The story of beavers is the story of water, and is also the story of trees. Here in Ireland I have just visited a restored mill pond and seen the healthiest, happiest aspen trees I've ever found; some trees flourish near standing water. I saw heron, duck of a few species, moorhen, small birds, dragonfly, and various water plants including bulrushes. I did not see any beaver, because we don't have any. This look at beavers mainly in North America, but also with a chapter on Scotland and Devon, explains the wider picture of how hydrology and geomorpology are affected by the eagerly working beaver. Where dams are, ponds form, and sediment is deposited, floods are contained and ground water is absorbed. Life flourishes.
The book goes into the paradisical, if messy, waterways that faced early trappers and settlers. North America ran fat with beaver, bear and moose; rivers ran silver with fish and were filled with fowl. Rivers were often not navigable due to snags and drowned trees, giant wood and beaver dams. (See 'Beyond Control' by James Barnett Jr.) But salmon and trout found their ways happily up and down, showing us how salmon developed the skill of leaping. We then get the disastrous tale of slaughter. I find this hard to read, but it's not the author's fault. The beaver underpelt was used to make hats. The climate was colder in those days, so men wore hats more in America, China and Europe, and the markets were served.
Rivers now eroded banks, dams rotted or were removed, silt was carried downstream, land and aquifers dried out and gullies were incised. We see the decline of habitat and of the creatures dependent on it. No coincidence that forest fires became more frequent and the continent warmed. The author tells us that ecology is a new science. Darn right. While at school we were visited by a gentleman trying to sell us girls on places at Trinity College. I said "I want to study ecology." He said "We don't have any courses in ecology." Nor did anywhere else. So I went out and became a working tree surgeon.
The next chapters are more cheerful as we look at the people working to restore beavers, famously in Yellowstone where along with reintroduced wolves (which ate elk that ate trees) they restored habitat. Where beavers collide with people, towns or cattle, advocates have to work harder, coming up with beaver baffling pipe guards and culvert clearers. Cattle wreck stream banks and eat trees and forbs that hold soil together, so banks had to be fenced off before beavers could return. But when they did, right away the land started ponding and soaking in more water, so in drought summers the cattle didn't need water fetched, there was plenty.
This book touches on the same points as 'Once They Were Hats', a history of beavers written by a Canadian, Frances Backhouse, even looking at the furs, though not for a whole chapter, and the look at beaver-related place names is here confined to California to confound a claim that western California didn't have beavers; it did, but they were trapped out by sailors before white settlers arrived across land. I found more emphasis on the people and the work of restoring habitat, and how beavers help us and wildlife. We read about many amphibians and fish enjoying beaver ponds and bank burrows within a year.
Technical terms such as rewilding, flow devices, sexual dimorphism, incised stream channels, hyporheic exchange (where water above ground percolates and mixes with subground water, in losing streams, some of the latter coming to the surface in gaining streams) are written in italics the first time they are mentioned, and well explained. Anyone with a little knowledge of nature can follow this book, it is so well written, with so many people interviewed to explain their points of view. You will be inclined to Google images - I Googled the devil's corkscrew, fossilised beaver burrows, and the Beaver Deceiver contraption. While this is not a scientific textbook it includes many studies and projects, from the early twentieth century to 2017, and will be a source of fascination and inspiration to ecologists.
Notes and references in my e-ARC P249 - 272. I found 104 names which I could be sure were female. My version does not have any photos (apart from an author photo) though it does have some beaver range maps.
We are told that the author holds a Masters in Environmental Management from Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies. The fact that he is an environmental journalist is probably a great assistance in presenting such a readable book.
I downloaded an e-ARC from Net Galley. This is an unbiased review.