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Correspondance: 1942-1982

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La correspondance publiée ici, pour la première fois, s'ouvre par des contrepèteries et se referme sur la couleur des voyelles. Elle entrecroise sur presque un demi-siècle le fil de deux vies dans la trame d'une amitié savante qui ne s'interrompra qu'avec la mort. Il y est question de poésie et de mathématiques, de champignons et d'épopées médiévales, autant que de langues et de mythes. Car, loin de l'image dont on les a parfois affublés, le linguiste Roman Jakobson (1896-1982) et l'anthropologue Claude Lévi-Strauss (1908-2009), ces deux grands sphinx des sciences sociales du xxe siècle, furent, plus que d'autres, des médiateurs entre l'abstraction de la science et l'expérience sensible. La théorie et la volupté se conjoignent dans leurs œuvres respectives autant que dans leur rencontre. Dans l'éloge qu'il fera de Lévi-Strauss, Jakobson insistera sur un point : il faut concilier le sens de la variation et la recherche des invariants, ne pas opposer la passion pour le singulier, le différent, l'unique, et le souci des formes universelles – bref la science et l'expérience, le concept et la sensation, la vérité et la vie. Il attribue à son ami la solution : faire de ces fameuses structures invariantes rien d'autre que des matrices de variation. Nous n'avons rien en commun sinon ce qui nous fait différer les uns des autres ! Et cela, non seulement au sein de l'humanité, mais jusque dans l'immense concert de la diversité biologique et cosmique. Saisir sa place dans ce jeu de variations, c'est se comprendre soi-même – et telle est la tâche la plus haute des sciences humaines, pour laquelle témoigne cette correspondance inédite. Emmanuelle Loyer et Patrice Maniglier

448 pages, Paperback

Published May 24, 2018

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About the author

Roman Jakobson

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Roman Osipovich Jakobson was a Russian linguist, formalist, and literary theorist.

As a pioneer of the structural analysis of language, which became the dominant trend of twentieth-century linguistics, Jakobson was among the most influential linguists of the century. Influenced by the work of Ferdinand de Saussure, Jakobson developed, with Nikolai Trubetzkoy, techniques for the analysis of sound systems in languages, inaugurating the discipline of phonology. He went on to apply the same techniques of analysis to syntax and morphology, and controversially proposed that they be extended to semantics (the study of meaning in language). He made numerous contributions to Slavic linguistics, most notably two studies of Russian case and an analysis of the categories of the Russian verb. Drawing on insights from Charles Sanders Peirce's semiotics, as well as from communication theory and cybernetics, he proposed methods for the investigation of poetry, music, the visual arts, and cinema.

Through his decisive influence on Claude Lévi-Strauss and Roland Barthes, among others, Jakobson became a pivotal figure in the adaptation of structural analysis to disciplines beyond linguistics, including anthropology and literary theory; this generalization of Saussurean methods, known as "structuralism," became a major post-war intellectual movement in Europe and the United States. Meanwhile, though the influence of structuralism declined during the 1970s, Jakobson's work has continued to receive attention in linguistic anthropology, especially through the semiotics of culture developed by his former student Michael Silverstein.

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