Most of the time when I hear the words "Christian" and "Postmodern" in the same sentence, I expect either a). a wildly inaccurate revisionism that attempts to pin some absurd thesis to the Judeo-Christian tradition, such as "The Israelites never actually believed in God" or "St. Paul did not actually think Jesus was resurrected", or I hear b). scathing condemnations mainly coming from Evangelical Christians on how Postmodernism is an evil to be defeated. To be fair, I've been pretty harsh on Postmodernism in my own philosophical inquiries: the notion that there is no such thing as the permanent self, words mean nothing, everything is relative, and all knowledge is social construction tire me as a philosopher to no end. While for the most part Postmodernism has been rejected by the bulk of Anglo-American philosophers, it still holds a large amount of influence in humanities departments (in my American Lit course, the only philosophers my professor knew seemed to be Michel Foucault, Louis Althusser, and Roland Barthes, to her great discredit).
However, Leithart does not necessarily see Biblical and Postmodern perspectives as being on opposite ends of an easy spectrum. In fact, he sees much in the Postmoderns that are similar to the Biblical revelation. He uses the wonderful Book of Ecclesiastes to make comparisons (Solomon certainly says some very Postmodern things). Some of his points seemed mundane to me: such as pointing out how the Biblical revelation embraces the tentativeness of our knowledge similar to Postmodernism since it anticipates a judgment day in the future where total knowledge will be revealed, which I thought seemed a forced point.
On the other hand, Leithart makes a striking observation in noting that both Postmodernism and the Biblical view share a common skepticism for modernity. Just as Foucault rebelled against the Enlightenment project of improving society and the human being, so does the Biblical view. Both would rebel against utilitarian philosopher Jeremy Bentham's idea of a prison in which all occupants are watched at all times in order to eventually mold them into effective pawns of the general happiness. Of course it goes without saying that they react in opposite ways, but the fact that they react does reveal a core and interesting similarity.
Modernity is defined often by its process of trying to compartmentalize all aspects of natural or human reality into distinct categories in order to control it. Politics is easier to control when you eliminate religious influence. Things were better looked at from an "Us vs. Them" perspective that allowed us to understand people and civilizations better. A mechanized Newtonian universe allows us to quantify nature and control it for human well-being better. We are on a big, long march to mastering the elements and solving the problems of the human condition.
Both Postmodernity and the Biblical view reject this. Both of them see the dehumanizing qualities of this project. The cleanliness and sterility of modernity take away from what Postmodernism sees as the more humane qualities of liquidity and inherent messiness that allows us to give up trying to master being human, recognize it's all kinda meaningless, tear down the social constructs, and see anew. The Biblical view on the other hand sees modernity much like the Tower of Babel (Genesis 11): a vain quest for what only the divine and His righteous way can offer. Modernity with its systematization, while beautiful in its fruits, has prevented us from truly wrestling with the great struggles of Being (my mind harkens to Jacob wrestling with God in Genesis 32) in the presence of the Divine.
Postmodernism then, for Leithart, has comprehended the problem with modernity. It sees that reality can't be completely compartmentalized and that modernity has been reductive. The question then remains whether Postmodernism will keep wandering through the fog or realize the truth that the fog can only be seen because there is a Sun to light it. I know which side I am on. For the time being though, it is good to have a Christian author who takes time to understand Postmodernism and to really take the best of what Derrida, Foucault, Lyotard, and Barthes all have to offer.
A good book.