This book is about the office workplace--what it is, how it operates, and how it affects the people who work there. It examines the origins of the modern day offices we know today, the functions they perform for their organizations, the building systems of which they are comprised, and the way their interior settings affect human performance. Throughout, the discussion focuses on practical implications, the choices that can significantly enhance the value an organization realizes from its office facility. The book is oriented toward senior managers responsible for scrutinizing facility policies and expenditures. Extensively referenced, this comprehensive discussion of the office workplace presents information from such diverse fields as engineering, architecture, medicine, psychology, and sociology, in a form accessible to the nonexpert. It will be a valued reference for senior managers and facility professionals alike, as well as to others concerned about the quality of the office environment. Chapter The Case for Office Quality This introductory chapter presents key issues and trends that are forcing organizations to rethink their approach to the cost and effectiveness of their office accommodations. The rapid pace of office work, made possible by automation, is no longer an option but a necessity to survive in an increasingly competitive marketplace. Global competition, demographics, a greater awareness of the health risks in offices, and more stringent health and safety regulations have made it costly to ignore the impact of the workplace environment on individual performance and organizational effectiveness. The Office Facility The origins of the office lie in the distant past. But the office as we know it today is a recent phenomenon that evolved from the increased administrative needs of the industrial revolution. This chapter examines the dramatic changes in the physical design of the office as a result of the new functional demands placed upon it, the architectural design innovations developed to address them, and the availability of new construction materials.