This analysis of of the transformation of political thought in 19th century Japan examines the transmission to Japan of key concepts - liberty, rights, sovereignty, and society from Western Europe and the US. The Japanese had to invent terminology to engage Western political thought.
Douglas Howland is the David D. Buck Professor of Chinese History at the University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee.
His research interests include westernization in East Asia; international law and state sovereignty in China and Japan; liberalism and popular sovereignty in the 19th century.
His work has received funding from the Charlotte W. Newcombe Foundation.