Passcode to the Third Floor: An Insider’s Account of Life Among North Korea’s Political Elite is the gripping memoir of politician Thae Yong-ho. A former North Korean diplomat, Thae’s 2016 defection alongside his wife and two sons marked a significant event, as he held the distinguished position of deputy ambassador at the North Korean embassy in London, making him one of the highest-ranking officials to seek asylum.
The memoir, skilfully translated by Robert Lauler, an editor at Daily NK with a scholarly background in Korean language and literature, delivers a compelling narrative that transcends the boundaries of a conventional North Korean defector’s tale. Thae’s journey unfolds against the backdrop of a repressive regime, shedding light on the profound suffering endured by its people. However, what distinguishes this work is Thae’s intimate understanding of the inner workings of high-ranking departments and the capricious nature of powerful individuals.
Since resettling in South Korea, Thae has emerged as a prominent figure in think tanks and politics, offering readers a unique perspective on the geopolitical landscape. His insights extend beyond the conventional narrative, delving into the complexities of party committees and their pivotal role in shaping North Korean society. As Thae aptly notes, “Not understanding the role of party committees makes it almost impossible to understand North Korean society.” In this nuanced exploration, Passcode to the Third Floor transcends the boundaries of a traditional memoir, serving as an invaluable key to unlocking the enigma that is North Korea.
In a departure from conventional memoirs, the author of this compelling narrative intriguingly sidesteps a meticulous exploration of his early life in North Korea. Infused with a sense of urgency, Thae dives headfirst into a critical examination of the perpetual failure in negotiations between North Korea and the United States over decades, despite intermittent moments of progress. The opening chapters grapple with the question, “Why do North Korea and the United States consistently fall short of reaching an agreement during nuclear talks?” He carefully dissects the negotiating tactics employed by North Korean officials, revealing their adeptness at stalling, deflecting, and manipulating. These sections serve as a backdrop to a comprehensive exploration of why North Korea remains steadfast in its refusal to relinquish its nuclear weapons. He concludes that, “As long as the Kim Jong-un regime exists, I am confident that North Korea will never denuclearize. The total collapse of the Kim regime is the only way to achieve denuclearization in the DPRK.”
Echoing the narrative arc of many books within this genre, the work celebrates the resilience of the North Korean people under the oppressive yoke of totalitarian rule. The author pays homage to those who, despite the threat of severe punishment, seek outside information, the market owners – often women – who sustain supplies and those who pursue education against all odds. A poignant exploration of some high-ranking officials’ dignified humility and incredible work ethic, juxtaposed against the decadence of others, further intensifies the narrative’s impact.
From a policy perspective, the book emerges as essential reading for those seeking a nuanced understanding of the intricate power structures within North Korea. Thae provides invaluable insights into how various government departments operate and interact in response to their perceived gaps in knowledge. For instance, the revelation that “North Korean diplomats could not make heads or tails of the series of crises they faced, from the fall of the Eastern Bloc and disintegration of the Soviet Union to the simultaneous entry of the two Koreas into the UN, the establishment of relations between China and South Korea, and the first North Korea nuclear crisis. The diplomatic establishment’s expertise was so concentrated on China, the USSR, and the Eastern Bloc countries that it had few people who could negotiate with Western countries,” underscores the diplomatic establishment’s expertise limitations and concentration on certain geopolitical regions.
In a surprising twist, the narrative also offers humorous anecdotes of interactions with powerful government departments that, amusingly, intentionally don’t do any actual work. Although the writing is often distant and policy-oriented, there are many amusing moments, such as when he describes how he would run into South Korean officials. “We did meet him, purely by accident, in the sauna one time. The reader may have a hard time imagining diplomats from the two Koreas sitting in a sauna together in bathing suits, staring blankly at each other. I wanted to ask the South Korean diplomat a lot about his country, but I never had the courage to do so.”
When explaining the North Korean embassy staff’s disturbing experiences living in far wealthier nations, the author lays bare the poverty endured by these individuals, eliciting a deep sense of empathy, particularly for their partners and children. The narrative meticulously details the relentless struggles faced by embassy staff in meeting their basic needs, a stark reality compounded by the author’s acknowledgment that these challenges paled in comparison to the hardships endured by their compatriots back home. Within the confines of the embassy, the insidious sexism ingrained in the system unfolds, with examples illustrating the plight of women married to diplomats. Hindered by restrictive rules, these women often find themselves unable to work, further impeded from gaining the requisite experience to apply for party membership. This creates awkward scenarios, where the wives of higher-ranking officials, lacking party membership, are excluded from events, while those of lower-ranking officials, possessing such membership by other means, attend. The burden extends to unpaid labour, with instances where “even the wives of the embassy staff helped repaint the place.”
Amidst their overseas postings, the author reveals the deeply personal toll of these circumstances, narrating how his wife, against regulations, became pregnant without access to any prenatal services. Her only visit to a hospital was to give birth. The disparity between the staff’s relatively comfortable living conditions and the Arduous March experienced by others is underscored, drawing sympathy for embassy personnel forced into illicit activities to send money back to North Korea. The chilling horror of leaving some of their own children behind in the country, effectively held as hostages, is palpable, even when faced with the agonizing choice of separating twins.
Thae makes a conscientious focus on individuals with disabilities and their situation within society. These sections highlight his commitment to shedding light on overlooked aspects of the North Korean experience. In capturing the human dimensions of these struggles, he skilfully intertwines personal anecdotes with broader societal issues, creating a compelling narrative that resonates with readers. It also shows how there are many voices from North Korea that still need to be heard.
In a darkly comedic portrayal that could rival a BBC office sitcom, the author describes regular interactions with British communists during his tenure as deputy ambassador at the North Korean embassy in the UK. Amidst the cultural clash, the author finds wry amusement in the frustrations of British communists, particularly their bewilderment at the abundance of North Korean holidays and the incongruity between their world-view and the North Korean hereditary system. The section humorously titled “THE DRUDGERY OF GETTING CONGRATULATORY MESSAGES FROM EUROPEAN LEFT-WING PARTIES” paints a vivid picture of the author’s diplomatic responsibilities. Notable among these is the misadventure where three million dollars is naively thought enough to secure an official and residential building in central London. The desire to learn golf without the means to pay for lessons or equipment adds a touch of absurdity to the diplomatic narrative. Redolent of “The Death of Stalin” (2017), the author recounts the amusing struggle to display portraits of the Kims at events attended by British communists, leading to the ingenious solution of a portable hanging board. The farcical tales continue with fabricated reports to North Korea, where grand celebrations were spun from the reality of “seven or ten old British communists gathered in a tiny basement in London.”
The narrative takes an anxious turn as the author navigates the extreme stress of managing the visit of Kim Jong-Un’s older brother, Kim Jong-chul. With a tone reminiscent of “The Devil Wears Prada” (2003), the reader is drawn into a high-stakes scenario where concert attendance and visits to music stores in London become diplomatic endeavours with potential life-or-death consequences. I was praying that he would find that 24-hour dry cleaner so his entire family wouldn’t be exiled or murdered.
Thae’s scathing critique surfaces in the recounting of difficult negotiations to send aid back to malnourished North Korean children, only to discover the repurposing of the assistance by the Kim family. The unravelling sense of shame toward the North Korean regime becomes obvious, as the author exposes the disheartening reality where diplomatic efforts to alleviate suffering are overshadowed by the self-serving interests of the ruling family. He describes how a “sense of shame toward the North Korean regime was already building in my heart. While North Korean diplomats sought every opportunity to send even limited amounts of food back home, “purchasing teams” sent out from Pyongyang showed interest in only the items they needed to buy for the Kim family.”
There were times I wished he would explain how he and his family felt being overseas or how his children felt attending local schools or interacting with their British classmates. He has decided to write about his personal history toward the end of the book, which ties into his reasons for defecting. So, some questions I had toward the middle of the book were unexpectedly addressed in the final chapters. Thae, wrestling with the decision to delve into his own life, candidly confesses his reservations, saying “I’m not too thrilled talking about my birth, family, childhood, and marriage. I’m still only fifty-six years old, and my life has been very ordinary. I doubt there will be many people who will be interested in my life. But I’ve tried seeing it another way. I realized I could describe changes in North Korean society and life over the years, and how they all inevitably permeate my own life, so that South Koreans can better understand the DPRK and even their own country better.” He takes this opportunity to illuminate changes in North Korean society and life over the years. Through this lens, South Koreans gain a nuanced understanding of both the DPRK and their own country. The author traces North Korea’s trajectory from relative prosperity during his youth to the stark regression into a society of oppression and a total prison state. This includes a litany of purges and incidents, including Frunze Military Academy Incident, the Kazan Overseas Student Incident, the Germany Overseas Student Incident and the Simhwajo Incident, the execution of Jang Song-thaek, the bizarre shooting of members of the Unhasu Orchestra, and the petty demolition of Pyongyang Folklore Park. This serves as a haunting backdrop to the erosion of horizontal power structures, culminating in a society solely serving the Kim family’s interests. The struggle of the “true communists” was erased, and the North Korean economy was repurposed “solely for the Kim family’s pleasure.”
As previously mentioned, toward the end of the book the author recounts his formative years studying in China, providing a riveting glimpse into his interactions with the children of cadres and the delicate art of manipulating Chinese officials. As a keen observer of China, the author sheds light on North Korean officials’ adeptness at swindling and manipulating their neighbours, using Marxist-Leninist logic as a shield against criticism. The reader is afforded a sympathetic understanding of the Chinese dilemma, hampered by historical constraints and ideological entanglements. The dynamic interplay between nations, particularly in the context of curbing North Korea’s nuclear ambitions, paints a vivid portrait of diplomatic intricacies, underscored by the retort that China should not pressure North Korea, as “we are not in the era of the Qing Dynasty.”
For those new to North Korean studies, be warned that this book does not provide many background explanations. The narrative, for instance, alludes to the North Korean abduction of Japanese citizens with minimal contextual foundation and leaves terms like “suryong,” “juche,” and “banmal” undefined. This might not be the best inaugural foray into North Korea’s complex history, yet it might be the best book in this space. For those interested in international relations, diplomacy, and the clandestine realm of spy craft, this book proves a compelling choice. Throughout its pages, a spotlight is cast on media studies and the establishment of journalism services in the region. For example, it shows the struggles officials faced when grappling with the internet after relying on antiquated shortwave wireless communications, funnelled through Moscow.
This book extends beyond the anticipated tales of incarceration and executions, unfolding moving stories of individuals risking all for the simple pleasures of downloading music or indulging in South Korean dramas. Thae artfully encapsulates the North Korean paradox: “a society where nothing works, yet nothing was impossible. Everything depended on how Kim Jong-il felt.” Despite thematic gaps that occasionally punctuate the storytelling, the narrative deftly weaves together personal and political strands, providing readers with a profound comprehension of the intricate threads that shape life within the isolated nation and the weight borne by its officials abroad. Undoubtedly, Passcode to the Third Floor stands as a powerful narrative, seamlessly blending personal and political dimensions to offer an unparalleled and gripping exploration of a life in service of North Korea.
This book was provided by Columbia University Press for review.