True Story Lucian's best-known and most entertaining work, is a parody of the tall stories of fantastic journeys narrated by famous poets and historians. With his trademark wit and humour, Lucian informs his readers that he means to tell nothing but lies and impossibilities, and warns them not to believe a word he says. The result is a comical masterpiece that influenced Western literature throughout the centuries, and works such as Gulliver's Travels and The Surprising Adventures of Baron Munchausen. Lucius, or the Ass, a satirical novel charting the adventures of a young man who has been transformed into a donkey, is usually attributed to Lucian and is thought to be a source of Apuleius's Golden Ass. Contains an introduction by Paul Turner and illustrations by Hellmuth Weissenborn
Lucian of Samosata was a Greek-educated Syrian rhetorician, and satirist who wrote in the Greek language. He is noted for his witty and scoffing nature.
This is a novel containing two short stories, ‘True History’ and ‘Lucius or the Ass’. These two stories are interesting mainly due to their historical relevance. They were written by an unknown, ancient Syrian. It’s always fun to read stories written thousands of years ago. It’s hard to fathom what people’s lives were like back then and an entertaining story can bridge the gap and allow the reader a glimpse into the past. At first I thought these stories might make a good children’s tale. They are full of action and have an absurd lack of logic that is delightful. For example, ‘True History’ contains a sailing trip that reaches the moon, which is found to be inhabited by rival gangs of insect-riding giants. However, the stories are also full of explicit sexual content. As is typical of ancient texts, it is told from an emphatically male point of view. The women are there to willingly amuse or connivingly seduce. They are objects to be avoided or played with, much like the giant insects. The violence and sex are quite shocking, but they are dealt with in an offhand way that makes it difficult to take either seriously. The stories have the free-wheeling immorality of Grimm’s fairy tales. The book was a short read and fairly entertaining. I imagine that thousands of years ago in the desert these stories were the equivalent of a summer blockbuster. They were invented to amuse and their longevity is a testament to their success. It may be tempting to judge harshly, but I can’t imagine that ‘Iron Man’ or ‘Transformers’ will hold up to the test of time as well as these tales.
I received a copy of this through Inter-Library Loan and it appears to be an earlier printing of this same title, again from Indiana University Press, published in 1958, translated by Paul Turner and illustrated by Hellmuth Weissenborn.
I read True History as a part of my ongoing review of the genesis and development of science fiction literature. Lucian's tale, written sometime before 200 A.D., is occasionally included in lists of SF precursors only because it is the earliest known work of fiction to involve travel in outer space; it is, primarily, a satirical tale squarely sitting within the bounds of fantasy, though it is also credited with having generated the genre of the fantastical journey.
I found this particular printing to be inferior to the other university press books I've been reading lately. This is due to the limited amount of scholarly information and criticism presented. An introduction gives a short biography of Lucian and warns the reader about certain liberties taken in the translation from the original Greek. There are no footnotes or references offered in the text, nothing at all to aid the reader in placing the work in any sort of greater context. The tale itself was not a very enjoyable read, but I'm not sure if this is because of a subpar translation or because the original work was just not very good.
If I ever come across a more recent and more in-depth translation and presentation of the tale, I'll give it another read, but as it stands this is of only marginal interest to my current literary agenda; on to greater things!
These were two quite entertaining tales that felt pretty fresh despite being 2000 years old. Despite the quite dark and horrible things that happen in each of them the tone is funny throughout, and as the introduction notes, while most satirists make you feel that life is not worth living, Lucian has a way of infecting you with his own love of life while he skewers it. I had recently found out about True Story, billed as one of the first science fiction stories, and certainly the inspiration for Gulliver's Travels and the like, and this reprint from 60 years ago did the trick, along with a bonus story that was also quite good.
True History is absurd and quite funny, but I'm sure it would be even more so if I got all the references and knew all the people mentioned. Knowledge of ancient history, mythology, and scholars is very helpful, or perhaps an annotated edition would be better.
Lucius or The Ass is another crazy tale. I must say I was a little surprised with the one lady's interest in Lucius as a donkey, and the (almost) donkey show at the end. Also, there seemed to be cliffs everywhere that people and animals keep getting tossed or jumping off of.
This is a pretty witty parody of the tropes associated with the ancient tales. A lot of the humor is lost to time and translation, but it's still pretty interesting to see that making fun of popular stories and books has always been part of culture.
A True Story is a wonderful story of space travels, aliens, and extraterrestrial warfair. It's surprisingly contemporary, and I would recommend it to those who like old-school sci-fi, or just a good parody. The translation itself is sometimes a bit strange and word choices are questionable at times. Lucius, or the Ass, follows Apuleus's story; it's a more condenced version though. To me it still remains open whether it was written by Lucian - I found the tone and the language too different. But overall a book worth reading.
[These notes were made in 1983; I read an edition translated by Paul Turner:]. The two stories share a certain fecundity of incident and invention. But from just the evidence here, I'm not at all sure how scholars have come to the conclusion that the dubious Ass is by the same author as True History, which is the infinitely superior work, with a far greater exhibition of imagination and, it seems to me, a far less morbid sensibility. I liked the moon episodes.
A fascinating (and fun) story, and an engaging and approachable translation! Personally would prefer if the translation had more commentary and footnotes, as the translator himself mentions he took some liberties - not without reason, and the result was pretty great, but it would be interesting to know more about the process and specific choices.
تحتوي هذه النسخة على كتابين قصيرين: التاريخ الحقيقي، والحمار. يحكي الكتاب الأول حكاية رحلةٍ خياليّةٍ قام بها لوشيان. يفتتح الكاتب بمقارنةٍ بين حاجة الرياضيّ للراحة كي يتقوى على ممارسة رياضته، وحاجة المفكر للراحة كي يتقوى على إعمال فكره. يهدف لوشيان أن يكون كتابه أحد الكتب التي يُستعان بها وقت الراحة (دون أن يعني ذلك أنه بلا فائدةٍ طبعًا)، خصوصًا وأنه يتقصد التندر على "حقائق تاريخية" ذكرها المؤرخون أو المفكرون أو الشعراء. وبالإضافة لذلك، يقر لوشيان من البداية أنه لا يعتزم كتابة تاريخ حقيقي بأي شكل من الأشكال، مما يعني أن على القارئ ألا يصدق أي شيء مما يقرؤه. لهذا التبرؤ من الحقيقة أغراضه، فلوشيان لا يُلزم نفسه بأي شيء حتى وإن تعرض لشخوص تاريخية حقيقية (وهو الشيء الذي يقوم به فعلًا). فالهدف كما يبدو هو التندر، ولكنه تندرٌ مغرّض إن صح التعبير. فعلى سبيل المثال، حين يصل لوشيان وأصدقاؤه للجزيرة الفردوسية، يجد هوميروس هناك. ولكنه حين يذهب لجزيرة السجن، ينقل أن هيرودوتوس موجودٌ هناك عقابًا له على كتابته تاريخًا غير حقيقي. في هذا السياق، يبرئ لوشيان هوميروس من كتابة تاريخ مكذوب في أوديسته أو إلياذته، كما يثير التساؤل حول السبب الذي يجعل الكاتب نفسه يذهب للفردوس برغم أنه يقر بكتابة تاريخٍ غير حقيقي! وبالإضافة لذلك، يبدو تفسير الظواهر الطبيعية المختلفة عبر أحداث خياليّة أمرًا مثيرًا للاهتمام (البَرَد مثلًا ناتجٌ عن تساقط ثمرات عنبٍ ثلجيٍّ من إحدى الجزر في السماء). لا أدري ما إذا كان هذا الأمر سخريةً على التفاسير المعاصرة له، أي أنها وسيلة لوشيان للتهكم على الطريقة التي يفسر فيها معاصروه تلك الظواهر، ولكنها حتمًا تستحق الاهتمام. لستُ ضليعًا في الأدب الإغريقي بما يكفي لأفهم كل التلميحات والإشارات التي أوردها لوشيان للأسف، ولذا لا أستطيع التعليق على ما يتعلق بها. يكفي ذكر أنه مطلعٌ على ما يبدو على فلسفات سقراط وأفلاطون وفيثاغورس، وأنه عالمٌ بالعلاقة بين المدارس المختلفة.
أما الكتاب الثاني فهو معنونٌ بـ "الحمار". يحكي الكتاب قصة رجلٍ اسمه لوشيوس (وحسبما يذكر مترجم الكتاب، كان لوشيان يستخدم لشخصياته بعض الأسماء الشبيهة لاسمه لتكون متحدثة بالنيابة عنه دون أن يلزم نفسه بما تقوله تلك الشخصيات) ومغامرته بعد أن تحول عن طريق الخطأ إلى حمار. فبعدما اكتشف أن زوجة مضيفه ساحرة، قام بإنشاء علاقة مع خادمتها ليتمكن من مشاهدة السحر بأم عينيه. وحين حدث له ذلك ورأى زوجة مضيفه تستحيل طيرًا، طلب من الخادمة أن تجلب له القنينة التي استخدمتها سيّدتها. لم تتنبه الخادمة لاختيارها القنينة الخطأ إلا حين دهن لوشيوس جسده وصار حمارًا، وعندها بدأت مغامرته في استخدامه للنقل والسرقة وما إلى ذلك. يشير المترجم إلى العنف ضد الحيوانات كثيمةٍ رئيسيةٍ في الكتاب، ويبدو كلامه إلى حد كبير مقنعًا. ولكن بالرغم من ذلك، أجد الكتاب يطرح تساؤلين بطريقة غير مباشرة: أولًا، ماذا لو كانت الحيوانات تفكر مثلنا بالفعل دون أن تمتلك القدرة على التعبير عن أفكارها؟ وثانيًا، ما هو حد العجب في فعلٍ يصدر عن حيوانٍ مقابل صدوره عن إنسان؟ لا يطرح الكتاب أي إجاباتٍ ولا أزعم أنني أمتلك أي فكرةٍ عنها، ولكنها مجرد أفكارٍ راودتني أثناء القراءة.