors.
So what did Kimberly find out? Well, she found out that multiple annual inspections had found problems with the bridge. The same issues (such as missing bolts and rotated bearing blocks) were noted year after year after year. One or more gusset plates that held up the trusses were bending. But none of this was repaired. The federal law says that the bridges have to be inspected - but they don't have to be repaired.
The findings of the NTSB (National Transportation Safety Board) were that the cause of the bridge collapse was faulty design. The gusset plates were insufficiently designed. But Kimberly's research makes a good case for lack of maintenance being part of the cause also. Forensic firms hired by lawyers representing the victims came to the same conclusion.
I'll end this review with this excerpt from the book, which I don't think I will ever forget:
Thirteen fracture critical bridge inspections traced the decay of the 35W Bridge – from 1994 to 2006.
Thirteen years of broken bolts.
Thirteen seconds for the bridge to fall.
Thirteen killed.
“Remember the Thirteen.”