Picasso said that at 8 years old he painted like Velazquez and when he was 60 or later he wanted to paint like a child. He was right: we are all born artists, but society, the socialization process that sews in class/gender/race in all its dimensions, takes it away from us. That's why there are Picasso's and the rest of us. The superman, the superpainter, the super is the result of the unsuper majorities. But that can and has changed. Discipline, imagination, hard work, resources to be able to more than survive and thrive and give you access to paints, canvasses and the training -- well then almost anyone could be their own Picasso.
Picasso was a magnificent imagination fearless in taking on or portraying his inner worlds and turmoils. Contradictory and cultural, briliiant and male, Picasso's outpourings of color, class and clashes, committed to changing the world through his painting -- however much you may disagree -- his accomplishments, his work has forever transformed what anyone would consider art. Picasso is the artworld, Jimi Hendrix in the electric music ladyland world. Individuals such these two in particular, are still leagues and almost cosmos away from the rest of us, who even in our frenzy to be original by learning from them even copy their mistakes unawares.
I am on volume two of this broad overview of Picasso's work. This volume opens up with Picasso's master ouerve/obra/work, "Guernica." Gernika was a Basque city, a sacred place thought to be one of the places of origin of the Basque people, that was bombed into ashes and history during a three-hour or so carpet bombing by the Nazi's Condor Legion, using German, Italian and Spanish Fascist airforce to obliterate Gernika. The destruction of Gernika happened in April 1937.
Earlier that year, in January, 1937, the Spansh Republican government had commissioned Picasso to paint an artwork for Spain's pavilion hall of exhibition at the Paris World Fair opening that summer. Picasso originally began a work that focused on the artist and his studio, his barricade, his trench, his frontline (metaphorically and actually) in the fight against fascism. The year before, after the Spanish Civil War began in July 1936, the Spanish Republican government appointed him the director of the renown Prado Museum, located in Madrid. Picasso had always been a supporter of the Spanish Republic and however honorary the title of Director of the Prado (he lived in Paris), he accepted to demonstrate to the world his affiliation and commitment to democracy and against fascism.
Picasso knew the brutality of Franco's uprising long before Gernika. For example, iIn March of 1937, Durango, another Basque town was also destroyed by air bombings. Then the destruction of Gernika, a sacred Basque place, happened. He immediately changed his approach to the piece and dedicated his work to the representation of Gernika in his work.
Picasso began painting Gernika on May 1 and by early June, merely five weeks later, he had finished the masterwork we have all come to associate in one way or another with modern ariel warfare.
That's the utilitarian version of Gernika, that it is a painting denouncing a fascist war crime. Yet there are infinite amount of aspects to this masterwork. The preparatory work, sketches, paintings, drawings and other work that Picasso developed and drew upon are in themselves lesser know masterworks. Picasso used for example the triptych, which had become a secular vehicle for painters formerly used in Christian paintings (the "holy trinity" -- the Eurocentric thesis/antithesis/synthesis frameworks), to not only portray Gernika but move beyond and reach another universal symbolism and level of art. The painting herself had mass backing, because of the world outrage against the fascist uprising in Spain and its use for organizing support for Spanish culture and the Republic. Picasso also is said to have decided on only using black, white, greys, because it would reproduce better as a postcard and poster, where color printing was still costlier and limited in distribution. Also, the Spanish writer, Jose Bergamin (I might have the wrong writer) is said to have the only element of color that was on the drafts of the Gernka -- a red star -- that Picasso decided against and took off (a collage element -- Picasso used a technique he learned from his father, that of placing cloth, paper and other media on the painting itself before painting in the color or element to experiment and see what the new element or color or contours or contrast would look like). Picasso also changed the design, re-working and literally editing the piece as he painted on the canvass.
From studying Picasso I learned how painters "edit" their work, much in the same fashion as writers do: crossing out or erasing words, images, colors, forms, positioning and paragraphs of art in the process of creating the final draft or version, as we now know Guernica. The process of Picasso's development of Guernica was photographed by his lover of that decade, Dora Maar. Guernica went through six stages or drafts before he finished in June 1937, approximately less than six weeks after starting to daube the wall-size canvass.
Later, after Germany had invaded and was occupying France, PIcasso was visited by German military officers. And when asked if had painted Guernica, he replied, "No you are the ones who created Guernica."