I read this short story after a long time. The story is as beautiful as I found it on my first reading. However, this time I noticed something important that I missed before– the theme of 'same-sex love' – quite a fete in England of the times, even if it is subtly dealt with. This story has been written before Wilde's other significant and longer works such as 'The Picture of Dorian Grey', his brilliant plays and 'De Profundis.' Clearly, he is struggling to put across in his ingenious style what is so close to his heart so that the Victorian sensibilities could be altered for the better. Of course, later on in his work, Wilde has taken bigger risks that eventually cost him his life. In this story, however, he is subtle. He camouflaged his theme from the city officials and revealed something of 'love that cannot be named' to those it matters.
The Happy Prince is a statue of the King with human attributes. It stands in the centre of the city. The Prince helps, by giving away his limbs– one by one– the destitute in his Kingdom. He wants everyone to be happy in his kingdom. A migratory birds helps the Prince.
For no logical reason, I think of birds as only having a female gender. The story clearly states that the Bird is male. (This is the point when the idea of same-sex love strikes, since one still remembers the terrible court trial of Oscar Wilde.) Wilde could easily have omitted this detail, but it is central to the story's theme. First, it is the bird's need that brings him to the statue. Later, a series of events makes him see how noble and kind the Prince is. Both the bird and the statue are not a part of the life around them in any significant way– however, both contribute silently to society. For instance, the bird is somehow left behind or is ignored by other birds; while he throughout shows the urgency to join the birds, but they are nowhere to be seen. Likewise, the prince is half alive, half dead; he can live, feel and see, but he can hardly move. He lives on the margins though he is placed in the middle of the city. One can go eternally to look into these two entities and draw parallels to what life must be like for homosexuals in a society that resolutely polices and tames 'certain kinds of love.'
Toward the end, we see the indifferent officials roaming around in the city. Since the golden limbs of the Happy Prince are gone and it no longer looks beautiful, the city officials casually give order to remove it from the city-square. Towards the end, Wilde makes sure that these two loving souls should, at least, unite in death. The bird, for instance, kisses the prince just before dying and soon after their bodies become on in death.